TS Inter 2nd Year

Students must practice these Maths 2A Important Questions TS Inter Second Year Maths 2A Probability Important Questions Long Answer Type to help strengthen their preparations for exams.

TS Inter Second Year Maths 2A Probability Important Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
If one ticket is randomly selected from ticket numbers 1 to 30, then find the probability that the number on the ticket
is
I. a multiple of 5 or 7
II. a multiple of 3 or 5 [Mar. ’08]
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
No. of ways of drawing one ticket from 30 ticket
∴ n(S) = \({ }^{30} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 30
I) Let K be the event of getting a multiple of 5 then A = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30}
∴ n(A) = 6
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{6}{30}=\frac{1}{5}\)
Let B be the event of getting a multiple of 7 then
B = {7, 14, 21, 28}
∴ n(B) = 4
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{n(B)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{30}=\frac{2}{15}\)
A ∩ R = getting a multiple of 5 and 9 = Φ
∴ n(A ∩ B) = 0
P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{n(A \cap B)}{n(S)}=\frac{0}{30}\) = 0
The probability that the number on the ticket is a multiple of 5 or 7.
According to addition theorem on probability,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(ß) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{15}\) – 0
= \(\frac{3+2}{15}=\frac{5}{15}=\frac{1}{3}\).

II) Let A be the event of getting a multiple of 3 then
A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30}
∴ n(A) = 10
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Let B be the event of getting a multiple of 5 then
B = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30}
∴ n(B) = 6
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{n(B)}{n(S)}=\frac{6}{30}=\frac{1}{5}\)
A ∩ B is the event getting a multiple of 5 and 3 then A ∩ B = {15, 30}
∴ n(A ∩ B) = 2
∴ P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{2}{30}=\frac{1}{15}\)
The probability that the number on the ticket is a multiple of 3 or 5. According to addition theorem on probability.
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{15}\)
= \(\frac{5+3-1}{15}=\frac{7}{15}\).

Question 2.
The probabilities of three events A, B, C are such that P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4, P(C) = 0.8, P(A ∩ B) = 0.08, P(A ∩ C) = 0.28, P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 0.09 and P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 0.75. Show that P(B ∩ C) lies in the interval [0.23, 0.48]. [Board Paper]
Solution:
Given that,
P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4, P(C) = 0.8
P(A ∩ B) = 0.08, P(A ∩ C) = 0.28
P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 0.09, and P(A ∪ B ∪ C) ≥ 0.75
Now,
P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(A ∩ B) – P(B ∩ C) – P(A ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.8 – 0.08 – P(B ∩ C) – 0.28 + 0.09
= – 0.27 + 1.5 – P(B ∩ C)
= 1.23 – P(B ∩ C)
Since, P(A ∪ B ∪ C) ≥ 0.75
⇒ 0.75 ≤ P(A ∪ B ∪ C) ≤ 1
⇒ 0.75 ≤ 1.23 – P(B ∩ C) ≤ 1
⇒ 0.75 – 1.23 ≤ P(B ∩ C) ≤ 1 – 1.23
⇒ -0.48 ≤ – P(B ∩ C) ≤ – 0.23
⇒ 0.48 ≥ P(B ∩ C) ≥ 0.23
⇒ 0.23 ≤ P(B ∩ C) ≤ 0.48
∴ P(B ∩ C) c [0.23, 0.48]
∴ P(B ∩ C) lies in the interval [0.23, 0.48].

Question 3.
The probabilities of 3 mutually exclisive events are respectively given as \(\frac{1+3 \mathbf{P}}{3}, \frac{1-\mathbf{P}}{\mathbf{4}}, \frac{\mathbf{1 – 2 P}}{\mathbf{2}}\). Prove that \(\frac{1}{3}\) ≤ p ≤ \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Solution:
Suppose, A, B, C are exclusive event such that
P(A) = \(\frac{1+3 p}{3}\)
P(B) = \(\frac{1-p}{3}\)
P(C) = \(\frac{1-2 p}{2}\)
We know that
0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1
0 ≤ \(\frac{1+3 \mathrm{p}}{3}\) ≤ 1
0 ≤ 1 + 3p ≤ 3
0 ≤ 1 ≤ 3p ≤ 3 – 1
– 1 ≤ 3p ≤ 2
\(\frac{-1}{3} \leq p \leq \frac{2}{3}\) …………….(1)
0 ≤ P(B) ≤ 1
0 ≤ \(\frac{1-p}{4}\) ≤ 1
0 ≤ 1 – p ≤ 4
0 – 1 ≤ 1 – p – 1 ≤ 4 – 1
– 1 ≤ – p ≤ 3
1 ≥ p ≥ – 3
– 3 ≤ p ≤ 1 ……………(2)
0 ≤ \(\frac{1-2 p}{2}\) ≤ 1
0 ≤ 1 – 2p ≤ 2
o – 1 ≤ 1 – 2p – 1 ≤ 2 – 1
– 1 ≤ – 2p ≤ 1
\(+\frac{1}{2}\) p ≥ \(\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}\) ≤ p ≤ \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Since, A, B, C are mutually exclusive events then 0 ≤ P(A ∪ B ∪ C) ≤ 1
0 ≤ P(A) + P(B) + P(C) ≤ 1
0 ≤ \(\frac{1+3 p}{3}+\frac{1-p}{4}+\frac{1-2 p}{2}\) ≤ 1
0 ≤ \(\frac{4+12 p+3-3 p+6-12 p}{12}\) ≤ 1
0 ≤ \(\frac{13-3 p}{12}\) ≤ 1
0 ≤ 13 – 3p ≤ 12
0 – 13 ≤ – 3p ≤ 12 – 13
– 13 ≤ – 3p ≤ – 1

Question 4.
State and prove addition theorem on probability [May ‘14, ‘12, ‘09, ‘08, ’07, ‘06, ‘05, Mar. ’14. ‘11. ‘07; AP – Mar. ‘18. ‘17; TS – Mar.’18. May ‘16]
Solution:
Addition theorem on probability:
If A, B are two events in a sample space, S then P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)

Proof:
In a sample space
A = {a₁, a₂, …………………. a₁, a₁₊₁, ……………. a_m)
B = {a₁₊₁ ……… am, a_m+1 …………………… a_n}
A ∩ B = {a₁₊₁, ………………., a_m}
A ∪ B = {a₁, a₂, ……….. a₁, a₁₊₁, a_m, a_m+1, …………..a_m}
According to definition of probability
P(A) = \(\sum_{i=1}^m\) P(a_i)
P(B) = \(\sum_{\mathbf{i}=l+1}^{\mathrm{n}}\) P(a_i)
P(C) = \(\sum_{\mathbf{i}=l+1}^{\mathrm{n}}\) P(a_i)

Question 5.
If A, B, C are 3 independent events of an experiment such that \(P\left(A \cap B^C \cap C^C\right)=\frac{1}{4}\), \(P\left(A^C \cap B \cap C^C\right)=\frac{1}{8}\), \(P\left(A^C \cap B \cap C^C\right)=\frac{1}{4}\) then P(A), P(B) and P(C). [Mar. ’10, AP – May 2016; TS – Mar. 2015]
Solution:
Given that,
A, B, C are three independent events then \(A^{\mathrm{C}}, \mathrm{B}^{\mathrm{C}}, \mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{C}}\) are also independent events.

Question 6.
State and prove multiplication theorem on probability. [TS – May ’15, May ’10, Mar. ’04]
Solution:
Multiplication theorem of probability: (or) Theorem of compound probability:
Let A, B be two events in a sample s pace, S such that P(A) ≠ 0, P(B) ≠ 0 then
I) P(A ∩ B) = P(A). \(\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{B}}{\mathrm{A}}\right)\)
II) P(A ∩ B) = P(B). \(\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{B}}\right)\)
Proof:
Let, n(A), n(B), n(A ∩ B), n(S) be the number of sample points in A, B, A ∩ B, S respectively.
Then,

Question 7.
State and prove Baye’s theorem on probability,
Statement: If A₁, A₂, ………….., A_n, are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events in a sample space, S such that P(A₁) > 0 for i = 1, 2, …, n and E is any event with P(E) > 0 then \(P\left(\frac{A_K}{E}\right)=\frac{P\left(A_K\right) \cdot P\left(\frac{E}{A_K}\right)}{\sum_{i=1}^n P\left(A_i\right) P\left(\frac{E}{A_i}\right)}\) for K = 1, 2, ………….., n. [Mar. 12, ‘09, May ‘05 AP – Mar. May, ’15, ’16, TS – Mar. ‘17, ‘16, AP – Mar. 2019]
Solution:
Proof :
Since, A₁, A₂, …………….. A_n are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events in a sample space, S it follows that \(\bigcup_{i=1}^n\) A_i = S and
A₁, A₂, ………….. A_n are mutually disjoint.
Now,
E ∩ A₁, E ∩ A₂, ……………….. E ∩ A_n are mutually disjoint.
∴ P(E) = P(E ∩ S)

Question 8.
Suppose that an urn B₁ contains two white and 3 black balls and another urn B₂ contains 3 white and 4 black balls. One urn is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. If the ball drawn is found black, find the pobability that the urn choosen was B₁.
Solution:
Let E₁, E₂ denote the events of selecting mens B₁ and B₂ respectively then
P(E₁) = \(\frac{1}{2}\),
P(E₂) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Let B denote the event that the ball choosen from the selected men is black then

Question 9.
Three boxes B₁, B₂ and B₃ contain balls with different colours as shown below.

A die is thrown. B₁ is chosen if either 1 or 2 turns up. B₂ is chosen If 3 or 4 turns up and B₃, is chosen if 5 or 6 turns up. Having chosen a box In this way, a ball is choosen at random from this box. If the ball drawn Is found to be red, find the probability that it is drawn fron box B₂.
Solution:
Let E₁, E₂, E₃ denote the events of selecting boxes B₁, B₂, B₃ respectively.
∴ P(E₁) = \(\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)
P(E₂) = \(\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)
P(E₃) = \(\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Let f denote the event that the ball choosen from the selected box is red.

Question 10.
An urn contains ‘w’ white halls and ‘b’ black balls. Two players Q and R alternatively draw a ball with replacement from the urn. The player that draws a white ball first wins the game. If Q begins the game, find the probability of his winning the game.
Solution:
Let w denote the event of drawing a white ball in any draw then
P(w) = \(\frac{w_{C_1}}{(w+b)_{C_1}}=\frac{w}{w+b}\)
Let B denote the event of drawing a black ball in any draw then
P(B) = \(\frac{\mathrm{b}_{\mathrm{C}_1}}{(\mathrm{w}+\mathrm{b})_{\mathrm{C}_1}}=\frac{\mathrm{b}}{\mathrm{w}+\mathrm{b}}\)
The probability of Q wins the game.
= P(w ∪ BBw ∪ BBBBw ∪ ……………. )
= P(w) + P(BBw) + P(BBBB)w) + ……………..
= P(w) + P(B)P(B)P(w) + P(B) P(B) P(B) P(B) P(w) + …………….
= P(w) [1 [P(B)²+ [P(B)]⁴ + ……………….]

Question 11.
Three urns have the following composition of balls:
urn I : 1 white, 2 black
urn II: 2 white, 1 black
urn III: 2 white, 2 black
One of the urns is selected at random and a ball is drawn. it turns out of two be white. Find the probability that It came
from urn III. [AP – Mar. 2017] [May ’13]
Solution:
Let, A₁, A₂, A₃ be the events of selecting urn – I, urn – II, urn – III respectively then
P(A₁) = \(\frac{1}{3}\),
P(A₂) = \(\frac{1}{3}\),
P(A₃) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
Now A₁, A₂, A₃ are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events.
Let E be the event of drawing a white ball from the selected urn.

Question 12.
A person is known to speak truth 2 out of 3 times. He throws a die and reports that it is 1. Find the probability that it is actually 1.
Solution:
Let, A be the event that 1 occurs when a die is thrown.
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
Let, E be the event that the man reports that it is 1. Since, the man speaks the truth 2 out of 3 times.

Question 13.
Three boxes numbered I, II, III contain the balls as follows:

One box is randomly selected and a ball is drawn from it. If the ball is red, then find the probability that It Is from Box – II. [TS. Mar. 2019]
Solution:
Let A₁, A₂, A₃ be the events of drawing a ball from the box numbered I, II, III respectively and E be the event of drawing a red ball from the selected box.
P(A₁) = \(\frac{1}{3}\),
P(A₂) = \(\frac{1}{3}\),
P(A₃) = \(\frac{1}{3}\) and
A₁, A₂, A₃ are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events.
P(E/A₁) = \(\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)
P(E/A₂) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
P(E/A₃) = \(\frac{3}{12}=\frac{1}{4}\)
P(A₂/E) = P(A₂) . P(E/A₂) P(A₁) . P(E/A₁) + P(A₂) . P(E/A₂) + P(A₃) P(E/A₃)
= \(\frac{\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{1}{4}}{\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{1}{4}}\) = \(\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{1}{4}\)

Here you will find Telangana TSBIE State Board Syllabus TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material Pdf free download, TS Intermediate 2nd Year Political Science Textbook Solutions Questions and Answers in English Medium and Telugu Medium according to the latest exam curriculum. The chapter-wise TS Inter 2nd Year Study Material will help the students in understanding the concept behind each question in a detailed way.

Students can check the TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Syllabus & TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Important Questions for strong academic preparation. Students can use TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Notes as a quick revision before the exam.

TS Intermediate 2nd Year Political Science Study Material Pdf Download | TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Textbook Solutions Telangana

TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material in Telugu Medium

• Chapter 1 భారత రాజ్యాంగం – చారిత్రక నేపథ్యం
• Chapter 2 ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు – ఆదేశక సూత్రాలు
• Chapter 3 కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం
• Chapter 4 రాష్ట్ర ప్రభుత్వం
• Chapter 5 కేంద్ర రాష్ట్ర సంబంధాలు
• Chapter 6 స్థానిక ప్రభుత్వాలు
• Chapter 7 భారతదేశంలో ఎన్నికల వ్యవస్థ
• Chapter 8 భారత రాజకీయాల్లో సమకాలీన అంశాలు
• Chapter 9 తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్ర అవతరణ
• Chapter 10 స్మార్ట్ గవర్నెన్స్
• Chapter 11 భారతదేశం – ప్రపంచదేశాలు

TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material in English Medium

• Chapter 1 Indian Constitution-Historical Background
• Chapter 2 Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy
• Chapter 3 Union Government
• Chapter 4 State Government
• Chapter 5 Centre-State Relations
• Chapter 6 Local Government
• Chapter 7 Election System in India
• Chapter 8 Contemporary Issues in Indian Politics
• Chapter 9 Emergence of Telangana State
• Chapter 10 Smart Governance
• Chapter 11 India and the World

We hope this TS Intermediate 2nd Year Political Science Study Material Pdf Download in English Medium and Telugu Medium will be useful for students to attain the right approach for precisely answering the textbook questions. If there is any trouble in grasping the concepts related to TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Textbook Solutions Telangana, drop your questions in the comment and we will get back to you with a solution in time.

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 4th Lesson Awake Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 4th Lesson Awake

Annotations (Section A, Q.No. 2, Marks: 4)
Annotate the following in about 100 words each.

a) Who kneel in thy presence to serve and adore thee!

Introduction: This beautiful line is taken from the patriotic lyric”Awake” written by Sarojini Naidu. She is fondly remembered as the Nightingale of India. This is the last poem in the part of “The Broken wing: Songs of Love”.

Context and meaning: This poem is a fervent appeal for unity and action. That call is at once artistic and rhetoric. First, the nation is personified as our mother. All Indians become her children. The poet visualizes all children praying to he mother. They, entreat her to give them a chance to serve her and admire her glory. This kind of visualization is a powerful way to persuade everyone to tread that path.

Critical Comment: The poem expresses strong nationalistic feelings. It was written more than a century ago. Yet, it is very relevant today.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ అందమైన వాక్యం సరోజినీ నాయుడు వ్రాసిన దేశభక్తి గీతం “మేల్కొను” నుండి తీసుకోబడింది. ఆమెను భారతదేశపు గానకోకిలగా ప్రేమగా గుర్తుంచుకుంటారు. “The Broken Wing: Songs of Love” లో ఇది చివరి కవిత.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : పద్య౦ ఐక్యత మరియు కార్యాచరణ కోసం తీవ్రమైన విజ్ఞప్తి. ఆ పిలుపు ఒకేసారి కళాత్మకంగా మరియు వాక్చాతుర్యంగా ఉంటుంది. మొదటగా, దేశం మన తల్లిగా వ్యక్తీకరించబడింది. భారతీయులందరూ ఆమె బిడ్డలయ్యారు. పిల్లలందరూ తల్లిని ప్రార్థిస్తున్నట్లు కవి దృశ్యమానం చేస్తుంది. ఆమెకు సేవ చేయడానికి మరియు ఆమె కీర్తిని మెచ్చుకునే అవకాశం ఇవ్వాలని వారు ఆమెను వేడుకుంటారు. ఈ రకమైన దృశ్యమానం ప్రతి ఒక్కరినీ ఆ మార్గంలో నడపడానికి ఒప్పించే శక్తివంతమైన మార్గం.

విమర్శ : బలమైన జాతీయ భావాలను తెలియజేస్తుంది ఈ పద్య౦. శతాబ్దపు కాలానికి ముందే ఇది వ్రాయబడింది. అయినప్పటికీ, ప్రస్తుతానికి చాలా సంబంధం కల్గి ఉంది. అది నేటికీ చాలా సందర్భోచితమైనది.

b) Awaken and sever the woes that enthral us (Revision Test – IV)

Introduction: This patriotic line is taken from the patriotic lyric, ” Awake” Written by Sarojini Naidu, the nightingale of India. This is the last poem of “The broken wings: Songs of Love”.

Context and meaning: It is a soul stirring plea for action and zenity. The woes of bondage are to be cut. Mother India should gain its glory gain and grow and glow. Hence, the children implore the mother to rouse them from their slumber and to cut off the ties of bondage in which they are bound at present their hands are to be purified by her so that they might be prompted to undertake more and more deed of victory and triumph.

Critical Comment: The poem expresses strong nationalistic feelings. It was written more than a century ago. Yet, it is very relevant today.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ దేశభక్తిని తెలియజేయు వాక్యం దేశభక్తి గేయం. భారత గానకోకిల సరోజినీ నాయుడు వ్రాసిన “మేల్కొను” నుండి తీసుకోబడింది. “ది బ్రోకెన్ వింగ్: సాంగ్స్ ఆఫ్ లవ్” లో ఇది చివరి కావ్యం. ఈ పద్య౦.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : ఐక్యతను మరియు కార్యాచరణను ఇది మనస్సును కదిలించే కావ్యం. బానిస బాధలు తుంచివేయాలి. భరతమాత మరల తన కీర్తిని, ఎదుగుదలను మరియు కాంతి, వెలుగు పొందాలి. కాబట్టి భరతమాత బిడ్డలు, ప్రస్తుతం వారు బందీలై ఉన్న బానిస సంకెళ్ళను తుంచివేయుటకు ఆమెను నిద్రావస్థితి నుండి మేల్కొలపమని భరతమాతను ప్రార్థించుచున్నారు. విజయోన్ముకులు అవ్వటానికి, వారి చేతులను పవిత్రం చేయమని తల్లిని కోరుకుంటున్నారు.

విమర్శ: గట్టి జాతీయభావాలను ఈ పద్య౦ తెలియజేస్తుంది. ఒక శతాబ్దపు కాలానికి క్రితమే ఈ పద్య౦ వ్రాయబడింది. అయినప్పటికీ, ఈ రోజులకు బాగా సంబంధించింది.

c) Ne’er shall we fail thee, forsake thee or falter,
whose hearts are thy home and thy shield and thine altar

Introduction: These patriotic lines are taken from the patriotic lyric, “Awake”, written by Sarojini Naidu the nightingale of India. This is the last poem in the part of “The Broken wing: songs of Love”

Context and meaning: Here, the poetess says that the children of the mother land love her very much. They have a great devotion for their mother land. They are the true children they have inherited her pride, moral and spiritual strength. They want to preserve these qualities. The y will never fail to protect her. They will never desert her. Their hearts are the home of the mother. They are her shield with which they would protect her. They are her altar at which they would worship her. It is with her help that they will be set again in the forefront of glory.

Critical Comment: The poem expresses strong nationalistic feelings It was written more than a century ago. Yet it is very relevant today.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ దేశభక్తి పంక్తులు భారత గానకోకిల సరోజినీ నాయుడుచే రచించబడిన “మేల్కొను” అను దేశభక్తి గేయం నుండి తీసుకొనబడింది. “The Broken Wing: Songs of Love” లో ఇది చివరి వాక్యం.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : ఇక్కడ, మాతృభూమి బిడ్డలు ఆమెను అమితంగా ప్రేమిస్తున్నారంటుంది కవయిత్రి. వారికి మాతృభూమిపట్ల గొప్ప భక్తి ఉంది. వారి ఆమె (భరతమాత) నిజమైన బిడ్డలు. భరతమాత గర్వం, హుందా, నీతి మరియు ఆధ్యాత్మిక బలాన్ని వారసత్వంగా వారు పొందారు. ఈ లక్షణాలను నిలుపుకోవాలనుకుంటున్నారు వారు. ఎప్పటికీ ఆమెను వదులుకోరు వారు. వారి హృదయాల్లో భరతమాత విలువైనది. వారు ఆమె రక్షణ కవచాలు ఆమెను రక్షించుకుంటారు. ఆమెను పూజించే పూజాపీఠం వారు ఆమె (ఖర్చులు) సహాయంతో వారు (భారతీయులు) ఆమెను మురళీ కీర్తి ప్రతిష్టలు ముందు నిలుపుతారు.

విమర్శ : ధృఢమైన జాతీయ భావాలను ప్రదర్శిస్తుంది ఈ పద్య౦. ఒక శతాబ్దకాలం క్రితమే వ్రాయబడింది ఈ పద్య౦. అయినప్పటికి

d) …………………. Hearken,
O queen and O goddess, we hail thee! (Revision Test – IV)

Introduction: These are the concluding lines of the patriotic lyric, “Awake” written by sarojini Naidu, the Nightingale of India. This is the last poem of “The Broken wing! Songs of Love”.

Context and meaning: Here, people of all Indian religions assure her chat they would serve her with devotion to the best of their ability. They call upon their great mother, their queen and their goddess to listen to their prayer and awake from her present slumber. Their fearless united and devoted efforts shall certainly be sufficient to free her from her present bondage.

Critical Comment: This lyric is a soul stirring call for unity and action. It expresses strong nationalistic feelings.

కవి పరిచయం : భారత గాన కోకిల సరోజినీ నాయుడిచే రచించబడిన “మేల్కొను” అను దేశభక్తి గేయంలోని ముగింపు పంక్తులు ఇవి “ది బ్రోకెన్ వింగ్ : సాంగ్స్ ఆఫ్” లో ఇది చివరి కావ్యం.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : ఇక్కడ, అన్ని భారతీయ మతాల ప్రజలు ఆమెను తమ శక్తి మేరకు భక్తితో సేవ చేస్తామని ఆమెకు భరోసా ఇస్తారు. వారు తమ గొప్పతల్లిని, వారి రాణిని మరియు వారి దేవతను తమ ప్రార్థనను వినమని మరియు ఆమె ప్రస్తుత నిద్ర నుండి మేల్కొలపమని పిలుపునిచ్చారు వారు. వారి నిర్భయమైన ఐక్యత మరియు అంకితమైన ప్రయత్నాలు ఆమె ప్రస్తుత బానిసత్వం నుండి ఆమెను విడిపించడానికి ఖచ్చితంగా సరిపోతాయి అంటారు.

విమర్శ : ఈ గీతం ఐక్యత మరియు కార్యచర్య కోసం ఒక ఆత్మను (మనస్సు) కదిలించే పిలుపు. ఇది బలమైన జాతీయ భావాలను వ్యక్తపరుస్తుంది.

Paragraph Questions & Answers (Section A, Q.No.4, Marks: 4)
Answer the following Questions in about 100 words

a) Substantiate the critical comment that the poem”Awake” is a patriotic lyric. (Revision Test – IV)
Answer:
Yes, Sarojini Naidu’s song”Awake’ has been acclaimed as a patriotic lyric. A lyric is poem. A single speaker expresses emotions and thoughts in it. It is noteworthy for its musical quality and rhythm. And its theme is losty. According to it, the poem, “Awake”, has all these qualities in abundance. It is rich in musical element. If expresses strong nationalistic feelings. Thus, the content is patriotic and lience noble. With its preformed theme and artistic and lyrical form the poem is very much entitled to be applauded as patriotic lyric. It is a touching call to all Indians for unity and action. People of all religions pledge to come together to guard their mother, queen and goddess. Hence, this is a patriotic lyric.

అవును, సరోజినీ నాయుడు యొక్క పాట “మేల్కొను” పాట దేశభక్తి గీతంగా ప్రశంసించబడింది. గీతం అనేది ఒక పద్య౦. ఒకే వక్త దానిలో భావోద్వేగాలను మరియు ఆలోచనలను వ్యక్తపరుస్తారు. ఇందులో. ఇది దాని సంగీత నాణ్యత మరియు లయకు ముఖ్యమైంది. మరియు దీని ఇతివృత్తం ఉన్నతమైంది. దీనికి అణుగుణంగా, ఈ పద్య౦ ‘మేల్కొను” ఈ లక్షణాలన్నీ పుష్కలంగా ఉన్నాయి. ఇది సంగీత లక్షణంలో సమృద్ధిగా ఉంటుంది.

ఇది బలమైన జాతీయ భావాలను వ్యక్తపరుస్తుంది. అందువలన, ఇతివృత్తం దేశభక్తి మరియు సాహిత్య రూపంతో ఈ పద్య౦ దేశభక్తి గీతంగా ప్రశంసించబడటానికి చాలా అర్హతగల్గినది. ఐక్యత మరియు కార్యచరణ కోసం భారతీయులందరికీ ఇది హత్తుకునే పిలుపు. అన్ని మతాల ప్రజలు తమ తల్లి, రాణి మరియు దేవతను కోపాడుకోవడానికి కలిసి వస్తామని ప్రతిజ్ఞ చేస్తారు. అందుకే, ఇది దేశభక్తి గీతం.

b) What do the children implore the mother in the poem, “Awake” ?
Answer:
The patriotic lyric, “Awake” is written by Sarojini Naidu, The nightingale of India. The poem is a servent appeal for unity and action. The nation is personified as our mother. All Indians becomes her children. The poet visualizes all children praying to the mother. They are invoking her to rise from her sound and long sleep and to bless them. So that they may succeed in their holy object of setting her free from the chain of slavery under the British rule. Thus, they implore her to awake from her sleep. They are ready to serve her. It is a soul storing plea for action and unity. The poem stands out for its strong nationalistic feelings.

దేశభక్తిగేయం “మేల్కొను” భారత గాన కోకిల, సరోజినీ నాయుడుచే రచింపబడింది. ఈ పద్య౦ ఐక్యత మరియు కార్యచరణ కోసం తీవ్రమైన విజ్ఞప్తి. దేశం మన తల్లిగా వర్తించబడింది. భారతీయులందరూ ఆమె బిడ్డలయ్యారు. పిల్లందరూ తల్లిని ప్రార్థిస్తున్నట్లు కవి దృశ్యమానం చేస్తారు. బ్రిటీష్ పాలనలో బానిసత్య సంకెళ్ళు నుండి ఆమెను విడిపించే వారి పవిత్రమైన లక్ష్యంలో వారు విజయం సాధించాలని ఆమె దీర్ఘ, ఘాడమైన నిద్ర నుండి లేచి వారిని ఆశీర్వదించమని ప్రార్థిస్తున్నారు. అందువలన, వారు ఆమెను నిద్ర నుండి మేల్కొనమని వేడుకుంటున్నారు. వారు ఆమెకు సేవ చేయడానికి సిద్ధంగా ఉన్నారు. ఇది కార్యాచరణ మరియు ఐక్యత కోసం ఆత్మను, మనస్సును కదిలించే అభ్యర్ధన. ఈ పద్య౦దాని బలమైన, గట్టి, జాతీయవాద భావాలకు చిహ్నంగా నిలుస్తుంది.

c) How do Indians plan to set their mother again in the forefront of glory? (Revision Test – IV)
Answer:
The patriotic lyric, “Awake” is written by Sarojini Naidu, The nightingale of India. According to the poetess, the children of the motherland are invoking her to rise from her sound and long sleep and bless them so that they succeed in their holy object of setting her free from the chain of slavery under, the British rule. The poetess says that her children love her very much. They have a great devotion for their motherland.

They are her true children. They have inherited her pride, moral and spiritual strength they want to preserve these qualities. They will never fail to protect her. They will never desert her. Their hearts are the home of the mother. They are moreover her shield and her alfar. It is with her help that they will be set again in the forefront of glory. All medians should forget their mutual differences for the attainment of freedom and rise against British tyranny.

దేశభక్తి గీతం ‘మేల్కొను’ భారత గాన కోకిల సరోజినీ నాయుడుచే రచింపబడింది. రచయిత ఉద్దేశం, భరతమాత బిడ్డలు, బ్రిటీషు పాలనలో బానిస సంకెళ్ళ నుండి భరతమాతను విడిపిచు వారి పవిత్రమైన లక్ష్యంలో వారు విజయం సాధించాలని ఆమె ఘాడమైన, సుదీర్ఘ నిద్ర నుండి లేచి వారిని ఆశీర్వదించమని ప్రార్థిస్తున్నారు. వారు ఆమెను అమితంగా ప్రేమిస్తున్నారని కవయిత్రి చెప్తుంది. వారు ఆమె నిజమైన బిడ్డలు. ఆమె హుందాను, నీతి మరియు ఆధ్యాత్మిక శక్తిని వారు హక్కుగా పొందినారు. ఈ లక్షణాలను వారు నిలుపుతారు.

ఆమెను రక్షించుటలో వారు ఎన్నడూ విఫలమవ్వరు. ఎన్నడూ ఆమెను వదులుకోరువారు. తల్లికి వారి హృదయాల్లో నివాసం ఏర్పరిచారు. వారు, ఆత్మీయులుగా, ఆమె రక్షణ కవచం మరియు పూజాపీఠం. ఆమె సహాయంతో వారు ఆమెను కీర్తి, ప్రతిష్టల ముందు తిరిగి ఉంచుతారు. బ్రిటీషు వారి క్రూరత్వం, నిరంకుశంకు వ్యతిరేకంగా మరియు స్వాతంత్య్రం సాధించుటకును భారతీయులందరూ వారే పరస్పర వ్యత్యాసాలు మరచి పోవాలి అంటుంది ఐకమత్యంతో పోరాడాలి.

d) What do the children of all creeds promise their mother separately and collectively?
Answer:
The patriotic lyric, “Awake” is written by Sarojini Naidu, the nightingale of India. The poetess says that the children of old creeds promise their mother that they would serve her with devotion to the best of their ability. The Hindus Assure her that they will worship her usual.

The parsees will dedicate the fire of hope burning in their hearts to her service. The muslims will defend her with the sword of their love. The christians convince her that they will show the same devotion and faith in her as they have in Jesus and Mary.

Having assured her separately of their devotion, love and faith followers of different religions call upon their great mother, their queen and their goddess to listen to their prayer and rise from her current sleep they promise her that their united and collective efforts will succeed to set her free from the chains of bondage.

దేశభక్తి గీతం ‘మేల్కొను’ భారత గాన కోకిలచే రచింపబడింది. వారి శక్తి కొలది అంకిత భావంతో భరతమాతకు సేవచేస్తామని, ఆమెకై పోరాడతామని, అన్ని మతాల వారు వారి తల్లి (భరతమాత)కి ప్రతిజ్ఞ చేసారని కవి చెప్తుంది. హిందువులు వారి సహజమైన పద్ధతిలోనే పూలతో ఆమెను పూజిస్తామని చెప్తున్నారు. ఆమె సేవకు పార్శీనులు వారి హృదయాల్లోని ఆశాజ్యోతిని ఆమెకు అంకితం చేస్తామన్నారు. వారి ప్రేమ భక్తి ఖడ్గంతో ఆమెను కాపాడుకుంటామని ముస్లీంలు మారుస్తున్నారు. క్రీస్తు మరియు మేరిమాత పలు చూపిన విశ్వాసం, భక్తినే ఆమెపట్ల చూపుతామంటున్నారు.

క్రిస్టియన్లు వారి భక్తి ప్రేమ మరియు వివ్వాసం గురించి ఆమెకు విడివిడిగా హామీ ఇవ్వడంతో, వివిధ మతాల అనుచరులు తమ గొప్ప తల్లిని వారి రాణిని మరియు దేవతను తమ ప్రార్థనను వినాలని మరియు ఆమె ప్రస్తుత నిద్ర నుండి లేవాలని పిలుపునిచ్చారు. ఆమెను భానిస బంధాల నుండి విముక్తి చేయడానికి తమ ఐక్య మరియు సమిష్టి ప్రయత్నాలు సఫలమవుతాయని వారు ఆమెకు (భరతమాతకు) హామీఇచ్చారు.

Awake Summary in English

About Author

Sarojini Naidu (13 February 1879 2 March 1949)was an Indian political activist and poet. A proponent of civil rights, women’s emancipation, and anti-imperialistic ideas, she was an important person in India’s struggle for independence from colonial rule. Naidu’s work as a poet earned her the sobriquet ‘the Nightingale of India’, or ‘Bharat Kokila’ by Mahatma Gandhi because of colour, imagery and lyrical quality of her poetry.

Few of his notable works in English:

1905: The Golden Threshold, London: William Heineman[18]
1917: The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and the Spring[19]
1961: The Feather of the Dawn, edited by Padmaja Naidu, Bombay: Asia Publishing House

The poem,”Awake” is written by Sarojini Naidu, the Nightingale of India. It is a patriotic Song. It is the last poem in the first section of “The Broken wing: Songs of Love”. It is dedicated to Mohammad Ali Jinnah, a trusted friend of Sarojini Naidu, It was revived at the Indian National Congress Meetings in Bombay, 1915. In this poem, the worshippers of all Indian religions are brought together to the alfar of mother India to hail her as a “Queen” and a “Goddess”.

It conveys the idea that mother India could be awakened from her slumber and emancipated from her bondage by the united efforts of her sons. To get Independence from the British rule Indians must forget their religions and communal differences and rise like one against the British tyranny. It is a call for unity and action.

In the first stanza, the poetess speaks on behalf of the children of India who implore her to awake from her sleep and who worship her and are ready to serve her. She must lead their prays the dark night of slavery is now about with the hope of freedom. She must awake and cut the chains of slavery which cause so much grief to her children. Their hands will be purified by her blessings. So, that their holy cause may triumph.

They are the true children of their beloved Bharata Mata, and they have inherited her own pride and her own moral and spiritual courage. They will never fail to protect her. Thus will never desert her and they will ever sing the story of her greatness and glory. Their united efforts make her great and stories once again. Such as the dedication of her children and she must respond to their call.

In the next four lines, the followers of different Indian religions assure her that they would serve her with devotion to the best of their ability. The Hindus assure her that they will always worship her as they have been doing so far the parsees assure her that the fire of hope burning on their hearts will be dedicated to her service. The musalmans assure her that they would defend her with the sword of their love. The Christians assure her that they will show the same devotion and faith in their as they have in Jesus and Mary.

In the last two lines, having assured her separately of their devotion and service, the followers of all the different religions call upon their great mother, their green and their goddess to listen to their prayer and awake from her present slumber. Their fearless united and devoted efforts shall certainly be sufficient to free her from her present bondage. The lyrics a soul – stirring call for unity and action. It came from the heart of the poetess and so goes straight to the hearts of her readers.

Awake Summary in Telugu

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

“మేల్కొను” అను కావ్యం భారత గానకోకిల సరోజినీ నాయుడుచే రచింపబడింది. ఇది దేశభక్తి గీతం “The Broken Wing: Songs of Love” యొక్క మొదటి విభాగంలో ఇది చివరి పద్య౦. ఇది సరోజినీ నాయుడు యొక్క నమ్మకమైన స్నేహితుడు, మహ్మద్ ఆలీ జిన్నా కు అంకితం చేయబడింది. ఇవి 1915లో బోంబేలో జరిగిన జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్ సమావేశంలో పఠించబడింది. ఈ పద్య౦లో అన్ని భారతీయ మతాల ఆరాధనలు ఆమెను (భరతమాతను) రాణిగా మరియు దేవతగా కీర్తించడానికి భారతమాత యొక్క బలిపీఠం వద్దకు తీసుకురాబడ్డారు.

ఆమె కుమారుల పెక్కు ప్రయత్నాల ద్వారా భారతమాత తను నిద్ర నుండి మేల్కొనబడుతుందని మరియు ఆమె బానిసత్వం నుండి విముక్తి పొందగలదనే ఆలోచనను ఇది తెలియజేస్తుంది. బ్రిటీషు పాలన నుండి స్వాతంత్ర్యం పొందడానికి భారతీయులు తమ మతాలు మరియు మతభేదాలను మరచిపోయి బ్రిటీష్ దౌర్జన్యానికి వ్యతిరేఖంగా ఒక్కటిగా ఎదగాలి. ఐక్యత మరియు కార్యచరణకు ఇది పిలుపు.

మొదటి చరణంలో, కవయిత్రి తన నిద్ర నుండి మేల్కొనమని మరియు ఆమెను ఆరాధించి మరియు ఆమెకు సేవచేయడానికి సిద్ధంగా ఉన్న భారతమాత ముద్దుబిడ్డల తరుపున మాట్లాడుతుంది. ఆమె వారి ప్రార్థనను వినాలి. బానిసత్వం యొక్క చీకటి రాత్రి ఇప్పుడు స్వేచ్ఛ, స్వాతంత్య్రపు యొక్క ఆశతో ఉంది. ఆమె మేల్కొని తన పిల్లలకు చాలా దుఃఖం కలిగించే బానిసత్వపు గొలుసులను తెంచుకోవాలి. ఆమె ఆశీర్వాదం ద్వారా వారి చేతులు శుద్ధి చేయబడతాయి, తద్వారా వారి పవిత్రమైన కారణాన్ని విజయవంతం చేస్తారు.

ప్రియమైన భరతమాత యొక్క నిజమైన బిడ్డలు వారు మరియు ఆమె హుందా మరియు ఆమె నీతివంతమైన మరియు ఆధ్యాత్మిక ధైర్యాన్ని వారసత్వంగా వారు పునికి పుచ్చుకున్నారు. ఆమెను రక్షించుటలో వారు ఎన్నడూ విఫలమవ్వరు. వారు ఆమెను ఎన్నడూ త్యజించరు మరియు ఆమె కీర్తి మరియు గొప్పతనం గురించి ఎల్లప్పుడూ స్తుతిస్తారు. వారి యొక్క పెక్కు ప్రయత్నాలు తిరిగి ఆమెను కీర్తివంతం చేస్తాయి. అలాంటి అంకితభావానికి, ఆమె వారి పిలుపుకి ప్రతిస్పందించాలి.

తర్వాత నాల్గు శ్రేణుల్లో, వివిధ భారతీయ మతాల ఆరాధకులు వారి శక్తికొలది అంకితభావంతో ఆమెకు సేవ చేస్తామని నమ్మకంగా చెప్తున్నారు. ఇప్పటి వరకూ ఎలా పూజించారో అలానే ఆమెను ఎల్లప్పుడూ పూజిస్తారని నొక్కి చెప్తున్నారు హిందువులు. ఆమె సేవకు, పాటకు వారి హృదయాల్లోని ఆశాజ్యోతిని ఆమెకు అంకితం చేస్తామన్నారు. వారి ప్రేమ, భక్తి ఖడ్గంతో ఆమెను కాపాడుకుంటామని ముస్లీములు నొక్కి చెప్తున్నారు. క్రీస్తు మరియు మేరిమాత పట్ల చూపిన విశ్వాసం, భక్తినే ఆమె పట్ల చూపుతున్నామంటున్నారు క్రిష్టియన్లు.

చివరి రెండు శ్రేణుల్లో, వారి భక్తి, ప్రేమ, విశ్వాసం గురించి ఆమెకు విడివిడిగా హామీ ఇవ్వడంతో వివిధ మతాల ఆరాధనలు తమ గొప్ప తల్లివి, వారి రాణిని మరియు దేవతను తమ ప్రార్థనను వినాలని మరియు ఆమె ప్రస్తుత నిద్ర నుండి లేవాలని పిలుపునిచ్చారు. ప్రస్తుత బానిసత్వం నుండి ఆమెను విముక్తి చేయుటకు, వారి నిర్భయ ఐక్య మరియు అంకిత ప్రయత్నాలు సరిపోతాయి కాబట్టి, ఇవి కార్యచరణ మరియు ఐక్యత కోసం ఇది మనస్సును కరిగించే అభ్యర్ధన. ఇది కవయిత్రి మనస్సు నుండి వస్తుంది మరియు పాఠకుల హృదయాలకి నేరుగా వెళ్ళింది.

Awake Summary in Hindi

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

‘अवेक’ नामक कविता भारत को किला सरोजिनी नायडु से लिखी गई है । वह देशभक्ति गीत है । यह “द ब्रोकेन विंग’ : ‘सांग्स ऑफ़ लव’ के अंतिम खंट की आखनी कविता है । यह सरोजिनी नायडु के विश्वासनीय मित्र मुहम्मद अली जिन्ना को समर्पित है । 1915 में बंबई में भारतीय कांग्रेस की बैठक में गाया गया । इस कविता में भारत माता को रानी और देवता के रूप में परिवर्तितकर उसे अभिवादन करने के लिए भारतीय सभी धर्मों के उपासकों को एकता में लाया गया ।

यह इस विचार को व्यक्त करता है कि भारतमाता को नींद से जगाया जा सके और आपनी संतानों के सम्मिलित प्रयास से अपने दास्य बंधन से मुक्त किया जा सके । ब्रिटिशशासन से स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त करने के लिए । भारतीयों को अपने धर्मों, सांप्रदायिक संघर्ष करना चाहिए । यह एकता और क्रिया का आहवान है ।

परले छंद में, कवयित्री भारत के बच्चों की ओर से कहती हैं, जो भारत माता के उसकी नींद से जगाते हैं, जो उसकी पूजा करते हैं, और जो उसकी सेवा करने तैयार होते हैं । दासता का घोर अंधकार को दूर करने और स्वतंत्रता की आशा करने के लिए उसे बच्चों को बहुत परेषानी होती है । उसके आशईर्वात से उसके बच्चों के बहुत परेशानी होती है । उसके आशीर्वाद से उसके बच्चों के हाथ शुद्ध हो जाएँगे ताकि उनके पवित्र उद्देश्य की निजय हो सके ।

वे अपने प्यारी भारढकतमाता के सच्चे बच्चे हैं ओर उनमें उसका अहम अभिमान है और उसके नैतिक मूल्य हैं और आध्यात्मिक साहस है। उसकी रक्षा में वे कभी असफल नहीं होते । वे उसे कभी नहीं छोडेंगे। वे उसकी महानता और महिमा की कहानी गाएँके । उनके सम्मिलित प्रयास फिरसे उसकी महानता और चमक प्रदान करते हैं । उसकी संतानों का समर्पण एसा ही है । उसे उनके निमंत्रण की प्रतिक्रिया दिखानी चाहिए ।

यह गीत एकता और प्रतिक्रिया की आत्म प्रेरित पुकार है । यह कवियत्री के हृदय से निकला है और उसके पाठकों के हृदयों में सीधा घुसता हैं ।

Meanings and Explanations

waken (v) (వెయికన్)/ weɪ.kən/ : wake from sleep : నిద్ర నుండి మేలు కొలుపు, भारतीय

thy(adj) / (మీ యొక్క)/ ðaɪ/ : your : మీ యొక్క (old and poetic form of you), प्रार्थना करना, विनती करना

implore(v)/(ఇంప్లో (ర్))/ɪm’plɔ:r/ : request, plead: విన్నవించుకొను : तु, तुम

thee (pron)/ (దీ)/θri:/ : you : మిమ్ము (old from ‘you’) ; घुटने टेकना

kneel (v)/ (నీల్) /ni:l/ : rest on one’s bent knees : మోకాళ్ళను నేలకు ఆనించి వాని ఆధారంగా కూర్చొను, (భక్తిని సూచిస్తూ ), पूजा करना, प्रेम करना

adore (v) (అడో(ర్)) /ədɔ:r/ : worship; ఆరాధించు, పూజించు, शरमाना, उत्साह से लाल होना

aflush(adj) /(అప్లష్)/ə’fl\(\Lambda \int\) : red with excitement ; ఆనందంతో ఎర్రబారిన : बंधन, गुलामी

morrow(n)/ (మోర ఉ)/ ‘mɒr.əʊ/ : tomorrow (poetic form) : काटना, भागों में बाँटना

thou (pron)/ (దౌ) //ðaʊ / : మీరు, दुःख, बाधाएँ

bondage (n)/ (బొండిజ్)/’bɒn.dɪdʒ/ : Slavery : బానిసత్యము; బంధము, गुलाम बनाना, अधीनस्थ बनाना, विनम्र बनाना

sever(n) / (సెవ(ర్)) /’sev.ər/ : cut, tear : కోసివేయు; త్రుంచు ; पवित्र बनाना

woes(n-pl): (వఉజ్)) : troubles /wəʊz/: కష్టములు, शानदार जीत

enthral(v)(also-enthrall)(ఇన్ త్రోల్ ) : /ɪn’θrɔ:l/ :make slaves ; బానిసలుగా చేయు ; bound ; బంధించు, निकट भविष्य में हम उसे हासिल करते हैं ।

hallow (v) : (హ్యాల ఉ) /’hæl.əʊ/ : sanctify; make pious : పవిత్రము చేయు, अधिकार के रूप में कुछ लेना था प्राप्त करना

triumphs(n-pl)/ (టై అమ్ ఫ్ జ్) /’traɪ.əmf/ : successes : విజయములు, कई अलग- अलग प्रकार के :

thine (pron)/(దైన్)/ ðaɪn/ : your’s (old form) మీవారము ; మీవి, गर्व – प्रसन्न या संतुष्ट होने की भावना); व्यकित-निष्ठा

inherit(v)/ (ఇన్ హెరిట్)/ɪn’her.ɪt/ : receive something as a right : వారసత్వముగా, హక్కుగా పొందు ; त्यागः छोड़ देना, छूटना

manifold(adj) : (మ్యానిఫ ఉల్డ్ )/(mæn.ɪ.fəʊld/ : of various types; हिलना, असफल होना

forsake(v)/(ఫ(ర్)సె ఇక్) /fɔ:seɪk/ : leave: వదిలివేయు, सुरक्षात्मक हिस्सा, बचाव की बात

falter (y)! (ఫ(ర్)సె ఇక్)/’fɒl.tər/ : fail : విఫలమగు, తప్పచేయు, स्तेमाल की जानेवाली एक सपाट संरचना

shield (n) (ఫోల్లట (ర్))/ʃi:ld/ : something that protects : ఆదారణంగా ఉండునది, महान राष्ट्रों की प्रथम पंक्ति में

altar(n) (షీల్ డ్ ) / ɔ:l.tə(r)/ : pieous place in temples : గర్భ గుడి పవిత్ర స్థలము, ताज पहनाय

dauntless (adj) / (డోంట్ లస్) /dɔ:nt.ləs/ : fearless : నిర్భయంగా, विश्वास, भरोसा

avails (v) / (అవె ఇల్)/ ‘əveɪl/ : serve : assist : సేవించు, సహాయపడు, निर्भय भक्ति

hearken (v) / (హా (ర్)కన్) / ‘ha:kən/ : listen విను, सुनाना

hail (v) (హెయిల్) /heɪl/ : call, salute : పిలుచు, గౌరవించు, स्वागत, निमंत्रण

Students must practice these Maths 2A Important Questions TS Inter Second Year Maths 2A Probability Important Questions Short Answer Type to help strengthen their preparations for exams.

TS Inter Second Year Maths 2A Probability Important Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
If four fair coins are tossed simultaneously then find the probability that two heads and 2 tails appear. [Mar. ’02, ,01]
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
4 coins are tossed simultaneously then total no. of ways = 2⁴ = 16.
∴ n(S) = 16
Let, A be the event of getting two heads and two tails then n(A) = \({ }^4 C_2=\frac{4.3}{1.2}\) = 6
[HHTT, HTHT, HTTH, THTH, TTHH, THHT]
∴ Probability of getting 2 heads and 2 tails is P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{6}{16}=\frac{3}{8}\).

Question 2.
Find the probability that a non-leap year contains
I) 53 Sundays
II) 52 Sundays only [Mar. ’12, ’09]
Solution:
A non-leap year contains 365 days in which there are 52 weeks and one day extra.
52 weeks contains 52 × 7 = 364 days and
left out one day may be either Sunday, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri or Sat.
∴ n(S) = 7
I) For a non-leap year to contain 53 Sundays, we have only one possibility to the have 365th day, a Sunday.
∴ n(A) = i
∴ Probability of getting 53 Sundays in a non-leap year is P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{1}{7}\)

II) For a non-leap year to contain 52 Sundays we have 6 possibilities for 365th day be a day other than Sunday.
∴ n(A) = 6
∴ Probability of getting 52 Sundays in a non-leap year is P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{6}{7}\).

Question 3.
For any two events A and B show that P(\(\mathbf{A}^c \cap \mathbf{B}^{\mathrm{c}}\)) = 1 + P(A ∩ B) – P(A) – P(B). [March ’05]
Solution:
Let A, B are any two sets.
then \(\mathbf{A}^c \cap \mathbf{B}^{\mathrm{c}}\) = \((A \cup B)^c\)
LHS = \(\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{A}^{\mathrm{c}} \cap \mathrm{B}^{\mathrm{c}}\right)\)
= \(\left[(A \cup B)^c\right]\)
= 1 – P(A ∪ B)
= 1 – [P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)]
= 1 + P(A ∩ B) – P(A) – P(B) = RHS
∴ \(\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{A}^{\mathrm{c}} \cap \mathrm{B}^{\mathrm{c}}\right)\) = 1 + P(A ∩ B) – P(A) – P(B).

Question 4.
Two persons A and B are rolling a die on the condition that the person who gets 3 will win the game. If A starts the game, then find the probabilities of A and respectively to win the game. [TS – May 2015; Board Paper]
Solution:
Two persons A and B rolling a die.
P = Probability of getting 3 = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
q = 1 – p
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{6}\) = \(\frac{5}{6}\)
Probability of success, P = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
Probability of failure, q = \(\frac{5}{6}\)
‘A’ may win the game in either in I trial or in III trial or V trial etc.
Probability of A win = p + qqp + qqqqp + …………..
= p + q²p + q⁴p + …………..
= p(1 + q² + q⁴ + …………….. )
= p\(\left(\frac{1}{1-q^2}\right)\) (∵ S_∞ = \(\frac{a}{1-r}\))
= \(\frac{p}{1-q^2}\)
= \(\frac{\frac{1}{6}}{1-\frac{25}{36}}=\frac{\frac{1}{6}}{\frac{36-25}{36}}=\frac{\frac{1}{6}}{\frac{11}{36}}=\frac{6}{11}\)
Probability of B win = 1 – P(A)
P(B) = 1 – \(\frac{6}{11}\) = \(\frac{5}{11}\)
P(A) = \(\frac{6}{11}\),
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{5}{11}\)

Question 5.
A, B, C are three newspapers from a city. 20% of the population read A, 16% read B, 14% read C, 8% both A and B, 5% both A and C, 4% both B and C and 2% all the three. Find the percentage of the population who read atleast one newspaper.
Solution:
A, B, C are three newspapers from a city.
Given, P(A) = \(\frac{20}{100}\)
P(B) = \(\frac{16}{100}\)
P(C) = \(\frac{14}{100}\)
P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{8}{100}\)
P(B ∩ C) = \(\frac{4}{100}\)
P(C ∩ A) = \(\frac{5}{100}\)
P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = \(\frac{2}{100}\)
∴ The percentage of the population who read atleast one newspaper,
P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(A ∩ B) – P(B ∩ C) – P(A ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= \(\frac{20}{100}+\frac{16}{100}+\frac{14}{100}-\frac{8}{100}-\frac{4}{100}-\frac{5}{100}+\frac{2}{100}\)
= \(\frac{20+16+14-8-4-5+2}{100}=\frac{35}{100}\)
∴ 35% readers read atleast one newspaper.

Question 6.
If two numbers are selected randomly from 20 consecutIve natural numbers. Find the probability that the sum of the two numbers is
I) an even number
II) an odd number. [March 2008]
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
No. of ways of selecting 2 numbers from 20 numbers
n(S) = \({ }^{20} C_2=\frac{20 \times 19}{1 \times 2}\) = 190

I) Let, A be the event that the sum of the numbers is even. When two numbers are selected at random from 20 consecutive natural numbers.
Since, the sum of two numbers is even if the numbers are both even or both odd.
∴ n(A) = \({ }^{10} C_2+{ }^{10} C_2\)
= \(\frac{10 \times 9}{2 \times 1}+\frac{10 \times 9}{2 \times 1}\)
= 45 + 45 = 90

II) The probability that the sum of 2 numbers is odd = probability of \(\overline{\mathrm{A}}\)
= P(\(\overline{\mathrm{A}}\)) = 1 – P(A)
= 1 – \(\frac{9}{19}\)
= \(\frac{10}{19}\) OR
The sum of two numbers is odd if one is even and the other number is odd.
n(\(\overline{\mathrm{A}}\)) = \({ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_1 \cdot{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 100
P(\(\overline{\mathrm{A}}\)) = \(\frac{n(\bar{A})}{n(S)}=\frac{100}{190}=\frac{10}{19}\)

Question 7.
The probability for a contractor to get a road contract is \(\frac{2}{3}\) and to get a building contract is \(\frac{5}{9}\). The probability to get atleast one contract is \(\frac{4}{5}\). Find the probability that he get both the contracts. [TS – Mar. 2019; AP – Mar. 2016]
Solution:
Let A is the event of getting a road contract.
B is the event of getting a building contract.
Given, the probability for a contractor to get a road contract is P(A) = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
The probability for a contractor to get a building contract is P(B) = \(\frac{5}{9}\)
The probability to get atleast one contract is P (A ∪ B)= \(\frac{4}{5}\)
The probabiLity that he gets both the contracts is P(A ∪ B) = ?
By addition on probability,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
\(\frac{4}{5}\) = \(\frac{2}{3}\) + \(\frac{5}{9}\) – P(A ∩ B)
P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{2}{3}+\frac{5}{9}-\frac{4}{5}=\frac{11}{9}-\frac{4}{5}\)
= \(\frac{55-36}{45}=\frac{19}{45}\).

Question 8.
In a committee of 25 members, each member is proficient either in mathematics or in statistics or in both. If 19 of these are proficient in mathematics, 16 in Statistics, find the probability that a person selected from the committee is proficient in both. [TS – Mar. 2016; Mar. ‘94]
Solution:
Let, ‘S be the sample space.
When a person is choosen at random from committee consisting of 25 members then
n(S) = \({ }^{25} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 25
Let, A be the event that the person is proficient in mathematics n(A) = \({ }^{19} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 19
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{19}{25}\)
Let, B be the event that the person is proficient in statistics n(B) = \({ }^{16} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 16
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{n(B)}{n(S)}=\frac{16}{25}\)
[Since, 19 are proficient in mathematics and 16 are proficient in statistics]
Since, everyone is either proficient in mathematics or statistics or both then A ∪ B = S
P(A ∪ B) = P(S)
P(A ∪ B) = 1
P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B) = 1
\(\frac{19}{25}+\frac{16}{25}\) – P(A ∩ B) = 1
\(\frac{35}{25}\) – P (A ∩ B) = 1
\(\frac{7}{5}\) – P (A ∩ B) = 1
∴ P (A ∩ B) = \(\frac{7}{5}\) – 1 = \(\frac{2}{5}\).

Question 9.
A, B, C are 3 horses in a race. The probability of A to win the race is twice that of B, and probability of B is twice that of C. What are the probabilities of A, B and C to win the race? [TS- Mar. ‘18 March 14, ‘13, ‘99; May ‘14, ’09, 07; AP – Mar. ’19]
Solution:
Let A. B, C be the events that the horses A, B, C win the race respectively.
Given that, the probability of A to win the race is twice that of B.
∴ P(A) = 2P(B)
⇒ P(B) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) [P(A)]
The probability of B to win the race is twice that of C.
P(B) = 2P(C)
⇒ P(C) = [P(B)]
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) [\(\frac{1}{2}\) [P(A)]]
= \(\frac{1}{4}\) [P(A)]
Since, the horses A, B and C run the race A ∪ B ∪ C = S and A, B, C are mutually disjoint.
P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = P(S)
P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 1
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) =1
P(A) + \(\frac{1}{2}\) P(A) + \(\frac{1}{4}\) P(A) = 1
P(A) [1 + \(\frac{1}{2}\) + \(\frac{1}{4}\)] = 1
P(A) [latex]\frac{4+2+1}{4}[/latex] = 1
P(A) \(\frac{7}{4}\) = 1
P(A) = \(\frac{4}{7}\)
P(A) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) P(A)
= \(\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{4}{7}=\frac{2}{7}\)
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{2}{7}\)
P(C) = \(\frac{1}{4}\) P(A)
= \(\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{4}{7}=\frac{1}{7}\)
P(C) = \(\frac{1}{7}\)
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{4}{7}\), P(B) = \(\frac{2}{7}\), P(C) = \(\frac{1}{7}\).

Question 10.
A bag contaIns 12 two rupee coins, 7 one rupee coins and 4 half rupee coins. If three coins are selected at random, then find the probability that
I) the sum of 3 coins is maximum
II) the sum of 3 coins is minimum
III) each coin is of different value. [March ‘07]
Solution:
In a bag, there are 12 two rupee coins, 7 one rupee coins and 4 half rupee coins.
Total no. of coins = 12 + 7 + 4 = 23
Let, ‘S’ be the sample space.
Total no. of ways of drawing 3 coins from 23 coins is n(S) = \({ }^{23} \mathrm{C}_3\)
I) We get maximum amount with the coins of two rupee coins.
∴ No. of ways of drawing 3 two rupee coins = \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C}_3\)
∴ n(A) = \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C}_3\)
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{{ }^{12} \mathrm{C}_3}{{ }^{23} \mathrm{C}_3}\)

II) We get minimum amount if 3 coins are half rupee coins.
∴ No. of ways of drawing 3-half rupee coins = \({ }^4 \mathrm{C}_3\)
∴ n(B) = \({ }^4 \mathrm{C}_3\)
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{B})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{{ }^4 \mathrm{C}_3}{{ }^{23} \mathrm{C}_3}\)

III) Each coin is of different value then we must draw one coin in each.
This can be done in \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C}_1 \cdot{ }^7 \mathrm{C}_1 \cdot{ }^4 \mathrm{C}_1\) ways
∴ n(C) = \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C}_1 \cdot{ }^7 \mathrm{C}_1 \cdot{ }^4 \mathrm{C}_1\)
= 12 × 7 × 4
∴ P(C) = \(\frac{n(C)}{n(S)}=\frac{12 \times 7 \times 4}{{ }^{23} C_3}\)

Question 11.
Two dice are thrown. Find the probability of getting the same iiumber ou both the faces.
Solution:
Let, ‘S’ be the sample space.
The total no.of ways of rolling two dice is n(S) = 6² = 36
Let A be the event of getting the same number on both the faces of the two dice then A = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ n(A) = 6
∴ The probability of getting the same number on both the face
P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}\).

Question 12.
An integer is picked from 1 to 20, both inclusive. Find the probability that is a prime.
Solution:
Let ‘S’ be the sample space.
Total no.of ways of selecting one number from 20 numbers is n(S) = \({ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 20
Let, A be the event of getting a prim number then A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
∴ n(A) = 8
∴ The probability of a selected number be a prime is P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{8}{20}=\frac{2}{5}\).

Question 13.
A bag contains 4 red balls, 5 black balls and 6 blue balls. Find the probability that 2 balls drawn at random simultaneously from the black are a red and black ball.
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
Total no.of balls = 15 (4 + 5 + 6)
Total no.of ways of drawing 2 balls from 15 balls is
n(S) = \({ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_2\)
= \(\frac{15.14}{2 \times 1}\)
= 15 × 7 = 105
Let, A be the event of getting a red and a black ball in a draw.
n(A) = \({ }^4 \mathrm{C}_1 \cdot{ }^5 \mathrm{C}_1\)
= 4 × 5 = 20
∴ Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{20}{105}=\frac{4}{21}\).

Question 14.
Ten dice are thrown. Find the probability that none of the dice shows the number one.
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space that ten dice are rolled.
n(S) = 6.6 ………….. 6 (10 times) = 6¹⁰
Let, A be the event of not getting a number 1 on the face of the dice.
n(A) = 5 . 5 …………………. 5 (10 times) = 5¹⁰
Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{5^{10}}{6^{10}}=\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^{10}\)

Question 15.
A number ‘x’ is drawn arbitrarly from the set {1, 2, ……………. 100}. Find the Probability that x + \(\frac{1}{x}\) is greater than 29. [AP – May 2015]
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
Total no. of ways of selecting one number from 100 numbers is
n(S) = \({ }^{100} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 100
Let A be the event that x is selected at random from the set,
S = {1, 2, 3 , …………………, 100} has the property
x + \(\frac{100}{x}\) > 29
\(\frac{x^2+100}{x}\) > 29
x² + 100 > 29x
x² – 29x + 100 > 0
x² – 4x – 25x + 100 > 0
x (x – 4) – 25 (x – 4) > 0
(x – 4) (x – 25) > 0
x < 4 or x > 25
∴ A = {1, 2, 3, 26, 27, …………….., 100}
n(A) = 78
∴ Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{78}{100}\) = 0.78.

Question 16.
A fair coin is tossed 200 times. Find the probability of getting a head an odd number of times.
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
The total no.of ways a fair coin is tossed 200 times.
n(S) = 2²⁰⁰
Let, A be the event of getting a head an odd number of times then
n(A) = \(200 c_1+200 c_3+200 c_5+\ldots \ldots \ldots+200 c_{199}\)
= 2^100-1 [2^n-1]
= 2¹⁹⁹
∴ Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{2^{199}}{2^{200}}=\frac{1}{2}\).

Question 17.
A and B are among 20 persons who sit at random along a round table. Find the probability that there are any 6 persons
between A and B.
Solution:
Let S be the sample space.
Let A occupy any seat at the round table then there are 19 seats left for B.
∴ n(S) = 19
Let E be the event if 6 persons are to be seated between A and B then B has only two ways to sit.
∴ Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{2}{19}\)

Question 18.
Out of 30 consecutive Integers, two integers are drawn at random. Find the probability that their sum is odd.
Solution:
Let S’ be the sample space.
The total no. of ways of choosing two integers out of 30 is n(S) = \({ }^{30} \mathrm{C}_2\)
Out of the 30 numbers, 15 are even and 15 are odd.
If the sum of the two numbers is to be odd, one should be even and other is odd.
Hence, the no.of cases favourable to the required event is n(A) = \({ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_1 \cdot{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_1\)
∴ The required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_1 \cdot{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{30} \mathrm{C}_2}=\frac{\frac{15.15}{30 \times 29}}{2 \times 1}=\frac{15}{29}\).

Question 19.
Find the probability of throwing a total score of 7 with two dice. [May ’08]
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
The total no. of ways of rolling two dice
∴ n(S) = 6² = 36
Let, A’ be the event of getting a total score of 7 with two dice then
A = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)}
∴ n(A) = 6
∴ Probability of throwing a total score of 7 with 2 dice is P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}\).

Question 20.
Find the probability of obtaining two tails and one head when three coins are tossed.
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
The total no. of ways three coins are tossed,
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
∴ n(S) = 8
Let, A be the event of getting two tails and a head when three coins are tossed then
A = {HTT, THT, TTH}
∴ n(A) = 3
∴ The required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{3}{8}\).

Question 21.
A page is opened at random from a book containing 200 pages. What is the prob ability that the number oil the page is a perfect square? [May ’12]
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
The total no.of ways selecting a page from 200 pages is n(S) = \({ }^{200} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 200
Let A be the event of drawing a page whose number is a perfect square.
A = {1², 2², 3², 4², 5², 6², 7², 8², 9², 10², 11², 12², 13², 14²}
∴ n(A) = 14
∴ Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{14}{200}=\frac{7}{100}\).

Question 22.
Find the probability of drawing an ace or a spade from a well – shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. [TS – Mar. 2015]
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
Total no. cards in the pack = 52
∴ n(S) = \({ }^{52} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 52
If A is the event of getting an ace card then
n(A) = \({ }^4 \mathrm{C}_1\) = 4
∴ Probability of getting an ace card,
P(A) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{4}{52}=\frac{1}{13}\)
If B is the event of getting a spade card then n(B) = \({ }^{13} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 13
∴ Probability of getting a spade card,
P(B) = \(\frac{n(B)}{n(S)}=\frac{13}{52}=\frac{1}{4}\)
A ∩ B is common to the events A, B. There is a spade, ace.
∴ n(A ∩ B) = \({ }^1 C_1\) = 1
probability of getting A ∩ B is P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{n(A \cap B)}{n(S)}=\frac{1}{52}\)
By addition theorem on probability,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= \(\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{52}\)
= \(\frac{4+13-1}{52}=\frac{8}{52}=\frac{4}{13}\)

Question 23.
A and B are events with P(A) 0.5, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.3. Find the probability that
I) A does not occurs
II) Neither A nor B occurs [AP – Mar. ‘18, TS – Mar.’17 March ‘10]
Solution:
A and B are two events
Given that, P(A) = 0.5.
P(B) = 0.4, P(A ∩ B) = 0.3
I) The probability that A does not occur = P(\(\overline{\mathrm{A}}\))
= 1 – P(A)
= 1 – 0.5 = 0.5.

II) The probability that neither A nor B occurs = \(P(A \cup B)^C\)
= 1 – P(A ∪ B)
= 1 – [P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)]
= 1 – [0.5 + 0.4 – 0.3]
= 1 – 0.6 = 0.4.

Question 24.
If A, B, C are three events, show that P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(A ∩ B) – P(B ∩ C) – P(C ∩ A) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C). [AP – Mar. 2015, AP – May 2016]
Solution:
A, B, C are three events
L.H.S = P(A ∪ B ∪ C)
= P(A) + P(B ∪ C) – P[A ∩ (B ∪ C)]
= P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(B ∩ C) – P[(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)]
= P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(B ∩ C) – [P(A ∩ B) + P(A ∩ C) – P[(A ∩ B) ∩ (A ∩ C)]]
= P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(B ∩ C) – P(A ∩ B) – P(C ∩ A) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(A ∩ B) – P(B ∩ C) – P(C ∩ A) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= RHS
∴ P(A ∪ B∪ C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(A ∩ B) – P(B ∩ C) – P(C ∩ A) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C).

Question 25.
Three screws are drawn at random from a lot of 50 screws, five of which are defective. Find the probability of the event that all 3 screws are nondefective. Assuming that the drawing is
a) with replacement
b) without replacement.
Solution:
Let, ‘S’ be the sample space.
The total no. of screws = 50
The no.of defective screws = 5
The no.of non-defective screws = 45
Let A be the event of getting 3 screws which are non-defective.
a) With replacement:
P(A) = \(\frac{{ }^{45} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{50} \mathrm{C}_1} \cdot \frac{{ }^{45} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{50} \mathrm{C}_1} \cdot \frac{{ }^{45} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{50} \mathrm{C}_1}\)
= \(\frac{45}{50} \cdot \frac{45}{50} \cdot \frac{45}{50}=\left(\frac{9}{10}\right)^3\)
∴ P(A) = \(\left(\frac{9}{10}\right)^3\)

b) without replacement:
P(A) = \(\frac{{ }^{45} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{50} \mathrm{C}_1} \cdot \frac{{ }^{44} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{49} \mathrm{C}_1} \cdot \frac{{ }^{43} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{48} \mathrm{C}_1}\)
= \(\frac{45}{50} \cdot \frac{44}{49} \cdot \frac{43}{48}=\frac{1419}{1960}\)

Question 26.
There are 3 black and 4 white balls in one bag, 4 black and 3 whIte balls In the second bag A die is rolled and the first bag is selected if the die shows up 1 or 3, and the second bag for the rest. Find the probability of drawing a black ball from the bag thus selected. [March ‘09]
Solution:
Probability of selecting I bag = \(\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Probabthty of selecting II bag 1 – \(\frac{1}{3}\) = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Probability of getting a black ball from I bag = \(\frac{{ }^3 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^7 \mathrm{C}_1}=\frac{3}{7}\)
Probability of getting a black ball from II bag = \(\frac{{ }^4 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^7 \mathrm{C}_1}=\frac{4}{7}\)
∴ The probability of drawing a black ball = \(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{3}{7}+\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{7}\)
= \(\frac{1}{7}+\frac{8}{21}\)
= \(\frac{3+8}{21}=\frac{11}{21}\).

Question 27.
A, B, C are aiming to shoot a balloon. A will succeed 4 times out of 5 attempts. The chance of B to shoot the balloori is 3 out of 4 and that of C is 2 out of three. If the 3 aim the balloon simultaneously, then find the probability that atleast two of them hit the balloon.
Solution:
Given that,
P(A) = \(\frac{4}{5}\), P(B) = \(\frac{3}{4}\), P(C) = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
P(\(\overline{\mathrm{A}}\)) = 1 – P(A)
= 1 – \(\frac{4}{5}\) = \(\frac{1}{5}\)
P(\(\overline{\mathrm{B}}\)) = 1 – P(B)
= 1 – \(\frac{3}{4}\) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
P(\(\overline{\mathrm{C}}\)) = 1 – P(C)
= 1 – \(\frac{2}{3}\) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
∴ The probability that at least two of them hit balloon is equal to the probability of A, B hits the balloon then C will not hit or the probability of A, C hits the balloon then B will not hit or the probability of B. C hits the balloon then A will
not hit or the probability of all the three will hit the balloon.
= P(A ∩ B ∩ \(\overline{\mathrm{C}}\)) + P(A ∩ \(\overline{\mathrm{B}}\)∩ C) + P(\(\) ∩ B ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= P(A) . P(B). P(\(\overline{\mathrm{C}}\)) + P(A). P(\(\overline{\mathrm{B}}\)) . P(C) + P(\(\overline{\mathrm{A}}\)) . P(B) P(C) + P(A) + P(B) . P(C)
= \(\frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{3}+\frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{5} \cdot \frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{2}{3}\)
= \(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{15}+\frac{1}{10}+\frac{2}{5}=\frac{6+4+3+12}{30}=\frac{25}{30}=\frac{5}{6}\).

Question 28.
If A, B are two events, then show that \(\mathbf{P}\left(\frac{A}{B}\right) \cdot P(B)+P\left(\frac{A}{B^C}\right) \mathbf{P}\left(B^C\right)=P(A)\)
Solution:
A, B are two events.

Question 29.
A pair of dice is rolled. What is the probability that their sum to 7 ? Give thatneither dice shows a 2.
Solution:
Let S be the sample space.
Let S does not shows 2 then S = 25
S = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (4, 1), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 4),
(5, 5), (5, 6), (6. 1), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
∴ n(S) = 25
Let A be the event that the sum to 7 one the pair of dice.
A = {(1, 6), (3, 4), (4, 3), (6, l)}
∴ n(A) = 4
∴ Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{25}\).

Question 30.
A pair of dice is rolled. What is the probability that neither dice shows 2?
Solution:
Given that S is the sum to 7.
Let S be the sample space.
Let S be the sum to 7.
When two dies are rolled,
S = {(l, 6), (2,5), (3,4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)}
∴ n(S) = 6
Let A be the event that neither of dice shows 2.
A = {(1, 6), (3, 4), (4, 3), (6, 1)}
∴ n(A) = 4
∴ Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{6}=\frac{2}{3}\)

Question 31.
An urn contains 12 red balls and 12 green balls. Suppose 2 balls are drawn one after another without replacement. Find the probability that the second ball drawn is green. The first ball drawn is red ball.
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
The total no.of balls, n(S) = 24
Let, A be the event of drawing a red ball
n(A) = \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 12
The probability of drawing a red in the first attempt
P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{12}{24}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Now, there are 23 balls remaining.
∴ n(S) = 23
Let \(\frac{B}{A}\) be the event of drawing a green in the second attempt \(n\left(\frac{B}{A}\right)={ }^{12} C_1\) = 12
∴ Required probability, \(P\left(\frac{B}{A}\right)=\frac{n\left(\frac{B}{A}\right)}{n(S)}=\frac{12}{23}\).

Question 32.
If one card is drawn at random from a pack of cards then show that the event of getting an ace and getting a heart are independent events.
Solution:
Let, S be the sample space.
Total no.of playing cards = 52
Total no.of ways of selecting one card from a pack
n(S) = \({ }^{52} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 52
Let A be the event of getting an ace n(A) = \({ }^4 \mathrm{C}_1\) = 4
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{52}=\frac{1}{13}\)
Let B be the event of getting a heart
n(B) = \({ }^{13} \mathrm{C}_1\) = 13
∴ P(B) = \(\frac{n(B)}{n(S)}=\frac{13}{52}=\frac{1}{4}\)
A ∩ B = event of getting an ace and a heart
i.e., heart ace
∴ n(A ∩ B) = 1
∴ P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{1}{52}\)
= \(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{13}\) = P(A). P(B)
∴ P(A ∩ B) = P(A). P(B)
∴ The events A, B are independent events.

Question 33.
The probability that a boy A will get a scholarship is 0.9 and that another boy B will get is 0.8. What is the probability that atleast one of them will get the scholar ship? [May 2003]
Solution:
Let, A be the event that A will get scholar ship.
B be the event that B will get scholarship.
Given, P(A) = 0.9, P(B) = 0.8
A and B are independent events.
The probability that atleast one of them will get a scholarship is
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A r B)
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A) P(B)
= 0.9 + 0.8 – (0.9) (0.8)
= 1.7 – 0.72 = 0.98.

Question 34.
If A, B are two events with P(A ∪ B) = 0.65, P(AB) = 0.15 then find the value of \(P\left(\mathbf{A}^C\right)+P\left(B^C\right)\). [MAr. ’13, ’05, May ’11, TS – Mar. May 2015]
Solution:
A, B are two events
Given that P (A ∪ B) = 0.65,
P(A ∩ B) = 0.15
From addition theorem on probability,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
0.65 = P(A) + P(B) – 0.15
P(A) + P(B) = 0.8
1 – \(P\left(A^C\right)\) + 1 – \(P\left(B^C\right)\) = 0.8
2 – 0.8 = \(P\left(A^C\right)+P\left(B^C\right)\)
∴ \(P\left(A^C\right)+P\left(B^C\right)\) = 1.2.

Question 35.
A, B are two independent events such that the probability of both the events to occur is \(\frac{1}{6}\) and the probability of both the events do not occur is \(\frac{1}{3}\). Find P(A).
Solution:
A and B are independent events.
Then P(A ∩ B) = P(A) P(B)
Given that, the probability of both the events to occur is \(\frac{1}{6}\)
P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
P(A) . P(B) = \(\frac{1}{6}\) ………………(1)
The probability of both the events do not occur is \(\frac{1}{3}\).
\(\mathrm{P}(\overline{\mathrm{A}} \cap \overline{\mathrm{B}})=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\mathrm{P}(\overline{\mathrm{A} \cup \mathrm{B}})=\frac{1}{3}\)
1 – P(A ∪ B) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
1 – [P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)] = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
1 – P(A) – P(B) + \(\frac{1}{6}\) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{7}{6}\) – P(A) + P(B) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
P(A) + P(B) = \(\frac{7}{6}\) – \(\frac{1}{3}\)
Let P(A) = x, P(B) = y then
from (1)
⇒ xy = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
from (2) x + y = \(\frac{5}{6}\)
We know that,
(x – y)² = (x + y)² – 4xy
= \(\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-4 \cdot \frac{1}{6}\)
= \(\frac{25}{36}-\frac{4}{6}=\frac{1}{36}\)
(x – y) = ± \(\frac{1}{6}\)

Case – 1:
x + y = \(\frac{5}{6}\)
x – y = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
2x = \(\frac{5}{6}\) + \(\frac{1}{6}\)
2x = 1
x = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
⇒ P(A) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)

Case – 2:
x + y = \(\frac{5}{6}\)
x – y = \(\frac{1}{6}\)
2x = \(\frac{5}{6}\) – \(\frac{1}{6}\)
2x = \(\frac{4}{6}\)
2x = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
x = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
⇒ P(A) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
∴ P(A) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) or \(\frac{1}{3}\) .

Question 36.
A fair die is rolled. Consider the events A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 3} and C = {2, 3, 4, 5}. Find
I) P(A ∩ B), P(A ∪ B)
II) P(\(\left(\frac{\mathbf{A}}{\mathbf{B}}\right)\)), \(\mathbf{P}\left(\frac{\mathbf{B}}{\mathbf{A}}\right)\)
III) \(\mathbf{P}\left(\frac{\mathbf{A}}{\mathbf{C}}\right), \mathbf{P}\left(\frac{\mathbf{C}}{\mathbf{A}}\right)\)
IV) \(\mathbf{P}\left(\frac{\mathbf{B}}{\mathbf{C}}\right), \mathbf{P}\left(\frac{\mathbf{C}}{\mathbf{B}}\right)\)
Solution:
A fair die is rolled then n(S) = 6
n(A) = 3, n(B) = 2, n(C) = 4.
\(P(A)=\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{B})=\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{B})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P(C)=\frac{n(C)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{6}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Given that, A = {1, 3, 5), B {2, 3}, C = {2, 3, 4, 5}
I) A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 3)
A ∩ B = (1, 3, 5} ∩ {2, 3} = {3)
∴ n(A ∩ B) = P
∴ P(A ∩ B) = \(\frac{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B})}{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{S})}=\frac{1}{6}\)
A ∪ B = {1, 3, 5} ∪ {2, 3} = {1, 2, 3, 5}
∴ n(A ∪ B) = 4
∴ P(A ∪ B) = \(\frac{n(A \cup B)}{n(S)}=\frac{4}{6}=\frac{2}{3}\).

II) \(\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{B}}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{A} \cap \mathrm{B})}{\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{B})}=\frac{\frac{1}{6}}{\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P\left(\frac{B}{A}\right)=\frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(A)}=\frac{\frac{1}{6}}{\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{3}\)

Question 37.
Suppose A and B are Independent events with P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.7 then compute
I) P(A ∩ B)
II) P(A ∪ B
III) \(\mathbf{P}\left(\frac{\mathbf{B}}{\mathbf{A}}\right)\)
IV) \(\mathbf{P}\left(\mathbf{A}^{\mathbf{C}} \cap \mathbf{B}^{\mathbf{C}}\right)\) [May ‘14. Mar. ‘14] [AP – Mar.’ 17; TS – Mar. ‘18, May ‘16]
Solution:
A, B are independent events then
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) . P(B)
Given that, P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.7
I) P(A ∩ B) = P(A) . P(B)
= 0.6 xO.7 = 0.42.

II) P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A). P(B)
= 0.6 + 0.7 – (0.6) (0.7)
= 1.3 – 0.42 = 0.88

III) \(P\left(\frac{B}{A}\right)=\frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(A)}\)
= \(\frac{P(A) \cdot P(B)}{P(A)}\) = P(B) = 0.7

IV) \(P\left(A^C \cap B^C\right)=P(A \cup B)^C\)
= 1 – P(A ∪ B)
= 1 – 0.88 = 0.12.

Question 38.
The probability that Australia wins a match against india in a cricket game is given to be \(\frac{1}{3}\). If India and Australia play 3 matches what Is the probability that
I) Australia will loose all the 3 matches
II) Australia will win atleast one match. [May ’12]
Solution:
Suppose, A is the event at Australia winning the match.
P(A) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
I) Probability that Australia will loose all the three matches
= \(P(\overline{\mathrm{A}}) \cdot P(\overline{\mathrm{A}}) \cdot P(\overline{\mathrm{A}})\)
= \(\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{3}=\frac{8}{27}\).

II) Probability that Australia will win atleast one match
= 1 – \(P(\overline{\mathrm{A}}) \cdot P(\overline{\mathrm{A}}) \cdot P(\overline{\mathrm{A}})\)
= \(1-\frac{8}{27}=\frac{19}{27}\).

Question 39.
In a shooting test, the probability of A, B, C hitting the targets are \(\frac{1}{2}\), \(\frac{2}{3}\) and \(\frac{3}{4}\) respectively. If all of them fire at the same target. Find the probability that
I) Only one of them hits the target
II) Atleast one of them hits the target
Solution:
Given that,
P(A) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
⇒ P(\(\overline{\mathrm{A}}\)) = 1 – P(A)
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{2}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
P(B) = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
⇒ P(\(\overline{\mathrm{B}}\)) =1 – P(B)
= 1 – \(\frac{2}{3}\) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
P(C) = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
⇒ P(\(\overline{\mathrm{C}}\)) =1 – P(C)
= 1 – \(\frac{3}{4}\) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)

I) The probability that one of them hits the target

II) The probability that atleast one of them hits the target

Question 40.
Define conditional events conditional probability. [TS – May 2015: March ‘11, 06, May 11, ’07]
Solution:
Conditional event:
If A, B are two events in a sample space then the event of happening B after the event A happening is called conditional event. It is denoted by \(\frac{B}{A}\).

Conditional Probabillty :
If A, B are two events in a sample space S and P(A) ≠ 0 then the probability of B after the event A has occurred ¡s called conditional probability of B given A. It is denoted by P(\(\frac{B}{A}\)).
We define P(\(\frac{B}{A}\)) = \(\frac{P(B \cap A)}{P(A)}\), P(A) ≠ 0.

Question 41.
A pair of dice is thrown. Find the probability that either of the dice shows 2 when their sum is 6.
Solution:
Let S be the sample space.
Let S be the sum to 6, when two dice are rolled.
S = {1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1)}
∴ n(S) = 5
Let A be the event that either of the dice shows 2
∴ A = {(2, 4), (4, 2))
∴ n(A)= 2
∴ Required probability, P(A) = \(\frac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\frac{2}{5}\).

Question 42.
An urn contains 7 red and 3 black balls. 2 balls are drawn without replacement. What is the propability that the 2’ ball is red ¡fit is known that the 1 ball drawn is red? [Mar. ’05]
Solution:
Total number of balls in urn = 10
Red balls = 7
Black balls = 3
Let R₁ be the event of drawing the first ball red and R₂ be the event of drawing the second ball red.
The probability that the first ball drawn is red is P(R₁) = \(\frac{{ }^7 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_1}=\frac{7}{10}\)
Now, after one red ball is drawn out. 6 red balls and three black balls remain in the urn.
The probability that the second ball is red it is known that the first ball drawn is red.
\(\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{R}_2}{\mathrm{R}_1}\right)=\frac{{ }^6 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^9 \mathrm{C}_1}=\frac{6}{9}=\frac{2}{3}\).

Question 43.
Let A and B be independent events with P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.5. Find
I) \(\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{B}}\right)\)
II) \(\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{B}}{\mathrm{A}}\right)\)
III) P(A ∩ B)
IV) P(A ∪ B) [Mar. ‘12, ‘09, ‘06, May ‘11]
Solution:
Since, A and B are independent events then P(A ∩ B) = P(A) . P(B)
Given that,
P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.5
I) \(\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{B}}\right)\) = P(A) = 0.2
II) \(\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\mathrm{B}}{\mathrm{A}}\right)\) = P(B) = 0.5
III) P(A ∩ B) = P(A) . P(B)
= 0.2 × 0.5 = 0.01
IV) P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A). P(B)
= 0.2 + 0.5 – 0.1 = 0.6.

Question 44.
Bag B₁ contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Bag B₂ contains 3 whIte and 4 black balls. A bag is drawn at random and a ball is choosen at random from it. What is the probability that the ball drawn is white? [March ’11, May ’11]
Solution:
Probability of selecting first bag = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Probability of selecting second bag = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Probability of getting a white ball from first bag = \(\frac{{ }^4 C_1}{{ }^6 C_1}=\frac{4}{6}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Probability of getting a white ball from second bag = \(\frac{{ }^3 \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^7 \mathrm{C}_1}=\frac{3}{7}\)
Probability of drawing a white ball = \(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{3}{7}=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{3}{14}=\frac{23}{42}\).

Question 45.
Define mutually exclusive events and give an example. [May 2013]
Solution:
Mutually Exclusive Events:
Two events A, B in a sample space, S are said to be disjoint or mutually exclusive if A ∩ B = Φ
E.g.:
The events {1, 2}, {3, 5) are disjoint in the sample space, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Question 46.
Suppose there are 12 boys and 4 girls in a class if we choose 3 children one after another in succession at random, find the probability that all the 3 are boys.
Solution:
Total no. of children = 16
Boys = 12
Girls = 4
The probability ol selecting first child is boy is \(\frac{{ }^{12} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{16} \mathrm{C}_1}=\frac{12}{16}=\frac{3}{4}\)
If the first child selected is boy, 15 children are left and 11 out of them are boys.
The probability that the second child selected is boy is \(\frac{{ }^{11} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{15} \mathrm{C}_1}=\frac{11}{15}\)
If the first two children selected are boys, 14 children are left and 10 out of them are boys.
The probability that the third child selected is boy is \(\frac{{ }^{10} \mathrm{C}_1}{{ }^{14} \mathrm{C}_1}=\frac{10}{14}=\frac{5}{7}\)
Hence, by the multiplication theorem the required probability = \(\frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{11}{15} \cdot \frac{5}{7}=\frac{11}{28}\).

Question 47.
‘A’ speaks truth In 75% of the cases and ‘B’ in 80% cases. What is the probability that their statements about an incident do not match? [AP & TS – Mar. 2016; May ’10, AP – Mar. 2019]
Solution:
Let A be the event that ‘A’ speaks truth about an incident.
P(A) = \(\frac{75}{100}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\left(A^c\right)\) = 1 – P(A)
= 1 – \(\frac{3}{4}\) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Let B be the event that ‘B’ speaks truth about an incident
P(B) = \(\frac{80}{100}=\frac{4}{5}\)
\(P\left(B^c\right)\) = 1 – P(B)
= 1 – \(\frac{4}{5}\) = \(\frac{1}{5}\)
The probability that their statements about an incident do not match = \(P\left(A \cap B^C\right)+P\left(A^C \cap B\right)\)
Since A, B are independent events = \(P(A) \cdot P\left(B^C\right)+P\left(A^C\right) \cdot P(B)\)
= \(\frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{4}{5}\)
= \(\frac{3}{20}+\frac{1}{5}=\frac{3+4}{20}=\frac{7}{20}\).

Question 48.
A problem in Calculus is given to two students A and B whose chances of solving it are \(\frac{1}{3}\) and \(\frac{1}{4}\) respectively. Find the probability of the problem being solved if both of them try independently. [AP – Mar. ‘18, ‘15, May ‘15; Mar.’05, Board Paper]
Solution:
Let A be the event that the problem is solved by ‘A’.
P(A) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
Let B be the event that the problem is solved by B’
P(B) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
The probability of the problem being solved is
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
Since A, B are independent events = P(A) + P(B) – P(A) . P(B)
= \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{4}\)
= \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{12}\)
= \(\frac{4+3-1}{12}=\frac{6}{12}=\frac{1}{2}\).

Question 49.
A and B toss a coin 50 times each simultaneously. Find the probability that both of them will not get tails at the same toss.
Solution:
Let E be the event that A and B both will not get tails at the same toss.
In each toss, we have the following 4 choices:
1) A : Head B : Head
2) A : Head B : Tall
3) A : Tail B : Head
4) A : Tail B : Tail
L.et S be the sample space.
There are 50 Trials.
The total no. of choices, n(S) = 4.4.4 …………………….4 (50 times) = 4⁵⁰
Let E be the event that A and B both will not get tails at same toss.
n(E) = 3.3.3. 3 (50 times) = 3⁵⁰
The probability that both of them will not get tails at the same toss.
P(E) = \(\frac{n(E)}{n(S)}=\frac{3^{50}}{4^{50}}=\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^{50}\)

Question 50.
If A and B are independent events of a random experiment then show that A and BC are also independent. [Oct. ’99], [TS – May 2016]
Solution:
Since, A and B are independent events then
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) . P(B)
Now, \(P\left(A^C \cap B^C\right)=P(A \cup B)^C=P(\overline{A \cup B})\)
= 1 – P (A ∪ B)
= 1 – [P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)]
= 1 – P(A) – P(B) . P(A ∩ B)
= 1 – P(A) – P(B) + P(A) . P(B)
= 1 – P(A) – P(B) (1 – P(A))
= (1 – P(A)) (1 – P(B))
= \(P\left(A^C\right) \cdot P\left(B^C\right)\)
∴ \(A^C\) and \(B^C\) are independent.

Here you will find Telangana TSBIE State Board Syllabus TS Inter 2nd Year Economics Study Material Pdf free download, TS Intermediate 2nd Year Economics Textbook Solutions Questions and Answers in English Medium and Telugu Medium according to the latest exam curriculum. The chapter-wise TS Inter 2nd Year Study Material will help the students in understanding the concept behind each question in a detailed way.

Students can check the TS Inter 2nd Year Economics Syllabus & TS Inter 2nd Year Economics Important Questions for strong academic preparation. Students can use TS Inter 2nd Year Economics Notes as a quick revision before the exam.

TS Intermediate 2nd Year Economics Study Material Pdf Download | TS Inter 2nd Year Economics Textbook Solutions Telangana

TS Inter 2nd Year Economics Study Material in Telugu Medium

• Chapter 1 ఆర్థిక వృద్ధి, ఆర్థికాభివృద్ధి
• Chapter 2 జనాభా, మానవ వనరుల అభివృద్ధి
• Chapter 3 జాతీయాదాయం, పేదరికం, నిరుద్యోగిత
• Chapter 4 ప్రణాళికలు, నీతి ఆయోగ్
• Chapter 5 వ్యవసాయ రంగం
• Chapter 6 పారిశ్రామిక రంగం
• Chapter 7 తృతీయ రంగం
• Chapter 8 విదేశీ రంగం
• Chapter 9 పర్యావరణ అర్థశాస్త్రం
• Chapter 10 తెలంగాణ ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థ

TS Inter 2nd Year Economics Study Material in English Medium

• Chapter 1 Economic Growth and Economic Development
• Chapter 2 Demography and Human Resource Development
• Chapter 3 National Income, Poverty and Unemployment
• Chapter 4 Planning and NITI Aayog
• Chapter 5 Agricultural Sector
• Chapter 6 Industrial Sector
• Chapter 7 Tertiary Sector
• Chapter 8 Foreign Sector
• Chapter 9 Environmental Economics
• Chapter 10 Telangana Economy

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Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 3rd Lesson Hiroshima Child Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 3rd Lesson Hiroshima Child

Annotations (Section A, Q.No. 2, Marks: 4)
Annotate the following in about 100 words each.

a) I knock and yet remain unseen. (Revision Test – III)

Introduction: This line is taken from the poem, “Hiroshima Child”, written by Nazim Hikmet. He is a turkish poet, play wright and novelist. He is recognised as one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century. Most of his writings are about war. Content and Meaning: Here, the speaker is a seven-year old. Hiroshima girl. She died when an atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima during the world war II. The soul of the girl knocks on every door to warn them about the adverse effects of war. But nobody pays attention to her as she invisible.

Critical comment: The speaker begs people to fight for peace and to let children grow happily. The war against war touches our hearts.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ వ్యాసం నజీమ్ హిక్మెట్ వ్రాసిన “హిరోషిమా చైల్డ్” అను పద్య౦ నుండి తీసుకొనబడింది. అతను ఒక టర్కిష్ కవి, నాటక కర్త మరియు నవలా రచయిత. ఇతడు 20వ శతాబ్దపు గొప్ప కవులలో ఒకడుగా గుర్తింపు పొందాడు. ఇతని రచనలలో చాలా వరకు యుద్ధం గురించినవే.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : ఇక్కడ వ్యక్తి 7 సం॥ల హిరోషిమా చిన్నారి. రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధ సమయంలో హిరోషిమాపై అణుబాంబు వేసినప్పుడు ఈ చిన్నారి చనిపోయింది. ఈ చిన్నారి ఆత్మ ప్రతి తలుపును తడుతూ యుద్ధం యొక్క దుష్ప్రభావాలను గురించి వారిని హెచ్చరిస్తుంది. కానీ, ఎవ్వరూ ఆమెను పట్టించుకోరు. ఆమె కనిపించదు కాబట్టి.

విమర్శ : పిల్లలు సంతోషంగా ఎదగడానికి మరియు శాంతి కోసం పోరాడాలని స్పీకర్ ప్రజలను వేడుకుంటున్నారు. యుద్ధానికి వ్యతిరేఖంగా యుద్ధం మన హృదయాలను తాకుతుంది.

b) I am seven now as I was then
when children die they do not grow.

Introduction: These heart touching lines are taken from the poem.”Hiroshima child”, written by Nazim Hikmet. He is a turkish poet, playwright and novelist. He is recognised as one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century. Most of his writing are about war.

Content & Meaning: Here, the little child knocks on every door. No one hears or sees as the child died at seven in the Hiroshima bomb blast. Since then, the child has felt neither growth nor hunger, nor any wants. The child continues to be in the same state. The vehement plea is for peace, the poet uses a dead child to press upon our guilty conscience.

Critical comment: Through the soul of the little child, the poet begs people to fight for peace and to let children grow happily.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ హృదయాన్ని కదిలించే పంక్తులు నజీమ్ హిక్మేట్చే రచించబడిన “హిరోషిమా చైల్డ్” అను పద్య౦ నుండి తీసుకొనబడింది.

సందర్భ౦  మరియు అర్థం : ఇక్కడ చిన్నారి ప్రతి తలుపును తడుతుంది. ఏడు సం||ల వయస్సులోనే హిరోషిమా అణుబాంబు దాడిలో చనిపోవటంతో, ఎవ్వరూ ఆ చిన్నారిని చూడలేదు, వినలేరు. అప్పటి నుండి, ఆ చిన్నారి కి ఎదుగుదలలేదు. ఆకలి లేదూ ఏమీలేదు అలానే ఉండిపోయింది. శాంతి కోసం ఒక గట్టి ప్రయత్నం ఇది. కవి ఎదుగుదలలేదు. ఆకలి లేదూ ఏమీలేదు అలానే ఉండిపోయింది. శాంతి కోసం ఒక గట్టి ప్రయత్నం ఇది. కవి చనిపోయిన చిన్నారిని మన మనస్సాక్షిని నొక్కడానికి ఉపయోగించాడు.

విమర్శ : చిన్నారి ఆత్మ ద్వారా శాంతి కోసం పోరాడాలని మరియు చిన్నారులను సుఖంగా ఎదగనివ్వమని ప్రజలను కవి వేడుకుంటున్నారు.

c) I ask for nothing for myself
For I am dead, for I am dead

Introduction: These heart touching lines are taken from the poem.”Hiroshima child”, written by Nazim Hikmet. He is a turkish poet, playwright and novelist. He is recognised as one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century.

Content & Meaning: The little visits every home, seeks neither food nor things. The child no longer needs food or water to survive because we have taken away her life in which these things were actually prevalent. We have taken away everything from this child. She was innocent all along. The poet repeats the lines ” For I am dead for I am dead” throughout the poem to remind us that we have killed this innocent child with our unnecessary violence. He expects our fight for peace.

Critical comment: The poet uses the technique of repetition to convey his theme. The begs us to fight for peace.

కవి పరిచయం : హృదయాన్ని తాకేటటువంటి ఈ పంక్తులు నజీమ్ హిక్ మెట్చే రచించబడిన “హిరోషిమా చైల్డ్” అను కావ్యం నుండి గ్రహించబడినవి. అతను టర్కిష్ కవి నాటక రచయిత మరియు నవలా రచయిత. అతను 20వ శతాబ్దపు గొప్ప కవులలో ఒకడుగా గుర్తింపబడ్డాయి.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : చిన్నారి ప్రతి ఇంటిని సందర్శిస్తుంది. ఆహారం కానీ, వస్తువులు కానీ వెతకటం లేదు. జీవించడానికి ఆహారం లేదా నీరు ఆ చిన్నారికి అవసరం లేదు. ఎందుకంటే ఆ చిన్నారి జీవితాన్ని మనం తుడిచివేసాము. ఆ చిన్నారి సమస్తం మనం తీసుకున్నాము.

ఆ చిన్నారి ఏమీ తెలియని అమాయకురాలు. “నేను చనిపోయాను, నేను చనిపోయాను” అను చిన్నారి పంక్తులను కవి పదేపదే పునరావృత్తం చేస్తున్నాడు. ఎందుకంటే మనం అనవసర హింసతో అమాయకురాలి ప్రాణం తీసాము అన్న విషయాన్ని గుర్తు చేయటానికి ఈ నైపుణ్యాన్ని కవి ఉపయోగించాడు. శాంతి కోసం మన పోరాటాన్ని కవి ఆశిస్తున్నాడు.

విమర్శ : తన ఇతివృత్తాన్ని తెలియజేయుటకు, కవి పునరావృత్తం అను నైపుణ్యాన్ని ఉపయోగిస్తున్నాడు. శాంతికోసం పోరాడమని కవి మనల్ని వేడుకుంటున్నాడు.

d) All that i need is that for peace (Revision Test – III)
you fight today you fight today

Introduction: These heart touching lines are taken from the poem. “Hiroshima child”, written by Nazim Hikmet. He is a turkish poet, playwright and novelist. He is recognised as one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century.

Content & Meaning: The child is the speaker in the poem. She lost her life at seven in the Hiroshima bomb blast. Since then, she has felt neither growth nor hunger. She continues to be in the same state, she visits every home, seek, neither food nor things. She warns us, about the evils of war. As she doesn’t want anything, she begs us to fight for peace. Her desire is to promote peace. She urges us to let every child grow, play and laugh. The only thing she want is peace: Fight for peace.

Critical comment: The poet uses the repetition to demonstrate that we must fight for peace and nothing else, or else innocent people and children would die for our unnecessary injustices.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ పంక్తులు నజీమ్ హిక్మేట్చే రచించబడిన “హిరోషిమా చైల్డ్” అను పద్య౦లోని చివరి చరణంలోనివి. అతను ఒక టర్కిష్ కవి, నాటక రచయిత మరియు నవలా రచయిత. అతను 20వ శతాబ్దపు గొప్ప కవులలో ఒకడుగా గుర్తింపబడ్డాయి.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : చిన్నారి ఈ పద్య౦లో వక్త. 7 సం||ల చిరు ప్రాయంలోనే హిరోషిమా బాంబుపేలుడులో తన జీవితాన్ని కోల్పోయింది. అప్పటి నుండి ఎలాంట ఎదుగుదల లేదు, ఆకలి లేదు. అలానే ఉండిపోయింది. ప్రతి ఇంటానా సంచరిస్తుంది ఏమీ కోరటం లేదు. ఆహారం లేదా ఏ వస్తువులు అడగటం లేదు. యుద్ధ దుష్ప్రభావాలను గురించి మనల్ని హెచ్చరిస్తుంది. ఆమె ఏమి కోరుకోవటంలేదు.

మనల్ని శాంతి కోసం పోరాడమంటుంది. శాంతి స్థాపన ఆమె కోరిక. ప్రతి చిన్నారిని ప్రశాంతంగా ఎదగనివ్వమని, ఆడుకోనివ్వమని మరియు సంతోషంగా ఉండనివ్వమని మనల్ని అర్జిస్తుంది. కేవలం మన నుండి శాంతి కోసం పోరాడమని ఆ చిన్నారి కోరుకుంటుంది.

విమర్శ : మనందరం శాంతి కోసం పోరాడాలి లేదంటే అమాయక ప్రజలు, చిన్నారులు మన అనవసర అన్యాయాలకు ప్రాణాలు కోల్పోతారు అన్న విషయాన్ని ప్రదర్శించటానికి కవి పునరావృత్తం (మరల, మరల) ను ఉపయోగించాడు.

Paragraph Questions & Answers (Section A, Q.No.4, Marks: 4)
Answer the following Questions in about 100 words

a) What is the theme of the poem,”Hiroshima Child”?
Answer:
Nazim Hikmet is recognised as one of the greatest poets of the 20th century. Most of his writings are about war. His present poem, “Hiroshima Child”, is about a seven year old girl who was killed in the bombing of Hiroshima in the world war II. The little girl is the speaker in the poem. The soul of the girl knocks on every door to warn them about adverse effects of war. She begs them to fight for peace.

But, nobody pays attention to her as she is invisible. The theme of the poem is to promote peace. The poet uses a character, a standpoint and language to drive home the theme. This technique serves the desired purpose. The reader is made to plunge into thought first and action next. Thus, the vehement plea is for peace. Fight for Peace.

నజీమ్ హిక్మెట్ 20వ శతాబ్దపు గొప్పకవులలో ఒకరుగా గుర్తింపు పొందాడు. ఇతని రచనలలో చాలా వరకు యుద్ధం గురించినవే. ఇతని ప్రస్తుత పద్య౦ “హిరోషిమా చైల్డ్” రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో హిరోషిమాపై అణుబాంబు దాడిలో చనిపోయిన ఏడు సంవత్సరాల చిన్నారి గురించిన కావ్యం. ఆ చిన్నారే వక్త ఈ పద్య౦లో, యుద్ధ దుష్ప్రభావాల గురించి ప్రజలను హెచ్చరించడానికి, ఆ చిన్నారి ఆత్మ ప్రతి తలుపు తడుతుంది. వారిని శాంతి కోసం పోరాడమని ఆ చిన్నారి వేడుకుంటుంది.

కానీ, ఆమెకానరాదు కాబట్టి, ఎవ్వరీమెను పట్టించుకోరు. శాంతి స్థాపనే ఈ పద్య౦ యొక్క ఇతి వృత్తం. దీనికోసం కవి ఒక పాత్రను మరియు చక్కటి సరళమైన భాషను ఉపయోగించాడు. తాను అనుకున్న ఉద్దేశ్యం నెరవేరుస్తుంది ఈ నైపుణ్యం. పాఠకుడిని మొదట ఆలోచింపజేసి, తర్వాత కార్యానుకుడిని చేస్తుంది. అలా, శాంతి కోసం ఒక గట్టి ప్రయత్నం ఇది. శాంతి కోసం పోరాటం.

b) Why does the poet appeal for peace through a dead child?
Answer:
Nazim Hikmet is recognised as one of the greatest poets of the 20th century. Most of his writings are about war. His present poem, “Hiroshima Child” is about a seven year old girl who died in the Hiroshima bomb blast during the World War II. The little girl is the speaker in the poem. The soul of the girl knocks on every door to warn them about to let children grow happily.

The poet to fight for peace and to let children grow happily. The poet appeals for peace through the mouth of the little girl, a dead child. It is because the poet wants to press upon our guilty conscience. The child no longer needs food or water to survive because we have taken away her life with our unnecessary injustices. We have taken away everything from her. Thus, the poet uses a dead child to touch our hearts to promote peace.

20వ శతాబ్దపు గొప్ప కవులలో ఒకరుగా నజీమ్ హిక్మెట్ గుర్తిపు పొందాడు. ఇతని రచనలలో అధికం యుద్ధం గురించినవే. ఇతని ప్రస్తుత పద్య౦ “హిరోషిమా చైల్డ్”, రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధ సమయంలో హిరోషిమాపై అణుబాంబు దాడిలో ప్రాణాలు కోల్పోయిన ఏడు సం॥ చిన్నారి గురించి. ఆ చిన్నారే ఈ పద్య౦లో వక్త. యుద్ధ దుష్ప్రభావాల గురించి ప్రజలను హెచ్చరించడానికి ఆ చిన్నారి ప్రతి తలుపు తడుతుంది. శాంతి కోసం పోరాడమని మరియు చిన్నారులను సంతోషంగా, ఆనందంగా ఎదగనివ్వమని జనాన్ని వేడుకుంటుంది. చనిపోయిన, చిన్నారి నోటి నుండి శాంతి కోసం పోరాడమని జనాన్ని కవి అర్జిస్తున్నాడు.

ఎందుకంటే, మన మనస్సాక్షికి కవి నొక్కి చెప్పాలనుకుంటున్నాడు. మనం మన అనవసరమైన అన్యాయాలతో ఆ చిన్నారి ప్రాణాలను తీసుకున్నాము కాబట్టి ఆ బిడ్డ జీవించడానికి ఆహారం లేదా నీరు అవసరంలేదు. మనము ఆమె నుండి సమప్తం తీసుకున్నాము. అలా శాంతిని పెంపొందించడానికి, మన హృదయాలను తాకడానికి చనిపోయిన చిన్నారిని కవి
ఉపయోగించాడు.

c) Describe the feelings of the child when she knew that she was dead at the age of seven. (Revision Test – III)
Answer:
Nazim Hikmet is recognised as one of the greatest poets of the 20th century. Most of his writings are about war. His present poem, “Hiroshima Child” is about a seven year old girl who died in the Hiroshima bomb blast during the World War II. The little girl is the speaker in the poem. The girl knocks on every door.

She says that she doesn’t want anything. It is because she has already died. She no longer needs food or water to survive. She continues to be in the same state. She visits every home and begs them to fight for peace and to let children grow happily. Her feelings touch our hearts and awake us plunge into thought first and action next through her mouth, the poet emphasizes the need for peace.

20వ శతాబ్దపు గొప్ప కవులలో ఒకరుగా నజీమ్ హిక్మెట్ గుర్తిపు పొందాడు. ఇతని రచనలలో అధికం యుద్ధం గురించినవే. ఇతని ప్రస్తుత పద్య౦ “హిరోషిమా చైల్డ్”, రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధ సమయంలో హిరోషిమా పట్టణంపై అణుబాంబు దాడిలో ప్రాణాలు కోల్పోయిన ఏడు సం॥ చిన్నారి గురించినది ఈ పద్య౦. చిన్నారి ఈ పద్య౦లో వక్త. ఈ చిన్నారి ప్రతి తలుపు తడుతుంది. తనకు ఏమి వద్దని చెప్తుంది. ఎందుకంటే ఆమె చనిపోయింది అప్పటికీ.

ఆమె జీవించడానికి ఆహారం లేదా నీరు అవసరంలేదు. ఆ పరిస్థితిలోనే ఉంటుంది. ప్రతి గడప సందర్శిస్తుంది. అందరినీ శాంతి కోసం పోరాడమని, చిన్నారులను ఆనందంగా ఎదగనివ్వమని వేడుకుంటుంది. ఆమె అభిప్రాయాలు మన హృదయాన్ని తాకుతున్నాయి. మరియు మనల్ని మొదటిగా ఆలోచింపచేస్తాయి. తర్వాత కార్యోన్ముకులను చేస్తున్నాయి.

d) “I ask for nothing for myself” Why do you think the child asked nothing for herself?
Answer:
Nazim Hikmet is recognised as one of the greatest poets of the 20th century. Most of his writings are about war. His present poem, “Hiroshima Child” is about a seven year old girl who died in the Hiroshima bomb blast during the World War II. The little girl is the speaker in the poem. The soul of the girl knocks on every door to warn them about the evils of war. She begs people to fight for peace. She needs neither food nor water to survive. It is because we have taken away everything from this child.

Therefore, she says that she needs, nothing for herself the only thing she wants is our fight for peace which makes the future generation happy to live, Her plea is for peace. Fight for peace. She urges us to fight for peace and nothing else or else innocent people and children will die for our injustices.

20వ శతాబ్దపు గొప్ప కవులలో ఒకరుగా నజీమ్ హిక్మెట్ ఒకరుగా పేరు పొందాడు. ఇతని రచనలలో అధికం యుద్ధం గురించినవే. ప్రస్తుత కావ్యం “హిరోషిమా బాలిక”, రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధ కాలంలో హిరోషిమా బాంబు దాడిలో మరణించిన ఏడు సం॥ చిన్నారి గురించి. ఆ చిన్నారి ఈ పద్య౦లో వక్త. ఈ చిన్నారి ప్రతి తలుపు తడుతూ యుద్ధం దుష్ప్రభావాల గురించి హెచ్చరిస్తుంది. శాంతి కోసం పోరాడమని జనాన్ని వేడుకుంటుంది.

తాను చనిపోయినందున, తనకేమీ అవసరం లేదు అంటుంది. జీవించడానికి అవసరమైన ఆహారం లేదా నీళ్ళ సహితం అవసరం లేదు ఆ చిన్నారికి ఎందుకంటే మనమే ఆ చిన్నారి జీవితాన్ని చిదిమివేశాము. కావున, తనకేమి అవసరం లేదు అంటుంది. తాను కోరుకున్నది కేవలం శాంతి కోసం మన పోరాటం. అదే మన భవిష్యత్తు.

One the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in English

About Author

Nazım Hikmet Ran (15 January 1902 – 3 June 1963) commonly known as Nazim Hikmet was a Turkish-Polish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director and memoirist. He was acclaimed for the “lyrical flow of his statements”. Described as a “romantic communist” and “romantic revolutionary”, he was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile. His poetry has been translated into more than fifty languages.

1961: Legend of Love (by Arif Malikov)
1935: Letters to Taranta-Babu (Poem)
1966-67, Human Landscapes from My Country (Poem)
1965: The Epic of the War of Independence(Poem)

The heart touching poem, ‘Hiroshima Child’ is written by Nazim Hikmet. He is Turkish poet, playwright and novelist. His present poem is about a seven-year-old girl who died in the Hiroshima bomb attack during the world war II. It deals with the adverse effects of war loss of life, innocence and destruction. It is a call for peace.

This is a short poem of only five stanzas. The little girl, who is no longer alive, is the speaker in the poem. The poet describes the experiences of the little girl during the war. He wants to remind us of the innocent lives that were killed in the bombing of Hiroshima in the world War II. Therefore, he uses a character to drive home theme. The poem begins with the little girl knocking on every door. The soul of the girl knocks on every door to warn them about the evils of war. She requests them not fight as she was victim of it.

She begs them to fight for peace. But, No one hears or sees as she is invisible. It is because she died at seven in the bomb blast since then the child has felt neither growth nor hunger, nor any wants. She continues to be in the same state. The poet respects the lines “For I am dead for I am dead” throughout the poem to remind us that we have killed this innocent child with our unnecessary violence.

In the third stanza, the poet depicts the child’s hair, eyes and bones to drive into our heads that we hard stained a poor child who was just like us. Here, the child visits every home and seeks, neither food nor things. The poet respects that the wild no longer needs any material things because she is dead. The vehement plea is for peace.

In the final stanza, the girl begs people to fight for peace and to let children grow, play and laugh happily. The poet has delivered a very single but serious message in a clear and short manner. Therefore, we must fight for peace and nothing else, or else innocent people and children will die for our wicked actions or unnecessary injustices. The war against war touches our hearts.

One the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in Telugu

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

మనస్సును రంజింపజేసే కావ్యం “హిరోషిమా చైల్డ్” నజీమ్ హిక్మేట్చే రచింపబడింది. అతను ఒక టర్కిష్ కవి, నాటకరచయిత మరియు నవలారచయిత. రెండవ ప్రపంచ యుద్ధ సమయంలో హిరోషిమా పట్టణం పై అణుబాంబు దాడి జరిగినపుడు చనిపోయిన ఏడు సం॥ల చిన్నారి గురించి ఇతని ప్రస్తుత పద్య౦. యుద్ధ దుష్ప్రభావాలు ముఖ్యంగా జీవితాలు కోల్పోవడం, చిన్నార్లు చనిపోవటం మరియు వినాశనం జరగటం మొ॥వి ఈ పద్య౦ ఇతివృత్తం. ఇది శాంతి కోసం పిలుపు.

ఇది కేవలం ఐదు stanzas గల చిన్న పద్య౦. చనిపోయిన చిన్నారి ఈ పద్య౦లో వ్యక్తి. యుద్ధ సమయంలో ఆ చిన్నారి అనుభవాలు, వేదనలు గురించి కవి వివరిస్తున్నాడు. రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధ సమయంలో హిరోషిమాకై అణుబాంబు దాడిలో చంపబడిన అమాయక జీవితాలు గురించి మనకు తెలియజేయాలనుకుంటున్నాడు. కావున, ఒక చిన్నారి పాత్ర ద్వారా తన సందేశాన్ని అందిస్తున్నాడు. చిన్నారి ఆత్మ యొక్క దుష్ప్రభావాలను గురించి మనల్ని హెచ్చరించడానికి ప్రతి తలుపు తడుతుంది.

అలా గడపగడపకు తిరుగుతూ యుద్ధం చేయవద్దని ప్రాదేయపడుతుంది. తాను దాని బాధితురాలుగా, శాంతి కోసం పోరాడమని వేడుకొంటుంది. కానీ, ఆమెను ఎవ్వరూ పట్టించుకోరు. ఆమె కానరాదు కాబట్టి. ఎందుకంటే ఆ చిన్నారి 7 సం॥ల వయస్సులోనే బాంబుదాడిలో మరణించింది కాబట్టి అప్పటి నుండి, ఆ చిన్నారికి ఎదుగుదల లేదు, ఆకలి లేదు, ఏమిలేదు. అలానే ఉండిపోయింది. మన అనవసర హింసతో ఆ అమాయక చిన్నారిని చంపివేశామని గుర్తుచేయటానికి పద్య౦ ఆసాంతం కవి “For Iam dead for Iam dead” అను పంక్తులను ఉపయోగిస్తున్నాడు మళ్ళీ మళ్ళీ.

మూడవ stanza లో మనలాంటి చిన్నారిని మనం చంపేశాం అని ఆ చిన్నారి జుట్టు, కళ్ళు మరియు ఎముకలు మన తలల్లోకి ఎక్కిరించేలా కవి వర్ణించాడు. ఇక్కడ ఆ చిన్నారి ప్రతి ఇంటిని సందర్శిస్తుంది. ఆహారం కానీ వస్తువులు కానీ ఏదీ వెతకదు. ఆ చిన్నారి చనిపోయినందున ఆమెకు ఇకపై ఎటువంటి పదార్థాలు, వస్తువులు అవసరం లేదని కవి పునరావృత్తం చేస్తాడు. శాంతి కోసం గట్టి విన్నపం ఇది.

ఆఖరి చరణంలో ఆ చిన్నారి శాంతి కోసం పోరాడాలని మరియు పిల్లలు పెరగడానికి, ఆడుకోవడానికి మరియు సంతోషంగా నవ్వడానికి ప్రజలను వేడుకుంటుంది. కవి చాలా సరళమైన కానీ గంభీరమైన సందేశాన్ని స్పష్టంగా మరియు తేలికగా అందించారు. కాబట్టి, మన ప్రపంచ శాంతికోసం పోరాడాలి. లేదంటే అమాయక ప్రజలు మరియు పిల్లలు మన దుష్ట చర్యలను లేదా అనవసర అన్యాయాలను చనిపోతారు. యుద్ధానికి వ్యతిరేఖంగా యుద్ధం, మన హృదయాలను తాకుతుంది.

One the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in Hindi

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

दिल को छूनेवाली ‘हीरोशिमा चाइल्ड’ कविता नज़ीम हिकमेट से लिखी गई है । वे एक तुर्की कवि, नाटककार और उपन्यासकार हैं । यह वर्तमान कविता एक सात वर्षीय लड़की के बारे में है, जो द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान हीरोशिमा बम हमले में मर गई थी । यह युद्ध के प्रतिकूल प्रभावों, जीवन की हानि और विनाश से संबंधित है । यह शांति का आहवान है ।

यह केवल पाँच छदों की एक छोटी कविता के रूप में है। छोटी लड़की, जो अब जीवित नहीं है, कविता में वक्ता है । कवि युद्ध में गोता लगानेवाले छोटी लड़की के अनुभवों का वर्णन करते हैं । वे हमें उन निर्दोष लोगों की याद दिलाना चाहते हैं, जो द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध में हिरोशिमा की बमबारी में मारे गए थे । वे होम थीम को चलाने के लिए एक चरित्र का उपयोग करते है । कविता का आरंभ छोटी लड़की के हर दरवाजे पर दस्तक देने से होता है। लड़की की आत्मा लड़ाई की बुराई के बारे में चेतावनी देनी के लिए हर दरवाजे पर दस्तक देती है, वह उनसे मतलड़ने का अनुरोध करती है क्यों कि वह उसका शिकार थी ।

वह उनसे शांति के लिए लड़ने की भीख माँगती है । लेकिन कोई नहीं सुनता था नहीं देखता है क्यों कि वह अदृश्य है । ऐसा इसलिए है कि वह सात साल की उम में बम विस्फोट में मरगई । तब से लडकी को न तो कोई विकास हुआ और न ही भूख, न ही कोई इच्छाएँ । वह उसी स्थिति में बनी हुई है । कवि पंक्तियों को दोहराते हैं, ‘फ़ार आई एम डेड, फ़ार आई एम डेड’, पूरी कविता में हमें याद दिलाने के लिए कि हमने इस मासूम बच्चे को अपनी अनावश्यक हिंसा से मार डाला है ।

तीसरे छंद में कवि ने बच्ची के बालों, आँयों और हड्डियों को हमारे म्स्तष्कों में घुसाने के लिए दर्शाया है कि हम ने एक बेचारी बच्ची को मार डाला है जो हमारी जैसी ही थी । इधर बच्ची हर घर जाती है और न तो खाना माँगती है और न चीजें । कवि दोहराते हैं कि बच्ची को किसी भौतिक वस्तु की आवश्यकार नही हैबथाकि वह मन चुकी है । उसका प्रगाढ अनुनय विनय शांति का है ।

अंतिम धंद में, लड़की लोगों से माँगती है कि वे शांति के लिए लड़ें और बच्चों को बढ़ने, खेलने और खुशी से हँसने दें। कवि ने स्पष्ट और संक्षिप्त तरीके से एक बहुत ही सरल लेकिन गंभीर संदेश दिया है । अतः शांति के लिए अवश्य लड़ें और कुछ नहीं वरना हमारे दुष्ट कार्यों और अनावश्यक प्रवृत्ति से मासूम लोग और बच्चे मरेंगे । युद्ध के खिलाफ युद्ध हमारे दिलों को छूता है ।

Meanings and Explanations

Hiroshima (prop.n)/ (హిరోషిమా)/ : a city in Japan; became known well to the world as powerful (atom and hydrogen) bombs were dropped on it an 06.08.1945 during the World War II; జపాన్ నగరం, 1945 ఆగస్ట్ 6న అణుబాంబుల తాకిడితో (రెండవ ప్రపంచ యుద్ధంలో) ప్రపంచానికి ఈ పట్టణం బాగా తెలిసింది. ఆ అంశమే ప్రస్తుత పద్యానికి మూలాధారము.
जापान में एक शहर : दुनिया के लिए अच्छी तरह जाना जाता है क्योंकि द्विती ( ) विश्वयुद्ध के दौरा न. 06-08-1945 को शक्तिशाली (परमाणु और, हाइड्रोजन) बम गिराए गए थे :

tread (n)/(ట్రడ్)/tred : a step ; అడుగు, నడక ; एक कदम : एक सैर

knock(v) /(నోక్) / nɒk: తలుపు పై కొట్టు తట్టు లోపలికి వెళ్ళుటకు అనుమతికై;

scorched (స్కో(ర్)చ్ ట్)/skɔ:tʃt : burned ; కాల్చబడును, जला हुआ

swirling (v+ing )(adj) / (స్వ(ర్)లింగ్) / swз:lŋ () : twisting ; సుడులు తిరుగుతున్న, घूमना

scattered (స్క్యా ట(ర్)డ్) : dispersed; spread; వెదజల్లబడెను, बिखरा हुआ, फैलाव

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 2nd Lesson One the Grasshopper and Cricket Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 2nd Lesson One the Grasshopper and Cricket

Annotations (Section A, Q.No. 2, Marks: 4)
Annotate the following in about 100 words each.

a) The poetry of earth is never dead.

Reference: This beautiful line is taken from the sonnet, “On the Grasshopper and Cricket” written by John Keats, an English Romantic poet. He devoted his life to the perfection of poetry.

Context and Meaning: In the poem, John Keats depicts the beauty of Nature. He expresses his feelings regarding Natures song. He refers to it as “The poetry of Earth” which becomes the main them of the poem. During the summer heat birds stop singing. Then Nature’s poetry offers us comfort and joy. The grasshopper’s songs represent Nature’s poetry. Nature is brimming with elements that help living things flourish. As a result even in intense heat, natural elements such as the “Cooling Tree” and “Pleasant weed” can be discovered. The grasshopper songs tirelessly, bringing relief to all those who have grown restless due to the hot sun.

Critical Comment: The poet says that the poetry of earth is never dead. It always keeps singing irrespective of seasons.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ అందమైన కావ్యం ఆంగ్ల కాల్పనిక కవి జాన్ కీట్స్ చే రచించబడిన “On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను సోనెట్ నుండి తీసుకొనబడింది. అతను తన జీవితాన్ని కవిత్వం యొక్క పరిపూర్ణతకు అంకితం చేశాడు.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : ఈ పద్య౦లో ప్రకృతి అందం గురించి కీట్స్ వివరిస్తాడు. ప్రకృతి పాటకు సంబంధించి తన భావాలను వ్యక్తపరుస్తున్నాడు. అతను దానిని భూమి యొక్క కావ్యంగా పేర్కొన్నాడు. ఇది పద్యం యొక్క ప్రధాన ఇతివృత్తంగా మారుతుంది. వేసవి వేడి సమయంలో పక్షులు పాడటం మానేస్తాయి. అప్పుడు, ప్రకృతి మనకు సౌఖ్యం మరియు ఆనందాన్ని అందిస్తుంది. మిడత యొక్క పాటలు ప్రకృతి కావ్యాన్ని (ప్రతిబింబిస్తుంది) సూచిస్తాయి. ప్రకృతి జీవుల వృద్ధికి సహాయపడే అంశాలతో నిండి ఉంది. ఫలితంగా తీవ్రమైన వేడిలో కూడా శీతలీకరణ చెట్టు మరియు ఆహ్లాదకరమైన కలుపు మొక్క వంటి సహాజ మూలకాలు కనుగొనబడతాయి. మిడత అలసిపోకుండా పాడుతూ వేడి ఎండల కారణంగా చంచలమైన వారందరికీ ఉపశమనం కలిగిస్తుంది.

విమర్శ : ప్రకృతి/భూమి కావ్యం ఎప్పటికీ కనుమరుగు అవ్వదని కవి చెప్తున్నాడు. ఋతువులతో సంబంధం లేకుండా ప్రకృతి ఎల్లవేళల పాడుతూనే ఉంటుంది.

b) He rests at ease beneath some plesant weed. (Revision Test – I)

Introduction: The above line is taken from the sonnet “On the Grasshopper and Cricket” written by John Keats. He denoted his life to the perfection of poverty.

Context and Meaning: Here the poet expresses his feelings, regarding natures song. The Grasshopper and the Cricket are used as symbols. Seasons may come and go. But Nature never fails to inspire us with its songs. When birds, stop singing in extreme heat, during the summer. The earth is filled with songs of a grasshopper. We can hear the voice of the grasshopper who runs from hedge to hedge. He keeps singing tiredlessly and when he gets tired with fun, he goes under some pleasant weed to take rest.

Critical Comment: The poet sends the message that nature is beautiful all the line, irrespective of the season.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ వాక్యం జాన్ కీట్స్ చే రచించబడిన “On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను సోనెట్ (14 పంక్తులు గల ప్రత్యేక పద్య౦ నుండి తీసుకొనబడింది. ఇతను తన జీవితాన్ని కవిత్వం యొక్క పరిపూర్ణతకు అంకితం చేశాడు.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : ఇక్కడ కవి ప్రకృతి పాటకు (కావ్యం)కు సంబంధించి తన భావాలను వ్యక్తపరుస్తున్నాడు. మిడతను మరియు కీచురాయిని చిహ్నాలుగా వాడుతున్నాడు. ఋతువులు రావచ్చు మరియు పోవచ్చు. కానీ, తన పాటలతో మనల్ని ప్రేరేపించటంలో ప్రకృతి ఎన్నడూ విఫలము చెందదు. వేసవి విపరీతవేడిలో పక్షులు అన్నీ పాడటం ఆపినపుడు ప్రకృతి/భూమి మిడత యొక్క పాటలతో నింపబడుతుంది. ఒక పొద నుంచి మరొక పొదకు పరుగెడుతూ, పాడుతున్న మిడత యొక్క స్వరాన్ని మనం వినగలము. ఇది అలసట చెందకుండా, పాడుతూ ఉంటుంది మరియు ఆనందంతో అలసట చెందినప్పుడు సేదతీరుటకు ఆహ్లాదకరమైన కలుపు మొక్క క్రిందకు జారుతుంటుంది.

విమర్శ : ప్రకృతి అన్ని కాలాల్లో అందంగా, రమణీయంగా ఉంటుందని కవి సందేశాన్ని పంపుతున్నాడు ఈ పద్యం ద్వారా.

c) On a lone winter evening, when the frost Has wrought a silence, from the stone there shrills the Cricket’s song, in warmth increasing ever.

Introduction: These lines are taken from the second part(sestet) of the sonnet ” On the grasshopper and the Cricket” written by John Keats, a romantic poet. He devoted his life to the perfection of poetry.

Context and Meaning: The poet expresses his feelings regarding Nature’s song. The Grasshopper and the cricket are used as symbols. Seasons may come and go. But Nature never fails to inspire us with its songs. During winter birds stop singing. Here is a deathly silence. Frost spreads its blanket over Nature Regardless, a shrill second comes from beneath stones and it is the cricket singing the cricket’s song restores warmth. We can hear the song of the cricket, which breaks this silence. Thus, the cricket takes up the responsibilities of singing the glory of Nature in winter.

Critical Comment: John keats sends the message that nature is beautiful all the time, irrespective of the season.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ పంక్తులు రొమాంటిక్ కవి, జాన్ కీట్స్ చే రచించబడిన “On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను సోనెట్ యొక్క రెండవభాగం, (చివరి ఆరు పంక్తులు) నుండి తీసుకొనబడినవి. కవిత్వం యొక్క పరిపూర్ణతకు ఇతను తన జీవితాన్ని అంకితం చేశాడు.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : ప్రకృతి పాటకు సంబంధించి కవి తన భావాలను వ్యక్తపరుస్తున్నాడు. మిడతను మరియు కీచురాయిలను చిహ్నాలుగా ఉపయోగించాడు. కాలాలు (ఋతువులు) వస్తూ, పోతూ ఉంటాయి. కానీ, ప్రకృతి తన పాటలతో మనల్ని ప్రేరేపించటంలో ఎన్నడూ విఫలమవ్వదు. శీతాకాలంలో, పక్షులు పాడటం ఆపివేస్తాయి. పూర్తి నిశ్శబ్దత ఉంటుంది. దట్టమైన మంచు తన దుప్పటితో ప్రకృతిని కప్పివేస్తుంది.

అయినప్పటికీ, సంబంధం లేకుండా, వాళ్ళ క్రింద నుండి ఒక గంభీరమైన శబ్దం, స్వరం వస్తుంది. కీచురాయి గానం, ఈ నిశ్శబ్ధాన్ని విచ్ఛిన్నం చేసే కీచురాయి పాటను మనం వినవచ్చు. ఈ విధంగా, కీచురాయి చలికాలంలో ప్రకృతి వైభవాన్ని పాడే/ఆలపించే బాధ్యతను తీసుకుంటుంది.

విమర్శ : ప్రకృతి అన్ని కాలాల్లో అందంగా, రమణీయంగా ఉంటుందన్న సందేశాన్ని జాన్కీట్స్ ఈ పద్య౦ ద్వారా తెలియజేస్తున్నాడు.

d) And seems to one in drowsiness halflost; (Revision Test – I)
The Grasshopper’s among some grassy hills

Introduction: These are the conducting lines of the poem “On the Grasshopper and Cricket” written by John Keats, a Romantic poet. He devoted his life to the perfection of poetry.

Context and Meaning: John Keats celebrates the music of the Earth. He finds beauty in hot summer as well as in the cold winter. Here, the grasshopper is symbol of hot summer and cricket is symbol of cold winter. During the winter season in the frosty evening, the birds stop singing songs. At that time the cricket begins to sing. He spreads the warmth of joy everywhere. The people who are half sleep feel that it is the grasshopper song which is coming from the grassy hills. Thus, he depicts the beauty of Nature.

Critical Comment: The poet sends the message that nature is beautiful all the time, irrespective of the season. In a similar way, we should be joyful in our life and be happy in all situations.

కవి పరిచయం : ఇది రొమాంటిక్ కవి జాన్ కీట్స్ చే రచించబడిన “On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను పద్య౦ యొక్క ముగింపు పంక్తులు. ఇతను కవిత్వం యొక్క పరిపూర్ణతకు తన జీవితాన్ని అంకితం చేశాడు.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : జాన్ కీట్స్ భూమి/ప్రకృతి యొక్క సంగీతాన్ని ప్రశంసిస్తున్నాడు. అతి వేసవిలోను మరియు అతి శీతాకాలంలోను ప్రకృతి సౌందర్యాన్ని, రమణీయతను ఇతను గుర్తిస్తున్నాడు. ఇక్కడ మిడత తీవ్ర వేసవి కాలానికి చిహ్నం మరియు కీచురాయి చల్లని శీతాకాలానికి చిహ్నం. చలికాలంలో అతి శీతలమైన సాయంత్రం, పక్షులు పాడటం మానేస్తాయి. ఆ సమయంలో, కీచురాయి పాడటం ప్రారంభమౌతుంది. అతను ప్రతిచోటా ఆనందం యొక్క వెచ్చదనాన్ని సుఖాన్ని వ్యాప్తి చేస్తాడు. సగం నిద్రలో ఉన్నవారు పచ్చటి కొండల నుండి వచ్చే మిడతపాట అని భావిస్తారు. ఆ విధంగా, ప్రకృతి అందాన్ని సౌందర్యాన్ని అతను వర్ణిస్తున్నాడు.

విమర్శ : కాలంతో సంబంధం లేకుండా, ప్రకృతి ఎల్లవేళలా అందంగా ఉంటుందని కవి సందేశం పంపాడు. అన్ని సందర్భాలలో, మనం జీవితంలో ఆనందంగా ఉండాలి.

Paragraph Questions & Answers (Section A, Q.No.4, Marks: 4)
Answer the following Questions in about 100 words

a) What is the theme of the poem on the Grasshopper and Cricket? (Revision Test – I)
Answer:
The poem “On the Grasshoppers and Cricket’ is written by John Keats, an English Romantic poet. He has devoted his life to the perfection of poetry. In this poem, John Keats depicts the beauty of Nature. He says that the poetry of earth as symbols to praise Nature is never ending beauty.

Seasons may come and go but Nature never fails to inspire us with its songs. When birds stop singing in extreme heat, the earth is filled with the songs of a grasshopper. He sings endlessly, but when tired rests under some pleasant weed. During winter birds stop singing. There is a deathly silence. Frost spreads its blanket over Nature. Regardless, a shrill second comes from beneath stones and it is the cricket singing. Its song restores warmth. Thus, the small creatures prove to the world that the poetry of earth never ceases.

“On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను పద్యం ఆంగ్ల రొమాంటిక్ కవి జాన్ కీట్స్ చే రచింపబడింది. కవిత్వం యొక్క పరిపూర్ణతకు ఇతను తన జీవితాన్ని అంకితం చేశాడు. ఈ పద్యంలో, ప్రకృతి యొక్క సౌందర్యాన్ని కీట్స్ వివరిస్తున్నాడు. ప్రకృతి/భూమి యొక్క కవిత్వం/సంగీతం, పాట ఎప్పటికీ నిలిచిపోదు అని అంటున్నాడు ఇతడు. శాశ్వతమైన ప్రకృతి సౌందర్యాన్ని స్తుతించుటకు, ప్రశంసించుటకు ఇతను మిడతను మరియు కీచురాయిలను చిహ్నాలుగా ఉపయోగించాడు. ఋతువులు, కాలాలు రావాలి, పోవాలి కానీ ప్రకృతి తన పాటలతో, సంగీతంతో మనల్ని ప్రేరేపించడంలో ఎన్నడూ విఫలం చెందదు. తీవ్రమైన వేసవి వేడిలో పక్షులు పాడటం ఆపినపుడు,  భూమి/ప్రకృతి మిడత పాటలతో నింపబడుతుంది. ఇది నిరంతరాయంగా పాడుతూ ఉంటుంది.

అయితే అలసట చెందినపుడు, ఆహ్లాదకరమైన కలుపు మొక్క కింద విశ్రాంతి తీసుకుంటుంది. శీతాకాలంలో పక్షులు పాడటం ఆపుతాయి. అక్కడ పూర్తి, ఘోరమైన నిశ్శబ్దం ఉంటుంది. మంచు తన దుప్పటిని ప్రకృతి మీద కప్పుతుంది. అయినప్పటికీ, రాళ్ళ క్రింద నుండి ఒక గంభీరమైన శబ్దం, స్వరం వస్తుంది. అది కీచురాయి గానం. దీనిపాట సౌఖ్యాన్ని పునరుద్దిస్తుంది. అలా, ప్రకృతి కవిత్వం ఎప్పటికీ కనుమరుగవ్వదని, నిలిచిపోదని ఈ సూక్ష్మజీవులు ప్రపంచానికి ఋజువు చేస్తున్నాయి.

b) According to Keats, when does one hear a cricket’s song?
Answer:
The poem ” On the Grasshopper and Cricket” is written by John Keats. He is an English Romantic poet. He has developed his life to the perfections of poetry. According to him, the poetry of earth never ceases. He uses the Grasshopper and Cricket as symbols to praise Nature’s never ending beauty. Seasons may come and go. Nature never fails to inspire us with its songs. During cold winter, the birds stop singing.

There is deathly silence. Frost spreads fits blanket over Nature. Then a shrill sand comes from beneath stones and it is the Cricket singing. He breaks this silences. So, we can hear the song of the Cricket in winter. Its song restores warmth.

“On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను పద్య౦ జాన్ కీట్స్ చే రచింపబడింది. ఇతను ఒక రొమాంటిక్ కవి. ఇతను తన జీవితాన్ని కవిత్వ పరిపూర్ణతకు అంకితం చేశాడు. ఈ పద్య౦లో ప్రకృతి యొక్క సౌందర్యాన్ని వర్ణిస్తున్నారు. ఇత) ఉద్దేశ్యంలో ప్రకృతి కావ్యం శాశ్వతం. ఎన్నడూ కనుమరుగు అవ్వదు. వాటన్నిటికీ కనుమరుగు అవ్వని ప్రికృ ) సౌం గర్యాన్ని ప్రశంసించుటకు, ఇతను మిడతను మరియు కీచురాయిలను చిహ్నాలుగా ఉపయోగించాడు. కీచురాయి అతి శీతాకాలానికి చిహ్నం ఇక్కడ. (కాలాలు) ఋతువులు రావచ్చు పోవచ్చు.

కానీ ప్రకృతి తన సంగీతంతో మనల్ని ప్రేరేపించుటలో ఎన్నడూ విఫలం చెందదు. అతి శీతాకాలంలో, పక్షులు పాడటం నిలిపివేస్తాయి. అక్కడ పూర్తిగా నిశ్శబ్దం. మంచు తన దుప్పటిని ప్రకృతి మీద పరచుతుంది. అప్పుడు ఒక గంభీరమైన స్వరం రాళ్ళ క్రింద నుండి వస్తుంది. అది కీచురాయి గానం. ఈ నిశ్శబ్దాన్ని ఆ స్వరం విచ్ఛిన్నం చేస్తుంది. శీతాకాల సమయంలో మన కీచురాయి పాటను వినగలం. దీని పాట సుఖం, వెచ్చదనాన్ని ఇస్తుంది. పునరుద్దరిస్తుంది.

c) When does a grasshopper sing?
Answer:
The poem” On the Grasshopper and Cricket” is written by John Keats. He is an English Romantic poet. He has developed his life to the perfections of poetry. In this poem, he depicts the beauty of nature. He says that the poetry of earth never ceases. He uses the Grasshopper and Cricket as symbols to praise Nature’s never ending beauty. Seasons may come and go. But Nature never fails to inspire us with its songs.

During hot summer, all the singing birds stop singing and take rest under the shady branches of trees. But the song of the nature goes on. We can hear the voice of the grasshopper, who runs from hedge to hedge. He sings endlessly, but when tired rests under some pleasant weed. Thus, the grasshopper sings during summer.

“On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను కావ్యం జాన్ కీట్స్ చే రచింపబడింది. ఇతను ఒక ఆంగ్ల రొమాంటిక్ కవి. కవిత్వం యొక్క పరిపూర్ణతకు తన జీవితాన్ని అంకితం చేశాడు. ఈ పద్య౦లో ప్రకృతి సౌందర్యాన్ని ఇతను వర్ణిస్తున్నాడు. ప్రకృతి కావ్యం (భూమి) శాశ్వతం అది ఎప్పటికీ కనుమరుగు అవ్వదు అని చెప్తున్నాడు. ఎప్పటికీ కనుమరుగు అవ్వని, శాశ్వతమైన ప్రకృతి సౌందర్యాన్ని ప్రశంసించుటకు, కవి మిడతను మరియు కీచురాయిలను చిహ్నాలుగా ఉపయోగించాడు. ఋతువులు (కాలాలు) రావచ్చు, పోవచ్చు కానీ ప్రకృతి తన పాటలతో మనల్ని ప్రేరేపించుటలో ఎన్నడూ విఫలం చెందదు. తీవ్ర వేసవి సమయంలో పాడే పక్షులన్నీ పాడటం ఆపి చెట్ల కొమ్మల నీడలో విశ్రాంతి తీసుకుంటాయి.

కానీ, ప్రకృతి మాత్రం తన పోరును కొనసాగిస్తుంది. పొదల నుండి పొదలకు పరుగెడుతూ పాడే మిడతను మనం వినగలం. ఇది నిరంతరం పాడుతుంది. అయితే అలసిపోయినప్పుడు ఒక సుందరమైన కలుపు మొక్క క్రింద విశ్రాంతి తీసుకుంటుంది. అలా, మిడత వేసవికాలంలో పాడుతూ ఉంటుంది.

d) Discuss the common features between the grasshopper and cricket.
Answer:
The poem ” On the Grasshopper and Cricket” is written by John Keats. He is an English Romantic poet. He has developed his life to the perfections of poetry. In this poem, he depicts the beauty of nature. He says that the poetry of earth never ceases. He uses the Grasshopper and the Cricket as symbol to praise nature’s never ending beauty. Seasons may come and go. But, nature never fails to inspire us with its songs.

Therefore both the grasshopper r and the cricket are the representative voices of nature’s music or poetry. Both offer a soothing effect to the extremities of climate. The grasshoppers song balances the extreme heat during the summer by providing music that is comforting and pleasing the cricket does the same during winter.

“On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను కావ్యం జాన్ కీట్స్ చే రచింపబడింది. ఇతను ఒక ఆంగ్ల రొమాంటిక్ కవి. కవిత్వం యొక్క పరిపూర్ణతకు తన జీవితాన్ని అంకితం చేశాడు. ఈ పద్య౦లో, అతను ప్రకృతి సౌందర్యాన్ని వర్ణిస్తాడు. ప్రకృతి కావ్యం పాట ఎల్లవేళలా ఉంటుంది. అది ఎన్నటికీ ఆగిపోదని చెప్తున్నాడు. ఎల్లవేళలా ఉం ప్రకృతి సౌందర్యాన్ని ప్రశంసించుటకు, మిడతను మరియు కీచురాయిని చిహ్నాలుగా కవి ఉపయోగించాడు. కాలాలు రావచ్చు, పోవచ్చు.

కానీ, ప్రకృతి తన మధురమైన పాటలతో మనల్ని ప్రేదెంచుటలో ఎన్నడూ విఫలమవ్వదు. కాబట్టి మిడత మరియు కీచురాయి రెండూ ప్రకృతి సంగీతం లేదా కవిత్వానికి ప్రాతినిధ్య స్వరాలు. రెండూ వాతావరణం యొక్క అంత్య భాగాలకు ఓదార్పు ప్రభావాన్ని అందిస్తాయి. మిడత పాట ఓ కారని మరియు ఆహ్లాదకరమైన సంగీతాన్ని అందించడం ద్వారా వేసవిలో తీవ్రమైన వేడిని సమతుల్యం చేస్తుంది. చలికాలంలో కీచురాయి కూడా అదే పని చేస్తుంది.

One the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in English

About Author

John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English poet of the second generation of Romantic poets, with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, although his poems had been in publication for less than four years when he died of tuberculosis at the age of 25. They were indifferently received in his lifetime, but his fame grew rapidly after his death. The Encyclopaedia Britannica of 1888 called one ode “one of the final masterpieces”. Today his poems and letters remain among the most popular and analysed in English literature – in particular “Ode to a Nightingale”, “Ode on a Grecian Urn”, “Sleep and Poetry” and the sonnet “On First Looking into. Chapman’s Homer”.

The poem ‘On the Grasshopper and Cricket’ is written by John Keats in December 1816. It is a fine piece of Petrarchan Sonnet. It is inspired by the beauty of nature. It is about Nature and says that the poetry of earth never ceases the poet celebrates the music of the earth in this poem. He finds beauty in hot summer as well as in the cold winter. He Symbolizes the grasshopper as hot summer and the cricket as a very cold winter. He says that the music of nature or earth is always alive whether it is hot summer or cold winter.

Seasons may come and go. But nature never fails too inspire us with its songs. During the hot summer all the singing birds are tired and take rest under the shady branches of trees. They stop singing. But the song of nature goes on. We can still hear the voice of the grasshopper who runs from hedge to hedge. He sings endlessly and timelessly, and when tired, rests under some pleasant weed thus, the grasshopper carries on the duty of singing the everlasting song of nature. During summer, he is a fun loving and cheerful creature.

The poet further says that during the cold winter also the birds are silent. There is cutter silence on the frosty winter days. But the earth has its own way of expressing pleasure and joys. A cricket sings through the stones and breaks this silence. He sings from the stones but not from the trees. His songs appears to be increasingly the warmth every moment. People can hear it sitting in their houses. However, the poet says that to a person who is half sleep, it may appear to be a grasshoppers song coming from the grassy hills.

Thus, we can say that the grasshopper and the cricket perform a big responsibility. They carry on with nature’s continuous and everlasting music irrespective of the extreme climate. The poet has thus personified them. They are a symbol of constant joyous mood of nature. Hence the poem teaches us that we shall be joyful and pleasant no matter what the situations are in our life. With this attitude, we can easily over come all the obstacles in life.

One the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in Telugu

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

“On the Grasshopper and Cricket” అను పద్య౦ జాన్ కీట్స్ చే 1816లో వ్రాయబడింది. ఇది పెట్రార్కన్ సొనెట్ యొక్క చక్కటి భాగం. ఇది ప్రకృతి అందంచే ప్రేరణపొందింది. ఇది ప్రకృతికి సంబంధించిన కావ్యం మరియు భూమి యొక్క కవిత్వం ఎప్పటికీ నిలిచిఉంటుంది ఆగిపోదని చెప్తుంది. కవి ఈ పద్య౦లో భూమి యొక్క సంగీతాన్ని గురించి గొప్పగా చెప్తున్నాడు. అతను తీవ్ర వేసవిలో మరియు చల్లని శీతాకాలంలో అందాన్ని చూస్తున్నాడు. అతను మిడతను వేడి వేసవిగా మరియు క్రికెట్ కీచురాయిని చాలా చల్లని శీతాకాలంగా సూచిస్తాడు. అది వేడి వేసవి లేదా చల్లని, తీవ్రమైన శీతాకాలమైనా, ప్రకృతి లేదా భూమి యొక్క సంగీతం ఎల్లప్పుడూ సజీవంగా ఉంటుందని చెప్తున్నాడు కవి.

ఋతువులు రావచ్చు మరియు పోవచ్చు. కానీ ప్రకృతిని పాటలతో మనల్ని ప్రేరేపించడంతో అది ఎప్పుడూ విఫలం కాదు. తీవ్ర వేసవి సమయంలో, పాడే పక్షులనీ అలిసిపోయి చెట్ల కొమ్మలో నీడ క్రింద విశ్రాంతి తీసుకుంటాయి. అవి పాడటం ఆపి వేస్తాయి. కానీ ప్రకృతి పాట మాత్రం కొనసాగుతుంది. కంచె నుండి కంచె వరకు పరిగెత్తుతూ పాడే మిడతగొంతు మనము ఇప్పటికీ వినగలము. ఇది అలసిపోకుండా మరియు నిరంతరం పాడుతూ మరియు అలసిపోయినప్పుడు ఒక సులభమైన కలుపు మెలికల క్రింద విశ్రాంతి తీసుకుంటాడు. ఈ విధంగా మిడత ప్రకృతి యొక్క శాశ్వతమైన పాటను పాడే బాధను నిర్వహిస్తుంది వేసవిలో, ఇది సరదాను ప్రేమించే మరియు ఉల్లాసంగా ఉండేవి.

చలికాలంలో కూడా పక్షులు మౌనంగా ఉంటాయి. కవి ఇంకా చెప్తాడు. అతిశీతలమైన శీతాకాలపు రోజులలో పూర్తిగా నిశ్శబ్దం. కానీ, భూమికి ఆనందం మరియు ఆక్రందాలను వ్యక్తీకరించడానికి దానికి స్వంతమార్గం ఉంది అంటున్నాడు. ఒక కీచురాయి రాళ్ళలో పాడుతూ ఈ నిశ్శబ్దాన్ని ఛేదిస్తుంది. ఇది చెట్లు నుండి కాదు, రాళ్ళ నుండి పాడుతోంది. అతని పాట ప్రతిక్షణం వెచ్చదనాన్ని పెంచుతుంది. జనం తమ ఇళ్ళలో కూర్చుని వినగలరు దీన్ని. ఏది ఏమైనప్పటికీ, సగం నిద్రలో ఉన్న వ్యక్తికి ఇది (గడ్డి కొండలు) పచ్చటి కొండల నుండి వచ్చే Grasshopper పాటగా కనిపిస్తుందని కవి చెప్తాడు.

అలా, మిడత మరియు కీచురాయి పెద్ద బాధ్యతను నిర్వర్తిస్తాయని మనం చెప్పగలం. వారు తీవ్రమైన వాతావరణాలతో సంబంధం లేకుండా ప్రకృతి యొక్క నిరంతర మరియు శాశ్వతమైన సంగీతాన్ని కొనసాగిస్తారు. కవి ఈ విధంగా వాటిని వ్యక్తీకరించాడు. అవి ప్రకృతి యొక్క స్థిరమైన ఆనందకరమైన స్థితికి చిహ్నం ప్రతీక. కాబట్టి జీవితంలో ఎలాంటి పరిస్థితులు ఎదురైనా మనం ఆనందంగా, ఆహ్లాదకరంగా ఉండమని ఈ పద్య౦ బోధిస్తుంది. ఈ వైఖరితో మనం జీవితంలోని అన్ని అడ్డంకులను అయినా సులభంగా అధిగమించవచ్చు. ఇది ఈ కావ్యం సందేశం.

One the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in Hindi

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

‘ऑन द ग्रासहोपर एंड क्रिकेट” नामक कविता दिसंबर 1816 में जॉन कीट्स द्वारा लिखा गया है । यह पेट्रार्चन सॉनेट की बेहतरीन रचना है । यह प्रकृति की सुंदरता से प्रेरित है। यह प्रकृति के बारे में है । कवि कहते हैं कि पृथ्वी की कविता कभी समाप्त नहीं होती । इस कविता में कवि पृथ्वी के संगीत का जश्न मनाते हैं। वे तपती गर्मी में तथा कड़ाके की ठंड में सुंदरता पाते हैं। वे टिड्डे को भीषण गर्मी और झींगुर को बहुत ठंडी सर्दी के रूप में दशति है। उनका कहना है कि प्रकृति या पृथ्वी का संगीत हमेशा जीवित रहता है, चाहे वह गर्मी हो या सर्दी ।

मैसम आ सकते हैं और जा सकते हैं। लेकिन प्रकृति अपने गीतों से हमें प्रेरित करन में कभी असफल नहीं होती है । तपती गरमी में सभी गानेवाले पक्षी थक जाते हैं और कृक्षों की शाखाओं के नीचे छाया में आराम लेते हैं । ने गाना बंद कर देते हैं । लेकिन प्रकृति का गाना जारी होता है । टिड्डे की आवाज हमें अभी भी सुनाई देती है, जो बाड़े से बाड़े तक दौड़ता है। वह लगातार और अथक जाता है और जब वह थक जाता है तब सुखद अपतृण के नीचे आराम लेता है । इस प्रकार टिड्डा प्रकृति का चिरस्थायी गीत गाने का कर्तव्य निभाता है । गर्मी के दौरान वह कौतुक – प्रिय और प्रमुदित प्राणी है ।

कवि आगे कहते हैं कि बहुत सर्दी के दौरान पक्षी खामोश होते हैं। वहत ठंडी सर्दियों के दिनों मे पूरी खानेशी होती है। लेकिन धरती को अपनी प्रसन्नता और हर्ष व्यक्त करने का तरीका है । झीर पत्थरों से गाता है और इस चुप्पी को तोड़ता है । वह पत्थरों से गाता है । न कि पेड़ों से । उसका गाना हर पल सरगर्मी और जोश बढ़ाता है । लोग अपने घर में बैठकर इसे सुन सकते हैं। हालाँकि, कवि कहते हैं कि जो व्यक्ति आधी नींद में है, उसे लगता है कि टिड्डे का गाना घास की पहाड़ियाँ से आता है ।

इस प्रकार, हम कह सकते हैं कि टिड्डा और झींगुर बड़ी जिम्मेदारी निभाते हैं । तीव्र जलवायु की परवाह किए बिना वे प्रकृति का निरंतर और चिरस्थायी संगीत जारी रखते हैं। इस प्रकार कवि ने उन्हें साकार किया । वे निरंतर खुशियों के प्रतीक हैं । इस दृष्ट से यह कविता हमें सिखाती है कि हमारी जिंदगी में चाहे जो भी परिस्थितियाँ हों, हमें हर्षित और सुखद होना चाहिए । इस दृष्टि कोण से हम जिंदगी में सभी बाधाएँ आसानी से पार कर सकते है |

Meanings and Explanations

grasshopper(n)/ (గ్రస్ హూప(ర్)/’gra:shɒp.ə(r)/ : A plant eating insect, మిడుత, पैधा खानेवाला एक कीड़ा

cricket(n)/ (క్రికెట్) / krɪk.ɪt : a small jumping insect that makes a loud sound, కీచురాయి, ज्यादा आवाज करने वाला छलाग मालनेवाला एक छोटा कीडा

faint(adj)/ (ఫెఇంట్)/ feɪnt : Feeling weak and tired, అలసిపోయిన, कमजोर और थका हुआ महसूस करना

hide (v)/ (హైడ్)/ haɪd : be behind; వెనుక, చాటున, నీడన ఉండు, छिपाना, छिपना

hedge (హెజ్)/hedʒ : a thick bush ; పొదల పరంపర

mown(v-pp)(ofmow)(మఉన్) / məʊn : Trionmed with a sharp blade or machine cut; కత్తిరించబడిన

mead(n) : Meadows; పచ్చిక బయలు , घास के मैदान

new mown mead : Freshly cut grassland; కొత్తగా మట్టసమంగా కత్తిరించబడిన పచ్చిక బయలు, अभी – अभी काटा गया घास का मैदान

he has never done : ఆయన పని కొనసాగుతూనే ఉంటుంది అంతము, ముగింపు ఉండదు

delights(n-pl)(డిలైటెస్)/dɪlaɪt : Joys; సరదాలు, వినోదాలు, खुशियाँ

weed(n)/ (వీడ్)/ wi:d : wild plant; కలుపు మొక్క , जंगली पौधा

ceasing(v+ing)/ (సీసింగ్) /si:sın : stop; ముగిస్తున్న, रोकना

frost(n)/frost(ఫ్రోస్ట్)/ frɒst : a cover of ice particles; మంచు పొరలు, बर्फ

wrought(v-pp)(of work)/(రోట్) / rɔ:t : worked ; done ; చేసెను, पूरा करना

shrills(v-pre.ten)/(షి ల్ జ్) / ʃrɪlz : Comes through loud and clear, స్పష్టంగా పెద్దగా వస్తున్న

drowsiness(n) / (డ్రౌజినెస్)/’draʊ.zi.nəs: sleepiness; నిద్ర మత్తు, आधी नींद

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 1st Lesson Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T S Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 1st Lesson Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T S

Annotations (Section A, Q.No. 2, Marks: 4)
Annotate the following in about 100 words each.

a) We are meeting today (Revision Test – I)
to wish her bon voyage.

Reference: These lines are taken from the satirical and humorous poem “Goodby party for Miss Pushpa TS” by Nission Ezekid, a.versalite Indo-Anglian poet with a great sense of humour and wit.

Context and Explanation: It is a farewell speech for miss pushpa, who is leaving the country the poem is a parody of English as used by some indians. The speaker adresses his colleagues as friends and miss pushpa as sister.

Critical Comment: The lines highlight the speaker’s good nature and good intention. The style is simple and clear.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ పంక్తులు గొప్ప హాస్యం మరియు చమత్కారంతో బహుముఖ ఇండో-ఆంగ్లియన్ కవి నిస్సిమ్ ఎజెకిల్ వ్రాసిన వ్యంగ్య మరియు హాస్య భరితమైన “మిస్ పుష్పా టి ఎస్కు వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ” అను పద్య౦ నుండి గ్రహించబడ్డాయి.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : దేశం విడిచి వెళ్లిపోతున్న మిస్ పుష్పాకి ఇది వీడ్కోలు ప్రసంగం. ఈ పద్య౦ కొంతమంది భారతీయులు ఉపయోగించే ఆంగ్లంకు అనుకరణ. వారి స్నేహితురాలు విదేశాలకు బయలుదేరబోతున్నందున స్పీకర్ సమావేశం యొక్క ఉద్దేశ్యాన్ని ప్రకటిస్తాడు. వారు ఆమెకు వీడ్కోలు చెప్పడానికి అక్కడ సమావేశమయ్యారు. వారు ఆమెకు మంచి ప్రయాణం కావాలని కోరుకుంటారు. స్పీకర్ తన సహోద్యోగులను స్నేహితులు అని సంబోధిస్తాడు మరియు మిస్ పుష్పాను సోదరి అని సంబోధిస్తాడు.

విమర్శ : ఈ పంక్తులు స్పీకర్ యొక్క మంచి స్వభావం మరియు మంచి ఉద్దేశాలను హైలైట్ చేస్తాయి. శైలి సరళమైనది మరియు స్పష్టంగా ఉంది.

b) I don’t mean only external sweetness
but internal sweetness.

Reference: These lines are taken from the satired and humorous poem Good by party for Miss.Pushpa TS” written by Nission Ezekiel, a versatile Indo-Anglian poet with a great sense of humour and wit. The poem is a parody of English as used by some Indians.

Context and Explanation: It is a farewell speech for miss pushpa, who is leaving the country. The speaker announces the purpose of the gathering. They have gathered there to bid farewell to her. They want to wish her a good and happy voyage. He addresses his colleagues as friends and pushpa as sister. He tells them of the sweetness which is in pushpa and which they are all knowing. He says that he is not referring only her external sweetness, but her internal sweetness. He praises her, saying that she is beautiful not only because her charms but her honesty as well.

Critical Comment: The speaker is actually trying to exaggerate to his love and respect for Miss Pushpa. It is quote common in Indian culture.

c) That is showing (Revision Test – I)
good spirit. I am always
appreciating the good spirit.

Reference: These lines are extracted from the satirical and humorous peom “Goodbye party for Miss Pushpa TS” written by Nission Ezhekiel, a versatile Indo-Anglion poet with a great sense of humour and wit. The poem is a parody of English as used by some Indians.

Context and Explanation: It is a farewell speech for Miss pushpa, who is leaving the country. On the occasion, the speaker is praising the helpful nature of Miss. Pushpa. He praises her good nature. Whenever he asked her to do anything, she was saying that she would do it just now only. This reply from her is showing her good spirit and he is always appreciating the good spirit.

Critical Comment: This shows her good spirit and her readiness to do any work she is a willing worker.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ పంక్తులు గొప్ప హాస్యం మరియు చమత్కారం గల బహుముఖ ప్రజ్ఞావంతుడైన ఇండో- ఆంగ్లియన్ కవి నిస్సిమ్ ఎజెకిల్ వ్రాసిన వ్యంగ్య మరియు హాస్యభరితమైన “మిస్ పుష్పా టి ఎస్కు వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ” అను పద్యం నుండి గ్రహించబడ్డాయి. కొంతమంది భారతీయులు ఉపయోగించే ఆంగ్లంకు అనుకరణ ఈ పద్యం.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : దేశం విడిచి విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్న మిస్ పుష్పాకి ఇది వీడ్కోలు ప్రసంగం. ఈ సందర్భ౦ గా, స్పీకర్ మిస్ పుష్పా యొక్క సహాయక స్వభావాన్ని ప్రశంసిస్తున్నారు. అతను ఆమె మంచి స్వభావాన్ని ప్రసంసిస్తాడు. అతను ఆమెను ఏదైనా చేయమని అడిగినప్పుడల్లా ఆమె ఇపుడే చేస్తానని చెప్తుంది. ఆమె నుండి ఈ సమాధానం ఆమె మంచి స్పూర్తిని చూపుతుంది మరియు అతను ఎల్లప్పుడూ మంచి స్ఫూర్తిని అభినందిస్తున్నాడు.

విమర్శ : ఇది ఆమె మంచి స్ఫూర్తిని మరియు ఏదైనా పని చేయడానికి ఆమె సంసిద్ధతను చూపుతుంది. ఆమె ఇష్ట పూర్వకంగా పనిచేసేది.

d) Pushpa miss is never saying no.
Whatever I or anybody is asking
She is always saying yes.
Reference: These lines are taken from the satired and humorous poem “Good bye party

Miss Pushpa TS” written by Nission Ezhekiel, a reversabile Indo-Anglian poet with a great sense of humour and wit. The poem is a parody of English as used by some Indians.

Context and Explanation: It is a farewell speech for Miss pushpa, who is leaving the country. In this context the speaker context the speaker continues this shower of praises on Miss. Pushpa. Here, he is using the word ‘Miss’ after Pushpa, a quite often used expression in Indian English. In the second sentences, he uses progressing tense instead of simple present. These are all true translations from vernacular language. Here, the speaker says that she is always ready to help whenever Leanybody asks her. She is always saying yes. Today the speaker and other colleagues have gathered there to wish her happy journey as she is going abroad to improve her prospects.

Critical Comment: Here, the speaker is praising the helpful nature of Miss Pushpa, a willing worker.

కవి పరిచయం : ఈ పంక్తులు గొప్ప హాస్యం మరియు చమత్కారం గల బహుముఖ ఇండో-ఆంగ్లియన్ కవి నిస్సిమ్ ఎజెకిల్ వ్రాసిన వ్యంగ్య మరియు హాస్యభరితమైన పద్య౦ “మిస్ పుష్పా టి ఎస్కు వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ” నుండి తీసుకొనబడ్డాయి.

సందర్భ౦ మరియు అర్థం : దేశం విడిచి విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్న మిస్ పుష్పాకి ఇది వీడ్కోలు ప్రసంగం. ఈ సందర్భ౦ లో, స్పీకర్ మిస్ పుష్పాపై ప్రశంసల వర్షం కురిపించాడు. ఇక్కడ, అతను మిస్ అను పదాన్ని పుష్ప తర్వా ఉపయోగించాడు. ఇది భారతీయులు ఆంగ్లంలో తరచుగా ఉపయోగించే వ్యక్తీకరణ. రెండవ వాక్యంలో simple present బదులు present progre ssive ఉపయోగించాడు. ఇవన్నీ స్థానిక భాష నుండి వచ్చిన నిజమైన అనువాదాలు. ఇక్కడ, అతను లేదా ఎవరైనా ఆమెను అడిగినప్పుడు సహాయం చేయడానికి ఆమె ఎల్లప్పుడూ సిద్ధంగా ఉంటుందని స్పీకర్ చెప్పాడు. ఆమె ఎల్లప్పుడూ అవును అని చెప్తుంది. ఈ రోజు స్పీకర్ మరియు ఇతర సహోద్యోగులు, ఆమె అవకావాలను మెరుగుపరుచు కోవడానికి ఆమె విజయాలను వెతుక్కుంటూ విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్న సందర్భ౦గా ఆమెకు శుభ ప్రయాణాన్ని తెలియజేయటానికి సమావేశమయ్యారు.

విమర్శ : ఇక్కడ మిస్ పుష్పా యొక్క సహాయ స్వభావాన్ని స్పీకర్ మెచ్చుకుంటున్నాడు.

Paragraph Questions & Answers (Section A, Q.No.4, Marks: 4)
Answer the following Questions in about 100 words

a) Do you agree that the poem Goodbye party for Miss Pushpa T.S. is a farewell address? Justify your response.
Answer:
The poem “Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa TS” is written by Nission Ezekiel. He is one of India’s foremost Indo-Anglian Poets. He is a versatile poet with a great sense of humour and wit. His present poem is a parody of English as used by some Indians the little itself says that it is about a farewell party. The speaker announces in the very beginning that the purpose of that meeting is to bid farewell to Miss Pushpa, who is leaving the country they all want to wish her a good journey the speaker delivers a formed farewell speech.

He praises Miss Pushpa is nature. He referes to her helpful speech. He praises Miss Pushpa is nature. He refers to her helpful qualities. He also appreciates her concern for friends. And then he invites other friends to speak about Miss Pushpa. Hence i agree that the poem is a farewell address.

‘మిస్ పుష్పా టి ఎస్కి వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ’ అను పద్య౦ను నిస్సిమ్ ఎజెకిల్ వ్రాసాడు. అతను భారతదేశపు అగ్రగామి ఇండో ఆంగ్లియన్ కవులలో ఒకడు. అతను గొప్ప హాస్యం మరియు చమత్కారం గల బహుముఖ కవి. ఇతని ప్రస్తుత పద్యం కొంతమంది భారతీయులు ఉపయోగించే ఆంగ్లంకు అనుకరణ. దీని పేరులోనే ఇది వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ అని చెబుతుంది. దేశం విడిచి వెళ్లిపోతున్న పుష్పకు వీడ్కోలు పలకడమే ఆ సమావేశం ఉద్దేశమని స్పీకర్ ప్రారంభంలోనే ప్రకటించారు. వారంతా ఆమెకు మంచి ప్రయాణం కావాలని కోరుకుంటూ దీవిస్తున్నారు.

స్పీకర్ అధికారిక, సంప్రదాయక వీడ్కోలు ప్రసంగం చేస్తారు. అతను మిస్ పుష్పా యొక్క స్వభావాన్ని ప్రశంసించాడు. అతను ఆమె సహాయక లక్షణాలను తెలియజేస్తున్నాడు. స్నేహితుల పట్ల ఆమెకున్న శ్రద్ధను కూడా అభినందిస్తున్నాడు. ఆపై అతను మిస్ పుష్పా గురించి మాట్లాడటానికి ఇతర స్నేహితులను ఆహ్వానిస్తాడు. అందుకే ఈ పద్యం వీడ్కోలు చిరునామా ప్రసంగం అని నేను అంగీకరిస్తున్నాను.

b) How does the speaker describe Miss. Pushpa in the poem ? (Revision Test – I)
Answer:
The poem “Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T.S.” is written by Nission Ezekiel. He is a versatile poet with a great sense of humor and wit. His present poem is a parody of English as used by some Indians. It is a farewell speach for Miss Pushpa, who is going abroad. On this occasion, they have gathered there to bid farewell to her. A person comes and gives a speech. the poet creates humour through the speakers description of Miss Pushpa. The speaker describes not only her internal but external sweetness.

He says that she always ‘smiles’ without reason. He describes her good and amicasle nature. He also refers to her helpful qualities. He appreciates her concern for friends. He says that she always says ‘yes’ to any of their request. Thus, he is trying to exaggesate to show his love and respect for her. But, he doesn’t realize that he is describing her humorously and very lovsely. He doesn’t mind that his English is wrong linguestically. Thus, he describes her humorously with his Babu English.

‘మిస్ పుష్పా టి ఎస్కి వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ’ అను పద్యం నిస్సిమ్ ఎజెకిల్ చే వ్రాయబడింది. అతను గొప్ప హాస్యం మరియు చమత్కారం గల బహుముఖ కవి. అతని ప్రస్తుత పద్యం కొంతమంది భారతీయులు ఉపయోగించే ఆంగ్లభాషకు అనుకరణ. విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్న మిస్ పుష్పాకి ఇది వీడ్కోలు ప్రసంగం. ఈ సందర్భ౦లో, సహోద్యోగులు మరియు మిత్రులు. ఆమెకు వీడ్కోలు పలుకుటకు సమావేశమయ్యారు. వారిలో ఒక వ్యక్తి వచ్చి ప్రసంగిస్తాడు. మిస్ పుష్ప గురించి స్పీకర్ విరణ ద్వారా కవి హాస్యాన్ని సృష్టిస్తాడు. కేవలం ఆమె అంతర్గత, మానసిక మాధుర్యాన్ని కాదు ఆమె బాహ్య మాధుర్యాన్ని కూడా స్పీకర్ వివరిస్తాడు. ఆమె ఎల్లప్పుడూ ఎలాంటి కారణం లేకుండానే నవ్వుతూ ఉంటుందని చెప్తాడు. ఆమె మంచి మరియు సామరస్య స్వభావాన్ని అతను వివరించాడు. ఆమె సహాయక లక్షణాలను కూడా తెలియజేస్తాడు. స్నేహితుల పట్ల ఆమెకున్న శ్రద్దను కూడా అభినందిస్తాడు. వారి అభ్యర్థనలలో దేనికైనా ఆమె ఎల్లప్పుడూ సరేనంటుందని అతను చెప్తాడు.

అలా, అతను మిస్ పుష్పా పట్ల తన ప్రేమ మరియు గౌరవాన్ని చూపించడానికి అతిశయోక్తి చేయడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తున్నాడు. కానీ అతను ఆమెను హాస్యభరితంగా మరియు చులకనగా వర్ణిస్తున్నాడన్న విషయాన్ని గ్రహించలేదు. తాను మాట్లాడుతూ ఆంగ్లం భాషాపరంగా తప్పు అని అతను గ్రహించలేడు. అలా, అతను తన బాబు (భారతీయుడు) ఆంగ్ల భాషతో ఆమెను హాస్యభరితంగా
వివరించాడు.

c) What is the control idea of the poems Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T.S.
Answer:
The poem “Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T.S.” is written by Nission Ezekiel. He is one of India’s foremost Indo-Anglian poets. He is a versatile poet with a great sense of humour and wit. The present poem is extract from his volume of poems, “Hymns in Darkness”. This poem is a parody of English as used by some Indians. It is a fare- well speech for Miss Pushpa, who is going abroad. The central idea of the poem is to highlight the character of Miss Pushpa. She is a sweet lady with an all time smile on her face.

The speaker says that she smiles and smiles even without a reason. She is very popular among people. She is full of spirits. She is always ready to do anything for everyone. The poet appreciates her readiness, spirit and pleasing smile. Thus,the main theme of this poem is to highlight her qualities and the speaker’s use of Babu English, which is linguistically wrong.

‘మిస్ పుష్పా టి ఎస్కి వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ’ అను పద్యం నిస్సిమ్ ఎజెకిల్ చే వ్రాయబడింది. అతను భారతదేశపు అగ్రగామి ఇండో ఆంగ్లియన్ కవులలో ఒకరు. అతను గొప్ప హాస్యం మరియు చమత్కారం గల బహు కవులలో ఒకరు. అతను గొప్ప హాస్య మరియు చమత్కారం గల బహుముఖకవి. అతని ప్రస్తుత పద్యం అతని “Hymns in Darkness” అను కవితా సంపుటి నుండి తీసుకోబడింది. కొంత మంది భారతీయులు ఉపయోగించే ఆంగ్లభాషకు అనుకరణ ఈ పద్యం. విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్న మిస్ పుష్పకి ఇది వీడ్కోలు ప్రసంగం.

ఈ కావ్య౦ యొక్క ప్రధాన ఉద్దేశం మిస్ పుష్ప వ్యక్తిత్వాన్ని హైలెట్ చేయడమే. ఆమె తన ముఖంపై ఎల్లప్పుడూ చిరునవ్వుతో ఉండే ఒక మధురమైన మహిళ. కారణం లేకుండానే ఆమె నవ్వుతుంది. నవ్వుతూ ఉంటుంది అని స్పీకర్ చెప్తాడు. జనంలో ఆమె చాలా ప్రసిద్ధి. ఆమె ఉత్సాహంతో ఉంటుంది. ఆమె ప్రతి ఒక్కరి కోసం ఏదైనా చేయడానికి ఎల్లప్పుడూ సిద్ధంగా ఉంటుంది. కవి ఆమె సంసిద్ధతను స్పూర్తిని మరియు ఆహ్లాదకరమైన చిరునవ్వును మెచ్చుకుంటాడు. అలా, ఈ పద్యం యొక్క ప్రధాన ఇతివృత్తం ఆమె లక్షణాలను మరియు భాషాపరంగా తప్పు అయిన స్పీకర్ యొక్క బాబు (Indian) ఆంగ్లను హైలెట్ చేయడం.

d) Does the poem bring out the sweetness of Miss Pushpa? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The poem “Goodbye party for Miss Pushpa TS” is written by Nission Ezekiel. He is a versatile poet with a great sense of humour and wit. The poem is an extract from his volume of pems. ‘Hymns in Darkness’. It is an parody of English as used by Some Indians. It is farewell party for Miss. Pushpa, who is going abroad for better prospects. The Speaker announces in the very beginning that they have gathered there to bid farewell to her. They want to wish her a happy journey.

On this occasion, the speaker brings out the sweetness Miss Pushpa. He starts praising her sweetness which is both internal and external. She is beautiful not only because of her charms, but her honesty also. She is a sweet lady with all smile on her face. She smiles without a reason. She belongs to a reputed family. She is very popular among people. She is always ready to do anything for everyone. Thus the poem brings out the sweetness of Miss Pushpa. It appreciates her concern for friends. These are sweet qualities of Miss Pushpa.

‘మిస్ పుష్పా టి ఎస్కి వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ’ అను పద్య౦ నిస్సిమ్ ఎజెకిల్ చే వ్రాయబడింది. అతను భారతదేశపు అగ్రగామి ఇండో ఆంగ్లియన్ కవులలో ఒకరు. అతను గొప్ప హాస్యం మరియు చమత్కారం గల బహుముఖ కవి. ప్రస్తుత పద్య౦ అతని “Hymns in Darkness” అను కవితా సంపుటి నుండి తీసుకోబడింది. గొప్ప విజయాల కోసం విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్న మిస్ పుష్పాకి వీడ్కోలు పార్టీ. ఆమెకు వీడ్కోలు పలకడం కోసమే వారు సమావేశమయ్యామనే స్పీకర్ ప్రారంభంలోనే బహిర్గతంచేస్తాడు. ఆమె సంతోషకరంగా ప్రయత్నించాలని దీవిస్తారు.

ఈ సందర్భ౦గా ఆమె మధురమైన వ్యక్తిత్వాన్ని స్పీకర్ వివరిస్తాడు. ఆమె భాషాపరమైన మరియు అంతర్గత మాధుర్యాన్ని సహితం ప్రశంసించటం ప్రారంభిస్తాడు. ఆమె అందగత్తె మాత్రమే కాదు నిజాయితీపరురాలు. తన ముఖంపై ఎల్లప్పుడూ చిరునవ్వు చిందించే ఒక మధురమైన మహిళ ఆమె. ఎలాంటి కారణం లేకుండానే నవ్వుతూ ఉంటుంది. ఆమె గొప్ప కుటుంబం నుంచి వచ్చిన మహిళ. ఆమె జనంలో చాలా ప్రసిద్ది. ఆమె ప్రతి ఒక్కరి కోసం ఏదైనా చేయడానికి ఎల్లప్పుడు సిద్ధంగా ఉంటుంది. అలా, ఈ పద్య౦ మిస్ పుష్పా యొక్క మాధుర్యాన్ని బహిర్గతం చేస్తుంది. ఇది స్నేహితుల పట్ల ఆమెకు ఉన్న శ్రద్ధను కూడా అభినందిస్తుంది. ఇవన్నీ మిస్ పుష్పా యొక్క మధురమైన గుణాలు, లక్షణాలు.

Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T S Summary in English

About Author

Nissim Ezekiel (16 December 1924 — 9 January 2004) [I] was an Indian Jewish poet, actor, playwright, editor and art critic.

He was a foundational figure in postcolonial India’s literary history, specifically for Indian Poetry in English. He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1983 for his collection, “Latter-Day Psalms”, by the Sahitya Akademi, India’s National Academy of Letters. Ezekiel enriched and established Indian English language poetry through his modernist innovations and techniques, which enlarged Indian English literature, moving it beyond purely spiritual and orientalist themes, to include a wider range of concerns and interests, including familial events, individual angst and skeptical societal introspection

The poem ‘Goodbye Party for Miss.Pushpa T.S” is wrtitten by misson Ezekivel, a famous Indo Anglian poet. there is no record of any two verses seing written in the same way the present poem is taken from his volume of poems, “Hymns Darkness”. This is a perfect medium English Poem. It is a very humorous and and rational metaphor. It tells all about Indian’s English pronunciation and english phrases. When someone learns a foreign language, it is definiteley influenced by their mother tongue. It is invented very humorously. Moreover, It shows how invented very humorously. Moreover, It shows how indians mostly prefer to use present progressive. The poet, has used this present progressive in many places in this poem. This poem is in the form of a speech. Miss pushpa T.S. is going abroad on the occassion of it a farewell meeting is orgar sed and a person gives a speech. On the occassion the speaker forest adresses his coleagues as friends and miss pushpa as sister. He says “Friendly our dear sister is going abroad in two or three days. We have gathered here to say good bye to the purpose of their gathering.”

He tells them of the sweetness which is in pushpa and which they are all knowing. He says that he is not referring only to Miss.Pushpa’s external swetness but her informal sweetness. Miss pushpa keeps smiling and smiling, even when there is no reason for her to smile, he further says the speaker goes on to say that Pushpa is coming from very high family and that her father was a well known advocate in surat, though he is not now remembering which place exactly.

The speaker then remembers the place and says that it was surat when he stayed once only with the members of his zenele’s very old friend. The housemaker was cooking nicely, but that was long time ago. coming back to Miss Pushpa, the speaker says that she is most popular lady with men also and ladies also. When he asked her anything, she never said no. She never says ‘No’ to any request by him or anybody. She is alwasy saying ‘Yes’; and today she is going to improve her prospects and they are wishing her a happy voyage.

At the end the speaker asks others to speak, telling them that words Miss Pushpa will speak and do the summing up.

Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T S Summary in Telugu

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa TS అనే ఈ పద్యభాగాన్ని Nissim Ezekiel అనే ప్రఖ్యాతిగాంచిన Indo- Anglian కవి రచించారు. ఏ రెండు పద్యాలు ఒక విధంగా వ్రాసిన దాఖలాలు లేవు. ఆయన రచించిన ‘Hymns and Darkness’ అనే సంపుటి నుండి ప్రస్తుత కావ్యంని గ్రహించారు. ఇది అచ్చమైన Indian English Poem. ఇది చాలా హాస్యభరితమైన వ్యంగ్య రూపకం. ఇది భారతీయుల ఆంగ్ల ఉచ్ఛారణ, ఆంగ్ల పదబంధాలు వాటన్నింటిని తెలియజేస్తుంది. ఎవరికైనా ఒక విదేశీ భాషను నేర్చుకునేటప్పుడు, దాని మీద వారి మాతృభాష ప్రభావం తప్పకుండా పడుతుంది. దీన్ని చాలా హాస్యభరితంగా ఆవిష్కరించారు. అంతేకాదు భారతీయులు ఎక్కువగా Present Progressiveని వాడుతూ ఉంటారు. ఈ పద్యంలో ఎన్నోచోట్ల కవి ఈ Present Progressive ని వాడారు.

ఈ poem ఒక speech రూపంలో ఉంటుంది. Miss Pushpa TS అనే స్త్రీ విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్న సందర్భంగా, వీడ్కోలు సభ ఏర్పాటుచేసి, ఆ సందర్భ౦గా, ఒక వ్యక్తి ప్రసంగిస్తారు. ఆయన మొదటగా స్నేహితులారా… మన ప్రియమైన సోదరి రెండు, మూడు రోజుల్లో విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్నారు. ఆ సందర్భ౦గా ఆమెకు వీడ్కోలు చెప్పటానికి మనము ఇక్కడ సమావేశమయ్యాము అని ప్రసంగిస్తాడు.

మిత్రులారా… మీ అందరికీ తెలుసు Miss Pushpa ఎంత మంచి వారో అంటే పైకి కనిపించటమే కాదు. ఆమె మనస్సు కూడా ఎంతో మధురమైనది. ఆమె ఎప్పుడూ నవ్వుతూనే ఉంటారు. ఒక్కోసారి పెద్దగా కారణం లేకపోయినా… ఆమెకి అలా అనిపిస్తే చాలు నవ్వుతూ ఉంటారు. Miss Pushpa చాలా మంచి ఘనత వహించిన కుటుంబం నుండి వచ్చారు. ఆమె తండ్రి సూరత్లో పెద్ద పేరున్న ప్లీడరుగారు. సూరత్లో ఏ ప్రదేశంలో అనేది నేను ఖచ్చితంగా చెప్పలేను.

మర్చిపోయాను, సూరత్ అంటే నాకో విషయం జ్ఞాపకం వస్తుంది. అదేంటంటే, నేనోసారి మా మామయ్య పాత స్నేహితుల ఇంట్లో, సూరత్లో ఉన్నాను. ఆ ఇంటావిడ చాలా బాగా వంట చేసేవారు. అదంతా ఇప్పుడు కాదులే. చాలా కాలం క్రితం మళ్ళీ Miss Pushpa గారి విషయానికి వస్తే ఆమె చాలా popular, ఆడవాళ్ళలోనే గాదు. మగవాళ్ళల్లో కూడా. నేను ఎప్పుడైనా ఏదైనా అడిగినా అస్సలు కాదనరు. నాకే కాదు ఎవ్వరికీ కాదని చెప్పరు. ఎప్పుడూ అవుననే అంటారు. ఇవ్వాళ ఆమె విజయాలని వెతుక్కుంటూ విదేశాలకు వెళుతున్నారు. ఆమెకి మన మందరం మంచి వీడ్కోలు చెబుదాం.

ఇప్పుడు ఇతరులను మాట్లాడమని విజ్ఞప్తి చేస్తున్నాను. ఆ తర్వాత Miss Pushpa గారు తన ప్రతిస్పందనను తెలియజేస్తారు. అని అతను ప్రసంగిస్తారు.

Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa T S Summary in Hindi

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

“Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa TS” (कुमारी पुष्पा टी एस को विदाई – प्रीतिभोज) नामक कविता प्रसिद्ध भारतीय आंग्ल कवि निस्सिम एज़िकिल द्वारा लिखी गई है । किन्ही दो कविताएँ समरूप लिखने का कोई लिखित प्रमाण नहीं है। प्रस्तुत कविता उनकी कविता – पुस्तक, ‘हिमन्स इन डाक-निस’ (अंधकार में स्त्रोत्र ) से ली गई है । यह एक परिपूर्ण भारतीय – अंग्रेजी कविता है । यह एक हास्यकर एवं व्यंग्यपूर्ण रूपक है । यह भारतीयों के अंग्रेजी उच्चारण तथा अँग्रजी भाम – शैली को बताती है । जब कोई विदेशी भाषा सीखते हैं, उसपर अपनी मातृभाषा का प्रभाव अवश्य पड़ता हैं। यह विनोदी रीति से आविस्कृत किया है। इसके अलाग यह कविता यह भी बताती है कि कैसे भारतीय सातत्य या अपूर्ण वर्तमान काल का प्रयोग करना पसंद करते हैं ।

यह कविता भाषण के रूप में है । कुमारी पुस्पा टी एस विदेश जा रही है । इस अवसर पर एक विदाई बैठक का आभोजन किया गया है और एक व्यक्ति भाषण देता है । वक्ता पहले अपने सहयोगियों को मित्र के रूप में और कुमारी पुष्पा को बहन के रूप में संबोधित करता है । वह कहता है कि दोस्तो हमारी प्यारी बहन दो तीन दिनों में विदेश जा रही है। हम उसे विदा करने के लिए यहाँ इकट्ठे हुए हैं । वह उस समावेश के उद्देश्य की घोषणा करता है ।

वह उन्हें पुष्पा की मधुरता के बारे में बताता है, जो सभी जानते हैं। वह कहता है कि वह पुष्पा की बाह्य मधुरता ही नहीं, आंतरिक मधुरता भी बताता हूँ । कुमारी पुष्पा हमेशा हँसती रहती है, हँसने के कारण के बिना हँसती रहती है। वह लगातार कहता रहता है कि पुष्पा उच्च परिवार से और उसके पिता सूरत में प्रसिद्ध वकील थे, हालाकि उसे अब यह याद नहीं कि वास्तव में वह कौन सी जगह है ।

वक्ता को अब वह जगह याद आ जाती हैं। वह कहता है कि वह जगह सूरत था । एक बार वह अपने मामा (ऑन्कल) के बहुत पुराने दोस्त के पारिवारिक सदस्यों के साथ रहा । वहाँ गृहिणी अच्छी तरह से खाना बना रही थी । लेकिन वह बहुत पहले की बात है । वक्ता प्रस्तुत विषय को पकड़कर कहता है कि वह पुरुषों और महिलाओं में बहुत लोकप्रिय महिला है ।

जब भी हम ने उससे कुछ भी चाहा, तो उसने कभी भी न नहीं कहा। मुझसे या किसी से कुछ भी अनुरोध करने पर वह कभी न नहीं कहती । वह हमेशा हाँ ही कहती और वह आज अपने भविष्य को बेहतर बनाने जा रही है और हम उसकी सुखद यात्रा की कामना कर रहे हैं ।

अंत में, वक्ता दूसरों बोलने के लिए कहता है और उन्हें बताती है कि बाद में पुष्पा बोलेगी और संक्षिप्त विवरण देगी ।

Meanings and Explanations

departing(v+ing)/(డిపార్టింగ్ )/ dɪ’paపద్య౦:t/ : Leaving, esp. to start a Journey
प्रस्थान, छोड़ना, विशेषत यात्रा शुरु करना

wish (విష్) / /wIʃ/ : An expression of a hope for someones, ఒకరిమంచి, సంతోషం, విజయాన్ని కోరుకుంటూ తెలియ జేసే శుభాకాంక్షలు,
किसी की खुशी, सफलता, भलाई आदि के लिए आशा की अभिव्यक्ति

bonvoyage (interjection)/(బోన్ వొఇ ఆజ్)/ bon vəI’a:ʒ/ : a happy Journey : అద్భుతమైన పర్యాటన, ప్రయాణం కావాలి सुखद यात्रा

sweetness (n) / (స్వీట్ నెస్)//swi:t.nəs/ Good natured, benevolence or harmony, మంచిస్వభావం, పరోపకారం, లేదా సామరస్యం గల
नेकदिल, परोपकारिता, सौभ्यता

external (adj)/(ఇక్ ట(ర్)నల్) / ik ‘stɜ:nəl : Outwardly, భాహ్య౦గా బయటకు, बाह्य, बाहर का

internal (adj)ఇన్ ట (ర్ )నల్ / in t3:nəl : Experienced one’s mind, మనసులో కూడా, किसी के मन में अनुभव, अंतरंग-अनुभव

feeling (v+ing)/ (ఫీలింగ్) /fi:.lɪŋ/ : A belief or opinion, భావన, विश्वास, राय, भावना

renowned (adj)/(రినౌన్ డ్) / rɪ’naʊnd/ : Known and respected by many peoples, ప్రసిద్ధి చెందిన, विख्यात, कई लोगों से ज्ञात और सम्मानित

advocate (v)/ (అడ్వకేట్)/ ‘æd.və.keɪt : Lower, ప్లీడరు, अधिवक्ता

longtime (adj) ago (adv)/ (లాంగ్ టైమ్)/ ‘lɔŋtaɪmə’gəʊ/: Long time back, చాలా కాలం క్రితం, लंबे समय से, बहुत पहले, प्राचीन, अतीत

appreciating (v+ing)/ (అప్రిసియేషన్)/ ə’pri:ʃi.eɪtɪŋ / : Praising, పొగుడుట, सराहना, प्रशंसा करना

improve (v) / (ఇంప్రూవ్)/ ɪm’pru:v/ : Make or become better, మెరుగైన, बेहतर बनाना, सुधार करना

prospect (n) / (ప్రాస్పెక్ట్)/ ‘prɒs.pektl : The chances of Success, విజయావకాశాలు, सफलता की संभावनाएम

summing up (Pharasal verb)/(సమ్మింగ్ అప్) / s\(\Lambda\)m.ɪŋ’\(\Lambda\)p/: Concluding, ముగింపు, समापन , निष्कर्ष

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Grammar Dialogue Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Grammar Dialogue Writing

Q.No.20 (4 Marks)

A conversation is an informal spoken exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and ideas. It usually takes place among persons who know each other. Conversations use speech as the medium of language and are, therefore, spontaneous and unplanned.

A dialogue is a written piece of a conversation. It has, therefore, features of both speech and writing in it. Dialogue writing is a skill that helps us in developing both our speech and writing.

In a dialogue, speakers and listeners keep changing their roles. Dialogues can be very short or long. A dialogue need not always contain grammatically complete sentences. In informal style, we hardly ever use complete sentences.

For example,

A: Posted my letter?
B: Not yet.
It would be very artificial to have the same dialogue in complete sentences as:
A: Have you posted my letter ?
B: I have not posted it yet.

The levels of formality or informality in style depend on the topic, the purpose of communication and the relationship between the participants.

In dialogues, appropriateness is as -much necessary as correctness. A greeting, a question, a compliment are to be responded appropriately. Contracted forms like ‘i’m, it’S’, you’re’ etc are preferred in informal style.

Apart from responding appropriately to a compliment, it is also necessary to add some relevant information so that the dialogue is carried forward.

Look at the two examples of the same dialogue:

1. A: Your shirt is very nice.
B: Thanks for the compliment.

2. A: Your shirt is very nice.
B: Oh. I’m happy you like it. I bought it in Ahmedabad and it cost me only Rs. 190/-

A good dialogue has an element of surprise or shock. A dialogue must not be totally predictable.
Some useful tips to keep in mind:

• The number of exchanges is to be a minimum of ten.
• Greetings (opening and closing) are to be appropriate to the relationship between the speakers (For example : ‘Good morning’ to a teacher: ‘Hello’ to some elderly person and ‘Hal’ to a friend and no greeting at all to a member of the family.)
• Dialogues to be brief; need not even be complete sentences.
  For example: The response to “Where are you going?” can be “To college”. You need not write “I am going to college.”
• Depending on the relationship between the speakers, formal or informal language is to be used.
• Use of linkers like ‘however’, ‘gap fillers like ‘mm’, polite expressions like ‘you’re right, but’ add to the good qualities of the given dialogue.
• Keeping in view the given, topic for dialogue and the relationship between the speakers is most important.

Now observe the following examples carefully.

Dialogue between two friends who met at a shop:

Padmini : Hi Tripura!
Tripura : Hi Appi! How are you? Long time, no see.
Padmini : Well, rather busywith exams. And what’s the news at your end ?
Tripura : Nothing much. The same boring routine.
Padmini : Ok, then. I’ll get going. Bye.
Tripura : See you soon. Bye.

Exercise

Observe the way the friends greet each other, how they say goodbye and the kind of language they use. Is the language the same as that which one uses in written English ?
Try to-spot any two ways in which.lt is different from written English. Now look at the following dialogue.
Answer:
Greetings : Hi
Taking Leave : Bye
No – It is not the same as that one used in written English. Two differences:

1. contractions: I’llin the place of I will.
2. incomplete sentences : I have been rather ‘busy with examinations. In its place -7 rather busy with exams.

Dialogue between a manager and a clerk:

Clerk : Good Morning, sir.
Manager : Good Morning. I see that you are late to work again.
Clerk Sir : I am sorry but I had some urgent work at home.
Manager : I’m getting tired of your excuses.
Clerk Sir : please excuse me. I will be on time from tomorrow.
Manager : This is the last warning. You can go to your desk now.
Clerk : Thank you, sir.

Excercise

i) How do the clerk and the manager begin and end the dialogue? What kind of language is used? How different is the language from written English ? Discuss.
Answer:
They begin with formal greetings (Good Morning) and end with formal leave taking (Thank you,’ sir). It is not much different from written English.

ii) If you compare the two pieces of dialogue given above, what do you notice ? Discuss whether” there are any similarities and differences and, if so, why?
Answer:
First dialogue uses informal style while the second one uses formal style.

Let’s now consider different types of situations.

1. Greeting
Informal: Hi, Neeta! Great to see you !/ Hi, Neeta! What a surprise! Hi, Neeta! How’re you?
Formal: Good morning; Ms Neeta! It is indeed a pleasure to see you.

2. Leave taking / farewell
Informal: Bye, See you soon! I Great seeing you. Bye! I Guess that’s all for now. Bye! – Formal: I must leave now. Good night, sir!/ It was a pleasure to have met you. Good day!

3. Asking a question
Informal: Hey! Quick question. Where’s Timbuktu ? I Hi, Renu! Know where Timbuktu is ?
Formal: Renuka, can you please tell me where Timbuktu is? I Renuka, I’m sorry to | bother you but could you tell me where Timbuktu is?

4. Giving an answer (to the above question) „
Informal: How the heck would I know? I Don’t know, don’t care/ No idea / Mali, West Africa.
Formal: I’m sorry, Meena, but I don’t know the answer. I Timbuktu is a city in Mali, West Africa.

5. Making a request
Informal: Hey, give me your book for a day? I Mohan, lend me your book for a day? (tone is one of rising inflexions)
Formal: Mohan, please lend me your book for a day./I would be obliged if you could ; lend me your book for a day. I Mohan, would you be kind enough to lend me your book for a day?

6. Making a suggestion
Informal: Coming for a walk ? I Let’s go for a walk.
Formal: I think it would be nice if we could go for a walk./ We can consider going for a walk.

7. Giving advice
Informal: Write neatly, you nitwit!/ Improve your writing, Uma.
Formal: Uma, I advise you to improve your writing’/ It would be nice if you could improve your writing, Uma.

8. Offering an apology
Informal: Sorry it broke. I Awfully sorry I broke the plate.
Formal: I apologise for breaking the plate. II am extremely sorry for having broken the plate.

9. Expressing gratitude’
Informal: Thanks Partha, for the pen.

Formal: Thank you so much for the pen./ It was indeed nice of you, Parthasarathy, to have given me the pen.
Given below are some dialogues depicting what people might say in situations they encounter in their day-to-day life. Study them and observe the use of formal and informal language, abbreviations, tone and flow of ideas.

Observe the following Model Dialogues:

Dialogue between two newcomers to the college

Suresh : Hello, I think you are a newcomer to this college.
Praveen : Yes, you are right. I am Praveen.
Suresh : Oh, I am Suresh. I am also a newcomer.
Praveen : Nice to meet you. How are you?
Suresh : I am fine and you ?
Praveen : I’m fine; may I know why you have chosen this college?
Suresh : This college is supposed to be the best college in our town.
Praveen : You are right, Suresh. The academic system of this college is quite up to date, I hope Can we go to the class now?
Suresh : Sure, let’s go there.
Praveen : Here we are.

Dialogue between a teacher and a student

Student : Sir, good morning.
Teacher : Good morning, why were you absent yester -day?
Student : Sir, my brother was suffering from a fever. I went to see him.
Teacher : How is he now? What did the doctor say?
Student : He has to take rest.
Teacher : When your brother comes back, I want to talk to him.
Student : Sure, sir. Thank you sir.

Dialogue between father and son

Father : You have appeared for the Class XII exams
What are your plans for the future?
Son : I haven’t decided so far, dad.
Father : Don’t you feel ashamed of yourself. You should have decided your goal in life.
Son : I would like to join UG course in any ope of the reputed colleges in India.
Father : What’s your long-term goal?
Son : I want to become an actor
Father : Are you sure you want to take it as your profession?
Son : Yes, dad
Father : Ok, be serious and decide a suitable career for yourself.

Dialogue between a bookseller and customer

Bookseller : Good morning. How can I help you?
Customer : Good morning, I want to buy a few books. .
Bookseller : There are different kinds of books here. What kind of books do you want?
Customer : I want William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and R.K. Narayan’ The Guide.
Bookseller : We have R.K. Narayan’s The Guide. Sorry to say that Shakespeare’s books are out of stock,
Customer : When do you get the books?
Bookseller : Sir, next Monday.
Customer : 0k, thank you.
Bookseller : Do you want any other books?
Customer : No, thanks. How much do I have to pay for this?
Bookseller : 150 rupees, sir. We have given you 10% discount.
Customer : Thanks. Here is your payment.
Bookseller : Thanks for coming.

Dialogue between a passenger and a booking clerk .

Clerk : Good morning! How can I help you?
Passenger : I want to reserve four berths to Chennai on KCG Express.
Clerk : Have you filled the reservation form?
Passenger : Sir, here it is!
Clerk : Since it is festival season, there ¡s no seat available on 14 and 15 January.
Passenger : Oh, is that so Is there any seat available on Chennal Express?
Clerk : Yes. There are four seats available.
Passenger : Thank you sir. Please get me those four tickets.
Clerk : Welcome.

Complete the following dialogue between a girl and her mother.

Mother : I want to teach you how to cook ladies’ fingers curry today.
Daughter : No, mom. I have some work today, I am planning to go out.
Mother : a) __________
Daughter : Yesm mom. I was busy last week.
Mother : b) _______
Daughter : Is it compulsory to learn cooking?
Mother : c) _______
Daughter : Ok, mom. I go out and come back within an hour. Then I would learn.
Mother : d) ________
Daughter : Thank you mom.
Answer:
a) You said the same last week also.
b) But, when will you learn cooking at least a few items?
c) Absolutely. We need food and we cannot always depend on others.
d) That’s nice! That’s the spirit!

Exercises

Question 1.
Write a dialogue between two friends on the choice of career. (Revision Test – V)
Answer:
BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS:
Pavani : Hi, Sudha! What do you want to do after Intermediate?
Sudha : Hi, Vani! We are in MPC group. And our automatic choice is Engineering. The only thing to decide is which branch and which college. Do you have any other ideas?
Pavani : Yes. I’m not interested in Engineering.
Sudha : Very surprising I What else will you do ?.
Pavani : I’ll pursue B.Sc., course.
Sudha : Are you mad? Joining B.Sc., ?
Pavani : Why are you so excited? I just love Physics. I want to join B.Sc., now and then M.Sc., Physics. Later I want togo for research in Physics, particularly in Nanotechnology.
Sudha : Really, stunning! I don’t know anything about other options. All these days I’ve been under the impression that M.P.C in Intermediate means Engineering afterwards.
Pavani : There are lot many other options Sudha! You can consult any lecturer, or go through ‘education pages’ of newspapers or even browse the internet. Plenty of courses are available. We have to select the one that we are really interested in.
Sudha : Thank you Vani. You’ve really opened my eyes. That too, at the right time. I’ll follow your guidelines. Bye!

Question 2.
Prepare a dialogue between yourself and your father discussing the secrets of success in business.
Answer:
Father : Where are you going Ajith?
Sai : Not particular, dad. Just like that.
Father : Hey, Ajith! It’s time you started picking up a lesson or two in running businesses.
Sai : I’ll certainly dad. Ever ready. Will you tell me one today ?
Father : Wonderful! Remember that two traits are very important to succeed in business.
Sai : Mm. Yes! What are they ?
Father : Honesty and wisdom.
Sai : Great. Then wisdom jneans!
Father : Never make such promises !
Sai : Dad! Stunning!

Question 3.
Imagine you got the first rank in the intermediate first year. Your close friend came to congratulate you. How do you share your experience with him? Write a dialogue between you and your friend. (Model Question Paper)
Answer:
Varun : Hi, Avinash. Welcome
Avinash : Hi, Akshay. Heartiest congratulations to you on securing the first rank.
Varun : Thank you!
Avinash : Welcome. You did work very hard and deserve such honours.
Varun : Not exactly hard work Avinash. Just smart work.
Avinash : What do you mean ?
Varun : Yes. I used to attend classes with prior preparation on the topic being discussed. That ensured my concentration. And I made notes of the topics discussed at the end of the day. That made revision easy. That never took much time. I used to pursue my hobbies. I found time for leisure activities, social relations
Avinash : Hey, that sounds great. It’s like a cakewalk. Then I’ll follow your example.
Varun : That’d be fine. You are always welcome. Bye for now.
Avinash : Thanks a bunch. Bye!

Question 4.
You are working in ABCD Company. Ask your employer to enhance your salary from the next month. Write a dialogue between you and your employer.
Answer:
You : Good morning, sir.
Manager : Good morning, yes?
You : Sir, a humble submission. It’s three years since I had my last hike in my salary.
Manager : Yes, you’re right. Our company had tough times.
You : Yes, sir. But the cost of living has been going up. It’s really difficult to manage without a hike you from next month onwards.
Manager : Yes. We do really understand your difficulties. We are pooling our resources to hike salaries from the next month.
You : Thank you so much sir. Bye
Manager : You’re welcome. Bye!

Question 5.
Build a dialogue between a salesman and a’ customer who has sold a defective apparel. (Model Question Paper)
Answer:
Salesman : Good evening sir! How may I help you?
Customer : Good evening! This is the shirt I bought from you two days ago. And here is the bill.
Salesman : No need to show the bill sir. Any problem?
Customer : Yes, no buttons. And the sleeve’s are too loosely stitched.
Salesman : I’m very sorry sir. I’ll at once replace it with a new one.
Customer : But why this defective shirt? Lot of inconvenience and embarrassment.
Salesmam : I regret it very much sir. Normally our quality check is very stringent sir. I don’t know how this defective piece has reached here. Sorry once again sir. Here is the new shirt.
Customer : Thank you. But make sure such things don’t happen.
Salesman : Sure sir. Thank you.

Question 6.
As a student, you would like to open an account in the nearby State Bank of india. Write a conversation between you and an SBI bank manager about opening a savings bank account
Answer:
You : Good morning sir.
Manager : Good morning! How may I help you?
You : I would like to open a saving bank account here, sir.
Manager : Have you got your Aadhaar and PAN card?
You : Yes sir. I have brought attested copies and originals too.
Manager : Then, fill in this form correctly and completely. Enclose copies of those two documents. Deposit an amount of Rs two thousand in the cash counter. Hand over the receipt and filled in form to our Ass. Manager.
You : Thank you sir.
Manger : Welcome.
You : Sir, can I have the passbook and ATM card today?
Manager : No. You can get your passbook in a day or two. But, for ATM card you will have to apply later.
You : Right sir. Bye!
Manager : Bye.

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Grammar Word Stress Exercise Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Grammar Word Stress

Q.No.19 (8 × 1/2 = 4 Marks)

‘Stress’ is an import aspect of the English Language. In words with two or more syllables, one syllable gets more prominence than the other syllables in pronunciation. The syllable that gets more prominence is called the stressed syllable.

That a particular syllable is stressed in the given word is shown with a small vertical bar’ placed at the beginning and just above that syllable.

Example: ‘teacher The first, syllable ‘teach’ is stressed. If the given word has only one syllable, the question of more prominence doesn’t arise. Hence monosyllabic words are not stressed. But, they may be stressed in connected speech, i.e. in sentences.

As a foreign learner, we are not habituated to placing the stress correctly. Not at all stressing or wrong placing of it leads to misunderstanding or not understanding at all. Therefore it is very much necessary to acquire the right stress habits if we want to communicate effectively.

To know the stressed syllable in a given word, listening to the native speakers and noticing stress is a natural and easy way. But we don’t have that kind of environment. The only alternative way is to depend on dictionaries. But it is very difficult to go to dictionaries every time.

Here are some general principles that help us to some extent to pick up this complex aspect.

• Monosyllabic words in isolation have no stress.
• Disyllabic words (words with two syllables) with word final ‘r’ have the stress on the first syllable.
  Examples: ‘father, ‘doctor, ‘teacher, ‘sister, ‘painter.

Examples in word stress:

1. In the following disyllabic words, the stress falls on the first syllable. Read them aloud:

2. In the following disyllabic words. on the other hand, the stress falls on syllable. Read them aloud:

1. Rules of word stress

Now it may seem that word-stress in English is upredictable.
However, the following rules of word-stress are available.
Rule I: Words with weak prefixes
The following words beginning with weak prefixes such as a, be, de, re, con, have stress on the second syllable,

Rule 2 : Compound words

A compound word is a word that is composed of two separate words. In such words stress usually falls on the first syllable.

However, there are some compound words which take stress on the second part of the word. For instance, the words that end in -ever’, ‘-self and -selves’ take stress on the second part.

Rule 3: Words which denote numbers have a specific stress pattern.

a) words that end in ‘-teen’ get the stress on ‘-teen’.
fifteen
eighteen

b) for the words that denote the multiples of ten, the stress falls on the first syllable.
‘fifty
thirty
‘sixty

Rule 4: Suffixes

a) Most words that end in -ee, eer, -ette, -que and -alre take stress on the last syllable.

b) Words that end in -Ion, -Ial, -Ic and -Ious/eous take stress on the penultimate syllable (i.e., second syllable from the end).

c) Words that end in -leal, -lan, -ity, -lze, -logy and -graphy take stress on the ante penultimate syllable i.e., the third syllable from the end.

Rule 5: Stress Shift

a) One very important feature of word-stress is the stress shift. That is, the stress shifts when some suffixes are added to a word.
Examples:
e’eonomy
eco’nomic
econo’metrics
‘photograph
photographer
photo’graphic
Note: In the above examples, you have seen that the addition of suffix results in stress shift. But there are some suffixes which do not affect the stress. Some of them are

b) There are, again, some (disyllabic) words which can be used as nouns or adjectives and also as verbs. In such cases, the stress falls on the first syllable if the words are used as nouns or adjectives. The stress shifts to the second syllable If they are used as verbs.
Examples;

Exercises

The following exercises are meant to make the concept clear to you. As you know, practice makes one perfect!

Examples in word-stress:

1. In the following disyllabic words the stress falls on the first syllable. Read them aloud

2. In the following disyllabic words, on the other hand, the stress falls on the second syllable. Read them aloud:

I. Mark the stress on the following words.

Answer:

II. You have read the stress rules on suffixes. Follow the rules and mark stress on the following words

Answer:

III. The following words have weak prefixes. Put a stress mark the on the words and refer dictionary.

Answer:

IV. The following words with two syllables have noun/ adjective and verb forms. Put a stress mark on the syllables based on their grammatical functions.

Answer:

V. Place a stress mark on the following compound words. Look up the dictionary and correct your answers.

Answer:

VI. Mark stress on the right syllable.

Answer:

VII. Mark the stress for the following words. [Revision Test – V]
i) common
ii) adopt
iii) humility
iv) footprint
v) understand
Answer:
i) ‘common
ii) a’dopt
iii) hu’mility
iv) ‘footprint
v) understand

VIII. Mark the stress for the following words. [ModelQuestion Paper]
i) delay
ii) biography
iii) carry
iv) economic
v) sixty
vi) nature
vii) hotel
viii) victory
ix) application
x) jellyfish
Answer:
i) de’lay
ii) bi’ography
iii) ‘carry
iv) eco’nomic
v) Sixty
vi) ‘nature
vii) hotel
viii) ‘victory
ix) appli’cation
x) ‘jellyfish

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Grammar Note Making Exercise Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Grammar Note Making

Q.No. 18 (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

Note making is a very frequently followed process of writing down the important ideas of a given text. Even lay persons resort to this technique in their day-to-day life situations for the sake of convenience. Though the process is a familiar exercise, in the academic context, it requires refinement. The fact that the given text is in a foreign language also adds to its complexity. Writing down salient points of a spoken text is known.as note taking. This is more difficult than note making (from a written / printed text) in more than one way.

Note making involves, first, understanding the text and then identifying the important points. Thirdly, it needs the organization of those points into relevant classes or groups. Finally, it requires the presentation of those points in such a way that facilitates easy reference and recollection. A suitable title is to be supplied.

Apart from its practice and usefulness in real life, note- making is helpful in the study of other subjects too. Practice in note-making enhances one’s understanding capacity, editing skills, presentation techniques and, above all, tl;e ability to derive pleasure from one’s study!

Points to ponder over for the purpose of Public Examination:

• Notes may be in the form of numbered points.
• Complete sentences need not be written; phrases / clauses serve the purpose.
• Points that fall under a main point are to be presented below that main point.
• Abbreviations, short forms, symbols, etc. may be used wherever possible.
• Graphs, tables, diagrams may be used wherever the given text can be rendered into one of these forms
• It can even be in the form of a combination of a written text and a diagram.
• The entire notes can also be in the form of a short paragraph.
• The notes should be brief, clear, true to the text, with no additions and easy to understand and remember.

Format of note making:

Heading (Title)

1. Sub heading
1.1 Information (phrase)
1.2
Sub sub-heading
1.2a Information (Phrase)
1.2b Information (phrase)

2. Sub-heading
2.1 Information (Phrase)
2.2 Information (Phrase)
2.3 Sub sub-heading
2.3a Information (Phrase)
2.3b Information (Phrase)
2.4 Information (phrase)

3. Sub-heading
3.1 Information (phrase)
3.2 Information (phrase)

Key to abbreviations:

• Max: maximum
• Govt: Government

Now observe the following two models of note making carefully.

1. In December 2019, the novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 had resulted in a respiratory illness called COVID-19. ‘CO’ stands for corona, ‘VI’ for the virus, D stands for disease T9’ is the year in which it broke out. This virus was unknown before its outbreak in Wuhan, in China, in December 2019. Coronavirus is a family of viruses that may cause disease in animals and humans. It causes respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. India has approved seven vaccines.

It’s currently using only three vaccines, Covishield, Covaxin prepared by Bharat Biotech and Sputnik V. While we are still learning how COVID-19 affects people, aged people and people with pre-existing medical conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer etc. appear to be at greater risk than others. We can reduce the chances of being infected with COVID-19 by taking simple precautions.

We should clean our hands with sanitiser or wash them with soap water because this action kills viruses on our hands. Everyone must maintain 6 feet distance from others. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth, so avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth. Droplets of saliva spread the virus. So distance needs to be maintained. Good respiratory hygiene protects the people around you from viruses such as cold, flu, and COVID -19. Therefore masks need to be worn.

Notes:
Title: Corona Virus

Covid 19

• CO-corona
• VI -virus
• D-Disease
• 19 – year it appeared

Corona Virus

• Family of SARS-CoV-2
• Causes illness
• Respiratory infection

Symptoms

• Fever
• dry cough
• tiredness

accine, drug or treatment

• Covishield – SII
• Covaxin – Bharat Biotech
• SputnikV

At the risk of severe illness

• Older persons
• Persons with chronic problems

Precautions

• Cleaning hands frequently
• Maintaining 6 feet distance
• Avoid.touching eyes, nose and mouth
• Wearing masks

2. Biodiversity refers to the variability and variety of different species of plants and animals on Earth. This variety contributes towards making our planet inhabitable. The reason for the unequal distribution of various organisms in different parts of the world is due to varied climatic conditions. There is greater terrestrial biodiversity near the equator and this is caused due to warm climate and high primary productivity.

On the other hand, marine biodiversity is highest along the coasts in the Western Pacific as it has the highest sea surface temperature. Biodiversity basically clusters in hotspots and while it has been on a rise though time researchers state that it is likely to slow down in the times to come. It is essential to maintain rich diversity to build a harmonious environment.

It enables the survival of human beings by providing them with their basic needs such as’ food, shelter, medicines, etc. However, the increasing pollution which is continually degrading the environment is also having a negative impact on biodiversity. Several species that inhabited Earth earlier are now extinct and many others are feared to become extinct in the coming years. This will further lead to environmental imbalance and can prove to. be hazardous for the human species

Exercises

Read the following passage and make notes. Add suitable title.

Question 1.
Sripathi Panditaradhyula Balasubrahmanyam also known as SPB or Balu, was an Indian playback singer, television presenter, music director, actor and film producer who worked predominantly in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi and Malayalam films. He is widely considered one ‘of the greatest Indian singers of all time. Balasubrahmanyam has won six National Film Awards for ‘Best Male Playback Singer for his works in four different languages – Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Hindi; 25 Andhra Pradesh state Nandi Awards for his work in Telugu cinema; and numerous other state awards from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

In addition, he won the Filmfare Award and six Filmfare Awards South. According to some sources, he holds the Guinness World Record for recording the highest number of songs by a singer with over 40,000 songs. He recorded 21 songs in Kannada for the composer Upendra Kumar in Bengaluru from 9 am to 9 pm on 8 February 1981. In addition, he recorded 19 songs in Tamil and 16 songs in Hindi in a day, which has also been a record. In 2012, he received the state NTR National Award for his contributions to Indian cinema.

In 2016, he was honoured with the Silver Peacock Medal as Indian Film Personality of the Year. He was a recipient of the Padma Shri (2001), Padma Bhushan (2011) and Padma Vibhushan (Posthumously) (2021) from the Government of India. He was a recipient of the Harivarasanam Award from the Government of Kerala. On 25 September 2020, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam died in Chennai after being hospitalized for over a month for complications due to COVID-19
Answer:
SP BALU-THE SAGA
Sripathi Panditaradhyula Balasubrahmanyam
A) Career
Singer, tv presenter, music director, actor, producer.

B) Language worked in
Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalarn and Hindi.

C) Awards

• National Film Awards – Best Male Playback Singer in four languages 4 25 AP Nandi Awards
• Numerous Awards from Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala 4- Filmfare Awards 4 NTR National Award 4 Silver Peacock Medal
• the Padma Shri (2001) and Padma Shushan (2011) and Padma Vibhushan (2021) (posthumously- after death)
• Harivarasanam Award from Kerala Government

D) Records

• Guinness World Record – over 40,000 songs -recorded
• 21 songs recorded in one day (9AM – 9PM – 8 – Feb, 1981 – Kannada)
• 19 songs in Tamil, 16 songs in Hindi – in one day – each.

E) The End

• on 25 September 2020 -C0VID-19 complications

Question 2.
It is observed that most educational institutions believe online classes as the only solution during this pandemic. In contrast, researcher Eric Bettinger Susanna Loeb’s work Promises and Pitfalls of Online Education shows, that online teaching may raise dropouts at primary and upper primary levels. It is observed from the survey report that online classes are suggestible for classes 8 and above.

It is beneficial to the one who can afford, but detrimental to the one who can ill afford, it. This reflects adversely for primary classes. Most of the rural and BPL parents may not. afford mobile phones, network charges, computers and even TV sets. This may lead to discrimination. Parents are not educated on cyber security and it may create a mess for parents as well as students. Our education system exists on the same planet as we are and affected by the conditions around us as we are. Primary victims of Online classes are rural students, particularly in the public sector. Most of the government school students from rural and interior areas can neither afford technology nor have parental support. It is the misfortune of these innocent kids. The system has to be considerate to them.
Answer:
ONLINE EDUCATION PROMISES & PITFALLS

Eric Bettinger Susanna Loeb’s Findings:

ONLINE EDUCATION

Question 3.
Progress in life depends a good deal on crossing one threshold after another. Some time ago a man watched his little nephew trying to write his name. It was hard work, very hard work. The little boy had arrived at an effort to clear a threshold. Today he writes his name with comparative ease. Some people make the mistake of steering clear of thresholds. Anything that requires genuine thinking and use of energy, they avoid.

Some middle-aged and elderly people greatly enrich their lives by continuing to cross thresholds. One man went into an entirely new business when he was past middle life and made a success of it. De Morgan didn’t start to write novels until he was past sixty. Psychologists have discovered that man can continue to learn throughout life. And it is undoubtedly better to try and fail, than not to try at all.

Then, one can be placed in the category of the Swiss mountaineer of whom it was said, “He died climbing.” When a new difficulty raises to obstruct your path, do not complain. Accept the challenge. Determine to cross this threshold as you have crossed numerous other”thresholds in your past life. In the words of the poet, do not rest but strive to pass from dream to dream.
Answer:
STRIVE REST NOT CROSS THRESHOLDS

1. Cross thresholds – achieve progress.
2. Try and fail- stop not striving.
3. Ready to think genuinely and use energy.
4. Can start at any age – 60,70 or 80 too.
5. Rest not – pass on from dream to dream

Question 4.
Many religions existed in India in the Middle Age. The most widely prevalent were, of course, Hinduism and Islam But there were other religions too, like Buddhism, Jainism and Christianity. The outlook of the people, whether they were . Hindus or Muslims, was the same. They believed that the world was a vale of sorrow, and the only way to escape from it and the attainment of true happiness were by turning their hearts away from temptations of the senses and taking refuge in complete surrender to the will of God.

Whose unlimited grace alone could save man. It was, therefore, necessary to place oneself under the control of a spiritual guide and preceptor, and to follow the path of inner discipline which led to the goal of realization of God. Both among the Hindus and the Muslims, there were many orders that saintly preceptors had established. The heads of these orders ministered to the needs of their disciples. Kabir, Nanak and others among the Hindus had founded such orders.
Answer:
Surrender to God – The Secret of Life

1. Many religions in India
2. The outlook same – There is sorrow – to overcome it one needs to surrender to the will of God:
3. Spiritual guides needed for inner discipline and realization of God
4. Many order to guide – in India

Question 5.
Lizzie, a medical intern, arrived at the hospital promptly at 8.00 a.m every morning. She said, “I began at once to prepare for the dressings by spreading the different ointments, preparing lint, lotion, poultices, bandages, etc. While I am doing that at a side table, the sister is going round and examining all wounds. The simpler case she leaves entirely to me very often, but the more difficult ones, such as ‘cancer, she dresses while I look on.” The time this took varied constantly depending on the number and nature of the cases, but she generally had time to go upstairs and visit the patients in two medical wards before joining the house surgeon, Thomas, in his eleven o’clock rounds.

After the doctor and surgeon finished their rounds, Lizzie gave patients their medicines as prescribed. Lunch was a fortifying meal of mutton chops and ale, which Lizzie ate alone in the hospital canteen. At 1.00 p.m, she returned to the surgical ward to accompany any visiting surgeons. Lizzie arrived back at home by 4.30, where she rested for half an hour, talking to Louie and James and playing with their children. After changing her clothes into something more dainty, she did algebra till teatime at seven o’clock. To close out her day, she wrote letters to friends and family by the fire or practised Latin.
Answer:
LIZZIE

1. a medical intern
2. promptly arrives at hospital at 8 am
3. prepares dressings, lotions etc
4. looks after simpler cases on her own
5. gives medicines to patients as prescribed
6. takes lunch alone in canteen
7. accompanies visiting doctors from 1 pm to 4 pm-
8. Back home at 4.30 pm
9. rest for a while talking to Louie, James and their children
10. does algebra till tea at 7 pm till
11. letters to friends or practising Latin ends the day

Question 6.
“Thanks to the internet, women can become entrepreneurs. In the last four years between 2012 and 2015, the number of new women-owned small and medium business Pages on Facebook has increased six-fold,” said Ankhi. “Kalpana Rajesh, a woman from India, was inspired to start her own business making bridal hair accessories after having done so for years for friends. She started her business in 2012 with three people – herself, her domestic worker and her friend.

Today, she employs more than 200 women, working across thirty-six branches from Delhi to Tuticorin, with multiple product lines. She says that without Facebook, she estimates it would have taken her fifteen-twenty years to grow her business to the same size it is today. Not only has Kalpana made a difference to her own life, but she has also made a telling difference to the lives of more than 200 women who are now earning their livelihood, thanks to Kalpana.”
Answer:
WOMEN ENTERPRENEURS – ROLE OF INTEREST

1. Crucial role of internet in growing entrepreneurship Ankhi’s study – six-fold increase in Facebook pages of women-owned businesses
2. Kalpana Rajesh – started her “business – bridal hair aceessories – in 2012 with just three women (including herself)
3. Now (2022) she has thirty-six branches – all over India with 200 + employees – multiple products
4. Connectivity made possible by Facebook
5. helping herself and over 200 women ………………….

Question 7.
It is not enough to prepare well for examinations. Success in the exams depends also on your mental state of mind during the exam, proper time management, neat presentation of answers and other small details. Sleep well on the night before the exam and resist the temptation of last minute cramming. You should be well rested and relaxed.

On the morning of the exam, have a light breakfast and set out. Reach the examination hall well in time, particularly on the first day. Once you get the question paper, read it carefully. Remain calm as any silly mistake you may make in understanding the questions can have damaging consequences. Spend at least five minutes going through the different sections of the paper. It is advisable to start with those questions you are confident with, instead of wasting time with, the difficult ones.

Do not panic if you get stuck with a question. Leave it incomplete and move on to the other questions. After completing the easier questions move on to the next level of difficulty. Save the toughest questions for the end. All the ‘bits’ pertaining to a question should be answered in a sequence and at one place. Keep numbering the papers as you proceed. Draw all diagrams neatly and colour them, if possible, to make them more attractive. After you complete the paper, tie up the sheets properly. You should then revise the answer paper at least twice before handing it.
Answer:
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS. ROLE OF INTERNET.

• Apart from learning answers, physical preparedness and mental state contribute for success in examinations.
• Identifying examination centre, making transport arrangements, getting stationery ready, etc. are important.
• Sufficient sleep, light food, calm mind are important
• Reach centre in time, read question paper slowly, think of questions you can answer well, leave the difficult ones for last half an hour draw figures where necessary, revise answers – success is yours.

Question 8.
The brain has three main divisions, each having its own particular function. The. cerebrum is the largest and best-developed section of the brain. It is made up of many areas containing cells that control various parts of the body. Some areas perform the function of directing muscular activity. They allow the head to be turned, for example, other areas are responsible for sight, hearing and speech. The cerebrum is also the centre of intelligence and it enables human beings to reason and remember.

The cerebellum is a small section of the brain below the cerebrum its function is to coordinate the movement of limbs and also to control balance. The medulla oblongata is an enlarged area that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It serves to regulate the activities of the internal organs. It controls the beating of the heart and regulates all involuntary muscles. The parts of the brain are highly specialized. Together they make u the complex organ that controls the nervous system. [Model Question Paper]
Answer:
Brain – Parts

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Grammar Letter Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Grammar Letter Writing

Q.No.17 (4 Marks)

Letter writing is both an art and science. It requires scientific precision and artistic creation. The frame work or the layout is a science. But the writing of the body is an art.

Letters are broadly of two types : Private or personal and public or official or business. There is only a slight difference between the two kinds in regard to the framework. But the main body of one type is much different from the other.

Careful cultivation of this art called letter writing opens greener avenues for the young learners. Negligence of this valuable art results in gloomy future. This art can create miracles or mar one’s future.

Letters of great personalities have acquired the status of literary masterpieces and continue to thrill the readers with fresh fragrance even after centuries since their writing. That is the power of letter writing!

A letter has five parts. They are :

1. The heading: It consists of station arid date. It should be written on the right -hand top comer of the letter.
Eg. Santhinagar,
Kothagudem.
10-4-2022.

2. Salutation or Greeting: It is the addressing part.
Eg. Dear father, Madam,
Dear Sister, Sirs,
Sir, My dear brother,
Gentlemen, Dear Murali,

3. Body of the letter: It should be precise. It may be divided into paragraphs as per need.

4. Complimentary note or leave taking: It should be on the right side under the last line of the body of the letter.
Eg. Yours faithfully,
Ever yours, Your loving son,
(Don’t put an apostrophe in yours)

5. Address: You have to write this at the beginning above Salutation in official and business letters. In letters to the members of your family or friends, the address should be written on the left after the body of the letter.
Eg.
Mr. R. Venkata Rao
C/o Dr. R.Madhusudhana Rao,
H.No. 209/C, Y.T. Road,
Suryapet.

SOME HELPFUL EXPRESSIONS

1. Beginning:
I have just received your letter.
I “hope that you are keeping well.
It was most kind of you to remember me.
It is a long time since I heard from you.
Your letter was indeed a great surprise to me.

2. Ending:
Please convey my regards to your parents.
With best wishes.
Hope to see you soon.
We look forward to hearing from you.
With all love and affection.

3. letters of congratulations:
Congratulations on your success.
Let me congratulate you On..
My hearty congratulations on your winning the match.
We send you our greetings on.

4. letters of sympathy:
I am sorry to hear about..
It grieved me a lot to know..
It is indeed a matter of great sorrow..
I offer you my deepest sympathy..
God’s ways are strange.

5. Letters of complaint:
I regret to’ inform that..
I am sorry to bring to your notice..
It gives me pain to write that..
Even after repeated requests, I find that..

6. Applications:
I came to know that..
Having come to know that
In response to your advertisement.. the dailies speak…
Points to ponder over for the purpose of Public ExamlnadOn: I

Format of the letter is important.

• Write each part at its proper place.
• Use punctuation marks appropriately.
• Better use fictitious names and places.

Body of the letter

• Use the style relevant to the type of the letter. Formal style in official and informal in personal.
• Divide body into paragraphs, if necessary.
• See that all the hints given in the question are thoroughly covered.

See that there are no mistakes in spellings or sentence construction.

There are broadly three different formats. The one given above is known as ‘Indented Format’. Of late, it has been losing its importance. The other two types are a) Blocked Format and b) Fully Blocked Format. In Blocked or Semi Blocked Format every line of the letter including signature except date begins from the left margin. All the models and exercise answers in this material use Fully Blocked Format. In Blocked and Fully Blocked Formats punctuation makrs are used only in the body, not in the layout, of the letter. Any Format will be treated as correct in the Public Examination.

Formal Letters

Let’s take a look at the format of a formal letter.

Formats:
Comparison

Examine the Model Letters given below carefully.

1. A letter of complaint to the police commissioner about the mess caused by the video games centre in your locality and seeking help to control them.

Flat No: 35
Park Avenue Enclave
Kompally Hyderabad
23rd May, 2020

The Commissioner of Police
Police Commissioner ate
Malkajgiri
Hyderabad

Sir

Sub: Seeking help to control nuisance created by. Video game centers – reg.

I am a resident of Malkajgiri and a college student. I would like to bring to your kind notice that there are some serious problems created by the recently-opened video games centre on the main road, which has become the main attraction in the region. The centre is attracting many college and school going students. They have deviated from their studies and extracurricular activities. Most of my friends in this area as well as from the surroundings are more interested in sitting in the video game parlour than in the library or study room. Though parents do try to control, the children are being a bit too uneasy with them as the centre is open even late at the night.

I would like to request you to make the owner keep some kind of restrictions regarding the age group and timings.

I am sure you will kindly take necessary action at the earliest.

Thanks and regards
Yours sincerely
Signature
(R.RAJANI)

2. A letter to the editor of a leading local newspaper, pointing to the need to save children from the pressure in schools.

Flat No: 329/1
Rajini Residency
Street N0.6
Boduppal
Hyderabad
16th April, 2022

To
The Editor
The Times of India
Banjara Hills
Hyderabad

Sir’

Sub: Need to save children from stress

I would be grateful if you allow me to express my views and grievances in the columns of your esteemed daily about the missing childhood these days.

Undoubtedly, childhood is the most important stage of everyone’s life. But it is often found missing these days. Their childhood is confined to an enclosed world of online classes, homework, tests and video games. What are we actually aiming at? Are we educating them or making them as machines?

The elders of the society need to recollect and realise the reasons for the success they are enjoying today. It’s a well- known fact that their childhood was liberal and creative with fun. Friends and family played a great role in their life. But, do the younger generation enjoy the same way? It’s high time to rethink. Every child should have an idea of life and how to modulate it. For that, they should get into some realities of life. Parents need to take the initiative for this. We should encourage children to socialize, go out and play in the open and develop wholesome personalities.

Yours truly
Signature
(S. Ram Prasad)
Loco Pilot

3. A letter to the principal of your college requesting to issue your transfer, bonafide and conduct certificates as you completed your intermediate course and you are about to join a medical college.

‘Nandini Ramagiri
6/2 – Temple Street
Suddala
Mancherial 505303
2nd June, 2022

The Principal
Prerana College
Ram Nagar
Mancherial

Dear sir

Sub: Request for certificates

I was a student of your college in the academic years 2020- 2022. My optional subjects were Biology, Physics and Chemistry. My roll number was 2022126.1 am proud to inform you that I have secured the 201st rank in the NEET examination. This was possible only due to the excellent coaching provided by the lecturers of this college. Your inspirational words during assembly and study hours played a significant role in my success. I would like to thank you all wholeheartedly.

As you are aware, we need to submit transfer, bonafide and conduct certificates in the medical college during counselling. Therefore, may I request you to instruct the office to arrange the necessary certificates at the earliest? I have already submitted the “No Due Certificate”.

An early response will be very helpful.

Thanks and Regards

Yours faithfully
Signature
Nandini Ramagiri

4. Drunken driving is a serious issue. Here is a letter from Swamy requesting the traffic police to control drunken driving.

Flat No: 12/A-3
RNS Colony
Himayatnagar
Hyderabad
6th April, 2022

The Sub Inspector
Traffic Police Station
Himayatnagar
Hyderabad

Sir

Sub: Request to control drunken driving

I would like to bring to your kind notice the serious issue in our area. The problem is caused by drunken drivers. The late evenings are .always troubling times for the residents of RNS Colony, Himayatnagar, as there is uncontrolled traffic and sometimes even minor accidents occur involving at least one drunken driver.

We are really tired of these issues daily. It’s irritating, but there is no way to control it, as the drivers are not in a position to get convinced. It would be kind of you if you can post some constables in our area, to check the drunken drivers so that we will be able to live in peace.

Thank you
Yours faithfully
Ram Prasad

5. Here is a letter written by Mahesh wari, who is applying for the post of Assistant Teacher in a school.

C-5
Padmavathi Enclave
Warangal
Telangana
25th March, 2022

The Principal
Little Flower School
Survey of India
Uppal

Sir

Sub: Application for the post of Assistant Teacher

I wish to apply for the position of Assistant Teacher, advertised in today’s “The Hindustan Times”. I am twenty- two years old and have just passed the university examination from Osmania University, Hyderabad. I have also done a course in teaching children with special needs from the NIMH, Hyderabad.

I have enclosed the required testimonials for further reference.

If I am given an opportunity, I can assure you I will do my best to fulfil my duties to the best of my capabilities. I shall look forward to a positive response from your end.

Thank you

Yours faithfully
Maheshwari

Enclosures:

1. Graduation Certificate & Certificates for teaching special children.
2. Residence Certificate

Exercises

Question 1.
Write a letter to the CEO of the Chemical Industry in your locality, highlighting the pollution causedby them to the nearby river. Request him/her to take necessary steps to control it
Answer:
Letter to CEO

M. Ramana
Pedavuru Of
Kondapalli (M)
Karimnagar (Dt)
14.06.2022

The CEO
Manisha Chemical Industry
Industrial Area
Karimnagar

Sir

Sub: pollution – your Industry – Remedial Measures – Req

I am to bring to your notice the pollution your unit is resulting into the adjoining river and atmosphere. Effluents – untreated – in huge quantities are discharged directly and secretly into the river. Strong and harmful chemicals are causing loss of lives in the river directly and harm to people and crops around indirectly.

People in India treat river as sacred and offer prayers to them. And rivers are lifelines to human civilizations. It is the responsibility of every citizen to protect rivers in all respects.

Money is undoubtedly important. But, lives are more precious.

It is hoped that you initiate immediate remedial measures to avoid any further pollution with immediate effect.

Thank you.
Yours truly

Pradyumn

Question 2.
Write a letter to the editor of a reputed National Daily highlighting the need to spread the message the Statue, of Equality seeks to promote.

HINTS: Its importance – Dedicated to humanity by the Prime Minister – First Pooja offered by the President of India – Recorded in the World Book of Records, London
Answer:
Letter to Editor

Pravallika .M
12-85 Hydershakote
Hyderabad
12.03.2022

The Editor
News Herald
Hyderabad

Sir

I find pleasure in writing to you about the need to spread the message the Statue of Equality seeks to propagate. The 216-feet, golden-hued Panchaloha Statue of Bhagavad Ramanujacharya is not just a monument; it is a symbol. It is a movement for equality. The eleventh century Vaishnavite preacher Bhagavad Ramanuja practised equality. He broke all barriers of very rigid customs of those times.

He allowed even the downtrodden not only to enter temples but also to take part in all temple services. Realising the relevance and value of this principle of equality, Sri Sri Sri Tridandi Chinna Ramanuja Jeeyar Swami conceived this 1000 crore rupee mega project in 2014 and materialised it in 2022. The missionary zeal that went into the project needs to be followed by every citizen in promoting the great quality of equality. The importance of the project and its message can be gazed from these facts.

It was dedicated to HUMANITY on 5th February, 2022 by the Prime Mihister of India. First pooja to Samatha Moorthy inside the temple was per-format in the presence of President of India on 14 February 2022. The World Book of Records,
London recognised it as one of the wonders of the world. Let’s spread the message.

Yours
Pravallika

Question 3.
You would like to know the procedure you have to follow if you lost a library book. Write an enquiry letter to the. Librarian requesting for information. [Model Question Paper]
Answer:
LETTER TO LIBRARIAN

Rajini. Ch
Second B.Com
National College
Devarakonda
10.02.2022

The Librarian
National College

Sir

I deeply regret to inform you that I lost the book ‘Accountancy Practices’ I borrowed from the library last week. While I am ashamed of myself, I feel it my immediate responsibility to rectify my mistake.

I would love to pay you the price of the book along with any other charges if that is permissible or else, I am ready to buy new copy of the same book and hand it over to you.

Please guide me in this regard so that I can relieve myself from the feeling of shame and guilt at the earliest. Moreover, it is- examination time and I should not deprive other students of the chance to use the book.

Seeking your directions.

Yours sincerely
Rajini Ch

Question 4.
Write a letter to the Collector of your area requesting him/her to be the chief guest of an inter colony sports fest your society is organising.
Answer:
LETTER TO COLLECTOR

Sindhu G
12-4 Sai Nagar
Kama Reddy
10.06.2022

The Collector
Kama Reddy
Madam

I feel it our privilege to invite you as our chief guest at our Inter-Colony Sport Fest on 02.07.2022 at SPM. We, a small group of women, have been relentlessly working for the cause of women empowerment.

As part of this noble mission, we plan to organise this-Fest. We all know that you are a real model of empowered women.

Your message will go a long way in inspiring women in our area.

We eagerly look forward to listening to your captivating words.

Thank you Madam.

Yours sincerely
Sindhu G

Question 5.
Write a letter to your Manager requesting him to grant casual leave for five days.
Answer:
LETTER TO COLLECTOR

Raveendra
R/7, Seven Hills
Manasa nagar
Manchiryal
17 May 2022

James Bridge
HRManager
Lifeline Solutions
Nacharam
Hyderabad

Dear Sir

I am writing to you to inform you that I may not be able to attend office for five days from tomorrow i.e., from 18 May to 22 May, as I am down with flu. I have been advised by the doctor to take absolute rest for recovery. I regret the inconvenience caused to the firm because of my illness.

However, I am glad I could meet the deadline set to me for the report of Handles Agency. I have sent it to you for your approval. I am willing to put in extra efforts to clear the pending work, if any, once I am back from my leave.

Thanks and regards,

Yours sincerely
Raveendra

Question 6.
Write a letter to the Sarpanch and concerned officer requesting them to take up necessary measures to improve sanitary conditions of your village.
Answer:
Gangadhar M
Gundlapalem
Gadwal (dist)
15.06.2022

The Sarpanch
Gundapalem
Madam

I regret to inform you that sanitary conditions in our village are really in a miserable condition.

It pains the villagers to see dirt and garbage accumulating at every possible place. With a woman at the helm of affairs and another woman as the sanitary inspector, the village should have been much cleaner than ever It is better late than neVer. It is high time you initiated corrective measures at once. Monsoon season is notorious for spreading diseases. If the sanitary condition here continues to be in the same state, lives would be at great risk.

Hope you understand the gravity of the situation.
Expecting early action.

Yours ever
Gangadhar M

Question 7.
You are disappointed to know that you have not been selected to represent your college in the under 19 cricket tournaments. Write a letter to the Coach requesting him to reconsider his decision and offer you one more chance to prove yourself .
Answer:
LETTER TO COACH

Sita S
Senior Intermediate
Geetanjali Junior College
15.07.2022

The PD and Cricket Coach
Geetanjali Junior College

Sir

I find it extremely difficult to accept the fact that I have not been selected to represent our college in Under-19 Cricket tournaments. I kept cool and thought repeatedly about the possible reasons for my rejection. I could find none. Throughout my past track record, my performance has been flawless. And in every success we recorded, my contribution has been considerable.

I don’t want to blame anyone. But, my sporting career is at stake. I very humbly request you to reconsider your decision. If there is a need, put me to any kind of test. But ensure my inclusion in the team. I guarantee you higher success rates for our college.

Thank you sir in anticipation of a positive decision.

Yours sincerely
Sita

Question 8.
Write a letter to the Editor of a reputed newspaper about the ill effects of media, television and movies on your generation his decision and offer you one more chance to prove yourself
Answer:
LETTER TO EDITOR

Praveena. S
Narayana Peta
13.06.2022

The Editor
News Herald
Hyderabad

Sir

I wish to bring to the notice of the authorities the ill effects of negative and demotivating content in both print and electronic media and entertainment industry.

Young and impressionable minds fall easy prey to misleading and demoralising content. Media and cinema industry are more concerned about their commercial interests than their social responsibility.

In good olden days cinema and media used to offer healthy and personality- developing messages.

But today ‘good’ is to be searched for closely while ‘bad’ overflows and overwhelms.

It is time that controlling authorities exercised their powers and set things right at the earliest.

Yours
Praveena. S

Question 9.
Write a letter of complaint to the Su b-Inspector of Police of your area about the theft of your mobile in your hostel. [REVISION TEST – III]
Answer:
Letter of Complaint:

Room 12
Godavari Hostel
New Wings Jr. College
Peddapalli
16.09.2021

Sub-Inspector
Peddapalli Police Station

Dear Sir

I am Madhavi of second MPC. I stay in Room 10. This morning while going to classes I kept my mobile in my cupboard as usual. But, to my shock and surprise, I found it missing this evening.

I request you to look into the issue and see that my phone is restored to me at the earliest.

Thank you Sir,
Yours sincerely
Sai Kumar P

Personal (Informal) Letters

Personal Letters : An informal letter is perhaps the most common of letters. Such letters are written from time to time to deliver good news to people, to convey festival greetings or to enquire about the health of family members and friends or even simply to maintain some contact with a person. These letters are very friendly and casual in their tone. These rely a lot on memories, shared secrets and humorous moments of the past.

Now, let’s go through some informal letters. You can notice the slight difference in the format too.

Question 1.
Read the letter written by Rahul Reddy to his friend describing the camp against child labour arranged in his school by an NGO called Sishukshema.
Answer:
B-102/1A
Buruguda
Asifabad
21st May, 2022

Dear Aravind

I hope you are doing well. I strongly believe you are doing well in your studies as it is in my case. I have a special reason to write this letter.

It is all about a camp called Sishukshema organised by an NGO, in our school, last week. Child labour was spotlighted. It was illustrated in a lively way. They discussed cases of children who were not allowed to go to school and made to work in factories, hotels and agricultural fields. We did really feel pity for them.

We are fortunate that we don’t have to face such situations. But the organization pointed out the need for our help and care for those who are not fortunate. So, we have decided to help them by providing them with books and fees. A special committee was formed in our school to raise funds for this, and I am the secretary of it.

I do hope that the students of your school also could definitely contribute to such a noble cause. Please share this with your friends and try to collect funds. Convey my regards to uncle and aunt.

Yours lovingly
Rahul reddy

Aravind
H.NO.5-10-125/A
Chikkadpally
Hyderabad – 500020

Question 2.
Read this letter in which a student is expressing gratitude to the teacher who helped her in preparing for the board examination
Answer:
21-8/8
Chaithanyapuri
Dilshuknagar
Hyderabad
12th May, 2022

Dear Ms Kalyani

I would like to wholeheartedly express my gratitude for the help extended by you during my board  examination preparation. I was struggling to make out the grammar part of the paper. But your support and efforts made it a cakewalk. Thanks a lot, Miss, for your assistance and affection. You spent your valuable time with me to get me out of this trouble. I owe you a lot for that. You have been a great support in my life.

Now, I am confident that I can pass’ any competitive examination. I am sure, if you stand with me, I can be successful in my career. I’ll always be obliged to you for your generosity.

Thanks a lot

Yours affectionately
Srivani

Kalyani
H.No. 1-5-692
Ramnagar, Ambedkar Circle
Hanumakonda – 506001

Question 3.
Read the condolence letter written by Anurag to his friend Vinay on his friend’s death.
Answer:
12-6/1
Gandhi Street
Karimnagar
21st Feb, 2022

Dear Vinay

I was so sorry to hear about your friend, Raghu Ram’s death. I know how close you both were. You were more than friends. He was one of your family. Please accept my deep sympathies on. this irreplaceable loss.

Raghu Ram was very active and courageous. He took part in most of our community activities. He inspired me a lot. Many can take him as an inspiration. But he neglected his health, it seems. He should have been a bit careful regarding his health. I know, his death is a great loss in your life. Don’t hesitate to call me. I’m always here to help you.

May God bless you and Raghu Ram’s family with the strength to sail through this tough time. 11 op . to meet you this week. Please take care of your health and accept my sincere condolences.

With deep sympathies,

Yours truly
Anurag

Vinay
# 306, Anurag Enclave
Sripuram Township
Khammam – 507002

Question 4.
This is a letter written by a son to his father asking him to send Rs. 15000.
Answer:
231-A/1
Prerana College
Ram Nagar
Karimnagar
10th Sep, 2021

Dear father

Hope you are doing well. I am sure that all our family members are fine. I am studying well in all subjects. I’m proud to have lovely parents like you and mom.

Now, it’s difficult to express the purpose of this letter, but it’s a must. You know, it’s time to pay the college term fee of Rs.15000. It would be helpful to me if you could send the money immediately. The principal has instructed me to pay the amount by 21st September without fail.

Hope Lakshman is studying well. Convey my regards to mom and granny.

Yours affectionately
Ram Prasad

Krishna Prasad
Khileshapuram Village
Raghunathapalli Mandal
Jangaon District

Question 5.
Read a thanking letter written by Vijay to his uncle for the birthday gift.
Answer:
Flat No.: 35
Green Wood
Kukatpally
Hyderabad

24th April, 2022

Dear uncle

Thank you so much for the wonderful gift that I received from you today. You know my tastes well. That’s why you gifted me a beautiful marble statue of Lord Budha.

I was rather disappointed to know that you are not attending my birthday party. But the statue of Buddha brought back a smile to my face. You are such a wonderful man. You are so careful and thoughtful in selecting an appropriate gift! Your gift symbolised your intention of preparing me mentally and physically to face the challenges of life.

I promise you that I’ll follow your guidance and put all my efforts to make you proud of me. Convey my regards to aunt and Kittu.

Looking forward to meeting you soon.

Yours affectionately
Vijay

Gopal Rao
# 5-65, New City Road
Bhadrachalam
Bhadradri Kothagudem District

Exercises

Question 1.
Write a letter to your friend telling him/her about the new college you joined recently [Model Question Paper]
Answer:
LETTER TO A FRIEND ABOUT YOUR COLLEGE

13-12 Hamsa Veedhi
KoilSagar
16.06.2022

Dear Santhi

I am very happy to write to you about the college I joined here. It is Mother Teresa Junior college for Girls. True to its name, it is really service oriented. Sprawling campus with lush green trees greet students every day. Spacious and well- ventilated classrooms, labs, library and study rooms offer us cool comfort. The principal is an inspiring personality with smiling looks and affectionate approach.

All the lecturers are friendly with us. They explain every topic clearly and in simple terms. Focus is on self-learning and self-assessing techniques. Games, cultural events, quizzes, debates etc are regular features. Learning here is a fun-filled activity. Creativity is encouraged. Slow learners are taken care of personally.

I am blessed to have joined this college. I wish you to visit our college at the earliest. Convey my regards to aunt and uncle. Good wishes to Pinky. Looking forward to seeing you.

Yours lovingly,
MadhanManohar

Shanti. K
Krsihna Enclave
Street No 10
Vikas Nagar

Question 2.
We all witnessed COVID 19 deaths recently. You have witnessed the death of your neighbour due to COVID*19. Write a. letter to your friend in the U.S. A describing the incident and how you felt about it.
Answer:
LETTER TO A FRIEND – COVID DEATH

11- A Sainikpuri
Secunderabad

Dear Avinash

With a heavy heart that I do write to you about the tragic death of our neighbour – our uncle – Seetha Rama Chandra Murthy. The end had been very painful. COXID-19 infection, detected rather late. Best efforts from expert doctors failed to save uncle. Uncle was so dynamic, so friendly, so helpful that there was not a single soul in the village that did not bid a tearful farewell to that noble soul.

The saving grace is that uncle’s son and daughter are comfortably settled in our own village. They willingly and lovingly come forward to take care of aunt.

Yet the pain resulting from that sudden and sad demise needs quite a long time to ^subside. Yet, none can alter our fate except accepting it gracefully.

How are your children doing?
Any plans to visit India?
Regards to all of us there.

Yours lovingly
Raja Rao

Avinash Kumar. K
13 New Extension
Broad Way
New Jersey

Question 3.
Imagine you have received information from the Ministry of Education that you have secured the 5th place in Innovative’ Challenges Competitions. Write a letter to your friend describing your success.
Answer:
LETTER TO A FRIEND – SUCCESS

A1 Apartments
Vivekananda Nagar
Amaravaram
18.06.2022

Dear Basha

I am just thrilled to tell you that I have secured the fifth position at the national level Innovative Challenge Competitions.

The Ministry of Human Resources conducted this competition in the last month with a view to encouraging young minds to take up creative research. As you know well, I have a keen bent of mind for innovation. I crave for fresh and new ideas.

The moment I saw the notification for this competition in February, I decided to participate in it. Systematic and scientific smart work with the active support from our physics lecturer saw to it that I achieved this distinction.

This honour encourages me to take up creative research as my full-time career. I see immense potential in the field.

What’s up there at your end ?

Let us meet soon.

Yours affectionately,
Syed Nasseruddin

Basheer
Flat No. 205
Nalanda Heights
Near New Mosque
Nayeem Nagar

Question 4.
Write a thanksgiving letter to the lecturer who guided you through the Innovative Challenge Competition.
Answer:
LETTER TO LECTURER – THANKSGIVING

24-8B Church Road
Nadinetta Palem
Sanga Reddy (Dt)
15.06.2022

Dear Sir

I am very happy to have secured the 5th position at national level in the Innovative Challenge Competition. But I am even happier to say that it’s because of your active support that I achieved this success. The way you monitored my work and the way you offered directions wherever corrections were necessary decided my destiny. But for your measured guidance, I wouldn’t have attained this position. I will be grateful to you sir, for this invaluable assistance. I hope to do better in my future endeavours with your help and blessings.

Thank you sir.

Yours sincerely
Daniel Sekhar

N. Prasanna
Lecturer in Physics
Sanga Reddy Academy of Sciences
SangaReddy

Question 5.
Write a letter to your younger sister explaining the importance of reading books.
Answer:
LETTER TO SISTER-READING BOOKS

08-A1, Knowledge Hub
VivekNagar
Wisdompur
08.07.2022

Dear Vahini

How are you all there? Hope you are doing well there in your studies.

From mom I understand that you have been burning midnight oil. Mom adds that you are not really happy with your scores. She affirms that your work, and the outcomes are out of proportion.

It is here I feel like putting in a word or two. What I understand is your toil is missing the right direction. Hard work is always important. But smart work really matters. I advise you to read books beyond your syllabus. You may think you don’t find time for ‘other’ books. If you have a will, you will find a way. “Reading maketh a full man,” (a woman too, of course!) said Francis Bacon.

This is more relevant in the modem knowledge-driven society. A good book first relieves you of the worry you suffer from. Then it shows you the way to perform better as you become a FULL WOMAN. Once you taste the fruit of reading, you cannot stop yourself from reading life¬changing books. This will sure change your attitude positively.

Bye for now

Your loving brother
Avinash. K

Vaishnavi. K
10-A Madhura Nagar
Gopala Patnam
Adilabad (dt)

Question 6.
Write a letter to your younger sister explaining the importance of reading books.
Answer:
LETTER TO SISTER – READING BOOKS

6-3 Dwaraka Nagar
Thimmapuram
16.06.2022

Dear Manu

Sorry for the delay in replying to your letter.

For the past twenty days we have been very busy with the arrangements for our College Silver Jubilee celebrations. At last the programme ended on grand note the day before yesterday. Elaborate arrangements began a month earlier. As the Secretary of our college students union; I had to be responsible for quite a number of activities like cultural and sports competitions. Everything went off well. The concluding cultural extravaganza was the highlight. Group dances, solo folk performance, patriotic songs touched everyone’s heart. The chief guest’s inspiring speech drew loud applause from one and all.

Each student remembers the event for life.

By the way, how are you doing in your studies?
Let’s meet this weekend.

Yours lovingly
Dwivedi M

Manu. M
18/6-A Humayun Nagar
Pandy Bazaar
Chennai

Question 7.
Write a letter to the front line warriors of your local hospital expressing gratitude for their services during the pandemic.
Answer:
LETTER TO FRONT LINE WARRIORS

1-2/3B Ramnagar Enclave
Main Road
Chanda Nagar
11.02.2022

Dear Doctor

It is highly admirable that you and your team have been relentlessly working to save people from COVID-19 related complication. While the world dreads to just hear the word COVID, you have been reaching out to the infected persons and rendering medical services, knowing well the risks the work involves.

It is here that you and your team deserve our heartfelt gratitude. It is worth ‘ mentioning that our village stands out in the entire state with zero fatality rate in COVID -19 cases. Credit goes to you all.

May God bless you all with more and more energetic enthusiasm. *

Yours gratefully
Shyam Kumar

Dr. Prem Kumar
Govt. Primary Health Center
Chanda Nagar

Question 8.
You are the president of a voluntary organization. You are going to conduct a blood donation camp on behalf of the Red Cross. Write a letter to your uncle requesting him to assist you.
Answer:
Letter to Uncle:

r12-14 Ashram Veedhi
Vedaranya Puri
Medak(dt)
10.05.2022

Dear uncle

Our ‘Friends Club’ is organising a massive blood donation camp on the 20th of this month. The collection arrangements are being taken care of by the Red Cross Society. We, the volunteers have given a wide publicity to the camp and response to our call to donate blood is really encouraging. Our modest estimates show not less than 200 persons are going to donate blood on that day.

As a doctor with commitment to common man’s cause, you have won a unique reputation. I have drawn inspiration from you in social service. You have always been great support and encouragement to me. Now I request for your active guidance and support for this massive blood donation camp. As that day happens to be a Sunday, please do come, help us and encourage us.

Mom and dad also want to see you, for it is long since you visited us.

Looking forward to seeing you,

Your loving nephew
Srikanth P

Dr. Madhusudhana Rao
People’s Clinic
Siddipet

Question 9.
Write a letter to your uncle describing your feelings about monootonous academic work.
Answer:
Letter to Uncle – Monotonous Academic Work:

10, Tagore Hostel
Ideal College
Ravindra Nagar
13.05.2022

Dear uncle

How are you all there? I’m fine here.

I write this to relieve myself of the stress resulting from our monotonous academic activity. Right from 5 in the morning to 10 in the evening, work, work and nothing else. And that too all mechanical mugging up tasks. No scope for thinking. No room for creativity. Play, exercise, entertainment are strangers in the campus. I am fed up totally.

I crave for a change. I pray for wisdom to dawn on the administrators. I know you understand me well. I felt like unburdening myself.
Hope to see you this weekend.

Lovingly yours
Praveen Kumar
Vivek K

12 Bhagyanagar Towers
Vallabh Nagar
Vaisali