Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material 9th Lesson Emergence of Telangana State Textbook Questions and Answers.
TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material 9th Lesson Emergence of Telangana State
Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
Explain the various factors which led to the agitation for a separate Telangana State.
Answer:
Separate Telangana Agitation (1969):
The agitation for a separate Telangana State was started at the end of 1958 and continued in 1969. It was first started by the students and .employees as a protest against the injustice done to the Telangana area. Later, various political parties took advantage of the situation and led the agitation.
Causes :
- Non-implementation of rights and safeguards given to the Telangana region at the time of formation of Andhra Pradesh.
- Since the formation of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 no Telangana person was elected as the Chief Minister of the State.
- As stated in the Gentlemen’s Agreement the Deputy Chief Minister post was not given to the Telangana persons by the Andhra Chief Ministers with the exception of p.Sanjeevaiah.
- Dissatifaction among some Telangana leaders who had not position.
- A rumour was spread that the Abkari surplus funds of Telangana region were spend in Andhra area. In those days, there was prohibition in Andhra area and no prohibition in Telangana area.
- Telangana People were in the idea that many Andhra were in jobs in Telangana with false Mulki Certificates.
- Telangana people were also in the opinion that the Andhra were dominating in all the administrative departments.
- Unrest among students.
- Support give by the people of other states who settled in Hyderabad and the other Telangana towns for their selfish ends.
The separate Telangana agitation was prolonged in the year 1970 also. In December, 1970 Mrs.Gandhi recommended for the Lok Sabha and for a mid-term pole to the Lok Sabha. The Telangana Praja Samithi contested all the 14 seats from the Telangana region and secured 10 Lok Sabha seats. In September,1971 there were discussions between the Prime Minister Mrs.Gandhi and T.RS leaders. As a result T.RS. was emerged in the Rulling congress. The discussions also led to the proclamation of six point formula. It includes,
- Contunuation of Mulki Rules.
- Separate accounts and budget for Telangana.
- A Separate Congress Committee for Telangana.
- Resignation of Kasu Brahmananda Reddy in favour of a Chief Minister from Telangana region.
- To review the situation after 10 years.
- To provide legal status to the Telangana Regional Committee.
The Separate Telangana agitation failed to achieves it essential goal of separate Telangana State. But it secured assuraces and protections for the Telangana for the first time, a Chief Minister was chose from the Telangana region was the Education Minister RV.Narasimha Rao.
Question 2.
Discuss the Formation of Telangana as the New State in the Indian Union.
Answer:
The emergence of Telangana state in 2014 is the result of long drown struggle. It has a history of sixty years of struggle and movements marked by agitations, negotiations, formation and merger of parties, agreement and violation of agreement.
Constitutional Process -A.P. Re organisation Act, 2014 :
The Parliament is empowered to create a new state by following a certain procedure prescribed under Article 3 of the Indain constitution. The Union Government followed the required steps prescribed by Article 3 of the constitution. The President of India referred the A.R reorganisation Bill, 2014 to the state legislature for its consideration. The A.R state legislature rejected the Bill. However, the Parliament had the power either to accept (or) reject the opinion of the state legislature, finally, the Bill was referred to parliament by President.
Both Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha passed the Bill and President Pranad Mukerjee had signed the A.R Reorganisation Bill 2014 which become an Act on 1st March 2014. The Government of India declared that on 2nd June, 2014 the Act would come into force. By this, the Telangana state was formed on 2nd June, 2014 as the 29th State in the Union of India.
Emergence and formation of Telangana State :
The AP Reorganisation Act 2014 has the following sailent features.
A State of telangana:
A new Telangana state with 10 districts has emerged as the 29th State of the Indian Union.
A State of Andhra Pradesh :
The State of Andhra Pradesh has 13 districts after the division of the state.
Hyderabad as a common capital:
Hyderabad remains as the common capital for the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for a period not exceeding 10 years.
Common Governor:
There shall be a common Governor for both the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The Governor is vested with same special duties.
Members of Rajya Sabha :
According to the Act there are 17 members from the state of Telangana in Lok Sabha while the state of Andhra Pradesh will have 25 members.
Legislative Assembly :
The following is the composition of members in the State Legislative Assembly.
a) Telangana -119
b) Andhra Pradesh -175
Legislative Council :
According to the Act the Telangana State shall have 40 members and Andhra Pradesh shall have 50 members respectively.
Other provisions :
The AP Reorganisation Act 2014 has provided various other provisions like Separate High Courts, provisions for SC’s and ST’s, distribution of revenues etc.
The long cherished demand for a separate statehood for Telangana was achieved after a long.
Struggle 2nd June 2014 is a memorable day for the people of Telangana who always maintain self-respect and cultural identity. Several leaders in the post struggled for more than six decades and contributed significantly to the cause. The dynamic role of K. Chandra Sekhar Rao in the Telangana Movement and emergence of Telangana State altered the course of Telanganites. The relentless efforts of Mrs. Sonia Gandhi and the support given by BJP and other Political parties cannot be ignored in this regard.
Let us hope that the newly created Telangana State would become a model state in Indian Federation. May the dream of Telangana people to realise ‘Bangaru Telangana1 become a reality. For this, the people of Telangana have to travel many miles to translate their aim into a reality.
Question 3.
Describe the role of JAC’s in Telangana Movement.
Answe:
There are hundreds of political formation in the form of Joint Action Committees (JACs) that have exhibited the aspirations and spirit of the people of Telangana. These JACs have the potential to nurture various ways to articulate the demand for the formation of Telangana State. Both the formation and operation of these JACs is unprecedented in the history of Indian Politics in general and Telangana in particular.
These are various factors that contribute for the formation of hundreds of Joint Action Committees (JACs). The injustice meted out to Telangana in matters of river waters, employment and education, discrimination with regard to revenue sharing, land grabbing and encroachment in large scale, monopoly over the industrial sector, cultural invasion, disrespecting and belittling the Telangana dialect and so on compounded into major social economic and political problems in the Telangana region. This has motivated the people to undertake collective action with a determined goal of achieving Telangana State and formed as Joint Action Committees.
These JACs have formed as common platform for fighting the common cause, though the basis of their formation differ with caste, religion, profession etc. These Joint Action Committees (JACs) have manifested their collective interest with common desire and aspiration of Telangana with common modes of articulation. Mention may be made about some of JACs who have played a prominent role in sreading the Telangana Movement. These include, the political JAC, studnets JAC, advocates JAC, Kula Sangala JAC, Employees JAC and so on. While some of the JACs have independently taken up the cause and spread the movement, others undertook activities as per the directions of political JAC
Political Joint Action Committee :
The political Joint Action Committee was formed on 24th December 2009. Major political parties such as Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), Bharatiya janata party (BJP), Communist Party of India (CPI), Congress party, Telugu Desam Party, CPI (ML), New Democracy, Employees associations and others associated with political JAC. The political JAC formed as the UPA Government had shown signs of deviation from the December 9, 2009 declaration of initiating the process of Telangana formation.
The political JAC is led by a political science professor from Osmania University m. Kodandarama Reddy popularly known as Kodandaram. The extensively undertook various protest programmes for fighting the cause of Telangana. These programmes include, the Non-cooperation. Million March, maanava haaram, Sakala Janula Samme. Sagara Haram, Jail Bharo, Rail Roko, Vanta Varpu etc.
Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
Explain the provisions of Gentlemen’s Agreement.
Answer:
In order to clear the doubts among the people of Telangana that the visalandhra may obstruct their interests, the Gentlemen’s Agreement took place on 20th February, 1956 at Delhi basing on the recommendations of Fazal Ali Commission. It was attended by Sri Bezawada Gopala Reddy the then chief minister of Andhra State, and his Colleagues Sarvasi Neelam, Sanjeeva Reddy, Goiithu lanchana, Alui Satyanarayan Raju from Andhra Region.
Sri Burgula Ramkrishna Rao the then chief minister of Hyderabad state and his colleagues savaging K.V.Ranga Reddy, Mari Channa Reddy, J.V. Narsinga Rao from Telangana Region. They had signed on the Agreement which contains the following aspects.
- The administrative expenditure of the state shall be contributed in proportion of both Andhra and Telangana should be confined for its development up to five years and it may be extended for another five years at the request of Telangana legislators.
- The educational opportunities which are in Telangana shall be provided for them only more development is.to be extended. Technical education and seats in Universities shall be allocated up 1/3 for Telangana students.
- The Vacancies arise in Future shall be allocated to both regions in proportion to their population.
- 12 Years of Residency is must for Andhra people to get job in Telangana.
- Regional Development council shall be constituted for over all development of Telangana.
- In Council of ministers there shall be 60% from Andhra and 40% from Telangana respectively there must be one muslim from Telangana part.
- If the Chief Minister is belongs to Andhra region, the deputy chief minister must be from Telangana region and vise-versa. At least 2 poof folios must be given to Telangana out of Home, Finance, Revenue, Planning, Development, Commerce and Industry.
Question 2.
Write a note on Telangana Agitation in 1969.
Answer:
Consequent to the violation of Gentlemen’s Agreement by the successive Governments in Andhra Pradesh, particularly the violation of Mulki Rules, cumulatively resulted in the emergence of eruption of separate Telangana agitation in 1969. It was reported that as many as 25,000 Government jobs were occupied by migrant Andhra’s in Telangana a region. Added to it large number of students and employees felt betrayed in view of violation of Mulki Rules. It is against this background that 1969 agitation for separation of Telangana from Andhra received impetus. Originally, the 1969 agitation was started in Khammam District by a student of Ostnania University who undertook fast unto death for the formation of Telangana. Subsequently, it spread all over the region.
The Government employees and opposition members of the State Legislative Assembly came out and threatened “Direct Action” in support of the students. Subsequently, their were protests all over the region, people from all walks of life including employees, teachers, students, intellectuals, women, and general public joined the movement. Even the political leaders like Konda Laxman Bapuji, the then minister, resigned and joined the movement. Prominent student leaders like Madan Mohan, Mallikarjun, V.B.Raju and Puli Veeranna etc., joined the agitation.
The students questioned the violation of Telangana safeguards and demanded the genuine implementation of these safeguards which were guaranteed by the Gentlemen’s Agreement. It was also recorded that as many as 370 students lost lives in police firing during the nine months agitation. As many as 70)000 people were arrested including 7,000 women. The Government led by Kasu Brahmananda Reddy adopted repressive policies through the deployment of police and military.
Question 3.
Explain the provisions of A.P. Reorganisation Act, 2014.
Answer:
The parliament is empowered to create a New State by following a certain procedure prescribed “under Article 3 of the Indian Constitution. The Union Government followed the required steps prescribed by Article 3 of the constitution. The President of India referred the AP.
Recongnisation Bill, 2014 to the state legislature for its consideration. The A.R State Legislature rejected the Bill.
However, the parliament had the power either to accept or reject the opinion of the State Legislature. Finally, the Bill was referred to parliament by th president.
Both, Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha passed the Bill and president Pranab Mukherjee had signed the A.R Reorganisation Bill, 2014 which became an Act on 1st March, 2014. The Government of India declared that on 2nd June, 2014 the Act Would come into force. By this the Telangana State was formed on 2nd June, 2014 as the 29th State in the Union of India.
Question 4.
Write a note on the Significance of June 2, 2014.
Answer:
2nd June, 2014 is a memorable day for the people of Telangana who always maintain self-respect and cultural identity. Several leaders in the past struggled for more than six decades and contributed significantly to the cause.
The dynamic role of K. Chandra Sekhar Rao in the Telangana movement and emergence of Telangana state altered the course of Telanganities. The relentless efforts of Mrs. Sonia Gandhi and the support given by BJP and other political parties cannot be ignored in this regard.
Let us hope that the newly created Telangana State would become a model state in Indian Federation. May the dream of Telangana people to realise ‘Bangaru Telangana’ become a reality. For this, the people of Telangana have to travel many miles to translate their aim into a reality.
Question 5.
Write about Telangana Regional Co-ordination Committees (TRCC).
Answer:
Establishment of Telangana Regional Co-ordination Committee was a commitment made in the Gentlemen’s Agreement between the leaders of Andhra and Telangana. The advice rendered by the Regional Committee was to be accepted by the government and state legislature.
The Telangana Regional Co-ordination Committee was given power to deal :
a) Development and economic planning within the frame work of the general development, plans formulated by the state legislature.
b) Local self-government, that is to say, the constitutional powers of municipal co-operations, improvement trusts, districts boards, and district authorities for the purpose of local self-government or village administration.
c) Public health and sanitation, local hospitals, and dispensaries.
d) Primary and secondary education.
e) Regulation of admission to the educational institutions in the Telangana region.
f) Prohibition.
g) Sale of agricultural lands.
h) Cottage and small scale industries and agriculture, co-operative societies, markets and fairs Unless revised by agreement.
Very Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
Hyderabad State.
Answer:
The erstwhile princely State of Hyderabad was integrated into Indian Union in 1948 as a result of police action. In the ensuring election to the State Assembly, the congress party swept the polls and formed the Government with Burgula Ramakrishna Rao as the Chief Minister. The State of Hyderabad remained as trilingual state with Telugu speaking people forming the major demographic community along with Kannada and Maratha-speaking regions. The State of Hyderabad was an autonomous state with surplus revenues and efficient administration.
Question 2.
Mulki Rules,
Answer:
i) The person who gets an employment in the Telangana, He must be a Resident of Telangana for not less than 15 Years.
ii) 80% of Jobs should be allocated for Telangana people in Telangana Region and remaining 20% jobs shall be allocated for Andhra Region people.
Question 3.
Visalandra.
Answer:
After formation of separate Andhra State, a demand was articulated by the political elite in Andhra region that why not merge the Telugu Speaking Telangana region of Hyderabad State with Telugus of Andhra State. In otherwords, the idea of “Visalandra” was advanced and popularised. The national congress leadership also hinted at the idea to the Telangana congressmen. Added to it the CPI had actively compaigned for one state for all Telugu speaking people. This compaigned of C.RI. spread in both regions (i.e), Andhra and Telangana. The popular slogan of C.RI.during this period was “visalandralo Praja Rajyam”. It means the need for formation of popular democratic government in an enlarged visalandra.
Question 4.
Telangana Agitation, 1969.
Answer:
Consequent to the violation of Gentlemen’s agreement by the successive government’s in Andhra Pradesh, particularly the violation of Mulki rules, cummulatively resulted in the emergence or eruption of separate Telangana agitation in 1969. It was reported that as many as 2500 Government jobs were occupied by migrant Andhra’s in Telangana a region. Added to it large number of students and employees felt betrayed in view of violation of Mulki rules. It is against this background that 1969 agitation for separation of Telangana from Andhra received impetus. Originally the 1969 agitation was started in Khammam district by the student of Osmania University who undertook fast into death for the formation of Telangana. Subsequently, it spread all over the region.
Question 5.
Srikrishna Committee report, 2010.
Answer:
The Srikrishna Committee which was appointed by the Government of India on 3rd February, 2010 has submitted its report on 16th December 2010. It had given six solutions to the problem.
- It gave preference to the State United with different Constitutional and Statutory measures for socio-economic development and political empowerment of Telangana Region through the creation of Telangana Regional Council.
- Maintaining the status quo.
- Separating the state of Andhra Pradesh into Seemandhra and Telangana regions while Hyderabad to be converted into a Union – Territory.
- Dividing Andhra Pradesh into two States. One of Rayal Telangana and Second – Coastal Andhra Pradesh.
- Dividing Andhra Pradesh into Seemandhra and Telangana with enlarged Hyderabad Metropolis as a separate Union Territory; and
- Bifurcation of the State into Telangana and Seemandhra as per the existing boundaries with Hyderabad as the capital of Telangana and Seemandhra to have a New Capital.
Question 6.
Violation of safeguards on Telangana.
Answer:
- By amending the domicile rule, the residential qualification for public employment and education was reduced from 15 years to 4 years. With the result it is presumed that more . than 50 thousand Andhras are holding jobs meant for Telangana and this trend curbs the employment and educational opportunities of Telangana people.
- People below the poverty line are 40.78 percent in Telangana compared to a much less percentage in Andhra according to 1987-88 estimates of A.R State government (Mahabubnagar district account for high percentage of below poverty line families in the state.) But the contribution of Telangana region to the state’s revenues is always more than 40 percent
- After the Andhra Agitation of 1972, Mulki rules and Telangana Regional Committee were abolished thereby denying institutional mechanisms to check the injustices and backwardness and protect region’s interests.
- The educational facilities are poor for Telangana people. Telangana region continues to be the lowest in literacy rates at 37 percent. Very few professional colleges in Engineering, Medical streams were established. The number of Universities stand at a very low figure in Telangana region.
- The plans and designs of two major river valley projects on Krishna namely Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam, are catering to the needs of Andhra but not to the Telangana area. In fact, the Nalgonda district of Telangana which has sacrificed much of its areas for Nagarjuna Sagar was denied its rightful share.
Question 7.
Hyderabad as common capital.
Answer:
According to the A.R Reorganization Ac, 2014, Hyderabad remains as the common capital for the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for a period not exceeding 10 years.
Question 8.
Sakala Janula Samme.
Answer:
The Sakala Janula Samme (All people’s strike) is a great highlight in Telangana Agitation. This movement led to the strike of all sections of people supporting “Telangana Statehood”. The government employees stayed out from the work. Lawyers boycotted the courts and many other government employees like members of the teaching community, electricity board etc., participated. This movement led to “Rail Roko and Road Blockade”.
Question 9.
Million March.
Answer:
The Million March Movement was organised by Telangana Joint Action Committee led by Prof. Kodanda Ram in Hyderabad on 10th March, 2011 demanding Separate State of Telangana.
Question 10.
Political JAC.
Answer:
Political Joint Action Committee :
The Political Joint Action Committee was formed on 24 December 2009. Major political parties such as Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Communist party of India (CPI), Congress Party, Telugu Desam Party, CPI (ML) New Democracy, Employees associations and others associated with political JAC. The political JAC formed as the UPA Government had shown signs of deviation from the December 9, 2009 declaration of initiating the process of Telangana formation.
The political JAC is led by a political science professor from Osmania University M. Kondandarama Reddy popularly known as Kondandaram. He, extensively undertook various protest programmes for fighting the cause of Telangana. These programmes include, the Non-cooperation, Million March, Maanava Haaram, Sakala Janula Samme, Sagara Haram, Jail Bharo, Rail Roko, Vanta Varpu etc.
Question 11.
Students JAC.
Answer:
Telangana Movement was started and intensified with the active participation of students of different colleges and universities. Students belonging to different organisations with multiple ideological doctrines have come together to form the student joint Action Committees. Prominent among them were the Osmania University Students JAC (OUJAC) and Kakatiya University Students JAC (KUJAC).