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TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 11 The Woman on Platform No 8

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TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 11th Lesson The Woman on Platform No 8

Paragraph Questions & Answers (Section A, Q.No.5, Marks: 4)
Answer the following Questions in about 100 words

Question 1.
Describe the character of Arun, the boarding school boy? (Revision Test – I)
Answer:
Ruskin Bond is a well-known contemporary Indian writer of British descent. He wrote many books inspirational children’s books and was honoured with the Sahitya Akademi Award for his literary work. The present short story represent from “The women on plat form No. 8” the main idea of is a story about love and affection that overcomes all sense of belonging barriers.

Arun was a boarding school student. He was returning to school. His parents thought he was old enough to travel alone. So he took a bus from his hometown to Ambala, arriving early in the evening. The train he needed to catch left at 12 a.m. He was waiting for the northbound train on platform 8 at Ambala station. It had been a long time for him. He walked up and down the platform, browsing the book stall and feeding street dogs biscuits. He stood there watching the trains come and go. Whenever a train arrived, the platform became a center for activity. and it would be quiet after the train had left. He sat down on his suitcase, tired of pacing around the platform, and stare at the railway tracks.

A soft voice asked from behind if he was alone. Arun saw a middle aged woman in white sari, with dark kind eyes leaning over him. There was some kind of dignity about her which made Arun stand up respectfully and answer. He told her that he was alone and that he was going to school. She asked him if his parents had not come to see him off. Arun said that he did not live there and he could travel alone. The lady agreed with him. Arun liked her for her simplicity, her deep soft voice and the serenity of her face.

రస్కిన్ బాండ్ బ్రిటిష్ సంతతికి చెందిన సుప్రసిద్ద సమకాలీన భారతీయ రచయిత. అతను అనేక స్పూర్తిదాయకమైన పిల్లల పుస్తకాలను వ్రాసాడు మరియు అతని సాహిత్య కృషికి సాహిత్య అకాడమీ అవార్డుతో సత్కరించబడ్డాడు. ప్రస్తుత చిన్న కథ “ది విమెన్ ఆన్ ప్లాట్ ఫారమ్ నం. 8″ నుండి ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహిస్తుంది” యొక్క ప్రధాన ఆలోచన ప్రేమ మరియు ఆప్యాయత గురించిన కథ, ఇది అన్ని అడ్డంకులను
అధిగమించింది.

అరుణ్ బోర్డింగ్ స్కూల్ విద్యార్థి. అతను పాఠశాలకు తిరిగి వస్తున్నాడు. అతనికి ఒంటరిగా ప్రయాణించే వయసు వచ్చిందని తల్లిదండ్రులు భావించారు. అందుకని తన స్వగ్రామం నుండి అంబాలాకు బస్సులో సాయంత్రం త్వరగా చేరుకున్నాడు. అతను పట్టుకోవాల్సిన రైలు 12 గంటలకు బయలుదేరింది, అతను అంబాలా స్టేషన్లోని ప్లాట్ఫారమ్ 8 మీద ఉత్తరం వైపు వెళ్లే రైలు కోసం వేచి ఉన్నాడు. అతనికి చాలా కాలం అయింది. అతను బుక్ స్టాల్ బ్రౌజ్ చేస్తూ, వీధి కుక్కలకు బిస్కెట్లు తినిపిస్తూ ప్లాట్ఫారమ్ పైకి క్రిందికి నడిచాడు. రైళ్లు వస్తూ పోతూ చూస్తూ నిలబడ్డాడు. రైలు వచ్చినప్పుడల్లా ప్లాట్ఫారమే కార్యకలాపాలకు కేంద్రంగా మారింది. మరియు రైలు బయలుదేరిన తర్వాత అది నిశ్శబ్దంగా ఉంటుంది. అతను తన సూ సూట్ కేస్ పై కూర్చున్నాడు, ప్లాట్ఫారమ్ చుట్టూ తిరుగుతూ అలసిపోయాడు మరియు రైల్వే ట్రాక్ లు చూస్తూ ఉన్నాడు.

ఒంటరిగా ఉన్నారా అని వెనుక నుండి మెత్తని స్వరం అడిగింది. తెల్లటి చీరలో, ముదురు దయగల కళ్లతో తనపైకి వంగి ఉన్న నడివయస్కురాలిని చూశాడు అరుణ్. ఆమెలో ఒకరకమైన పరువు ఉండడం వల్ల అరుణ్ని గౌరవంగా లేచి నిలబడి సమాధానమిచ్చాడు. తాను ఒంటరిగా ఉన్నానని, పాఠశాలకు వెళుతున్నానని చెప్పాడు. అతడిని చూసేందుకు తల్లిదండ్రులు రాలేదా అని అడిగాడు. తాను అక్కడ నివసించలేదని, ఒంటరిగా ప్రయాణించవచ్చని అరుణ్ చెప్పాడు. లేడీ అతనితో ఏకీభవించింది. అరుణ్ ఆమె సరళత, ఆమె లోతైన మృదువైన స్వరం మరియు ఆమె ముఖంలోని ప్రశాంతత కోసం ఆమెను ఇష్టపడ్డాడు.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 11 The Woman on Platform No 8

Question 2.
What did satish’s mother advices him about strangers? How did arun and satish react to her advice?
Answer:
Ruskin Bond is a well-known English contemporary Indian writer. He wrote several inspirational children’s books and received the Sahitya Akademi Award for his literary work. The following short story is an excerpt from “The women on plat form No. 8″. The central idea of this short story is a story about love and affection that overcomes all barriers to belonging. When satish’s mother said-“And never talk to strangers” both Arun and Satish reacted with disagreement.

Arun looked at the stronger woman who was so kind to him and replied obstinately that he liked strangers, satish’s mother was shocked by his reply and she repeated her advice, Arun moved closer to the stranger woman. He developed a sense of resentment for satish’s mother on the other side, Satish grinned at Arun and was delighted in the clash between Arun and his mother.

రస్కిన్ బాండ్ బ్రిటిష్ సంతతికి చెందిన సుప్రసిద్ధ సమకాలీన భారతీయ రచయిత. అతను అనేక స్పూర్తిదాయకమైన పిల్లల పుస్తకాలను వ్రాసాడు మరియు అతని సాహిత్య కృషికి సాహిత్య అకాడమీ అవార్డుతో సత్కరించబడ్డాడు. ప్రస్తుత షార్ట్ స్టోరీ “ది విమెన్ ఆన్ ప్లాట్ ఫారమ్ నెం. 8” నుండి ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహిస్తుంది” ప్రస్తుత చిన్న కథ యొక్క ప్రధాన ఆలోచన ప్రేమ మరియు ఆప్యాయత గురించిన కథ, ఇది అన్ని అడ్డంకులను అధిగమించింది.

“మరియు అపరిచితులతో ఎప్పుడూ మాట్లాడవద్దు” అని సతీష్ తల్లి చెప్పినప్పుడు, అరుణ్ మరియు సతీష్ ఇద్దరూ విభేదిస్తూ ప్రతిస్పందించారు. అరుణ్ తన పట్ల చాలా దయగా ఉన్న బలమైన స్త్రీని చూసి, అపరిచితులను ఇష్టపడతానని మొండిగా సమాధానం ఇచ్చాడు, సతీష్ తల్లి అతని సమాధానంతో ఆశ్చర్యపోయింది మరియు ఆమె తన సలహాను పునరావృతం చేసింది అరుణ్ అపరిచిత మహిళకు దగ్గరగా వెళ్ళాడు. ఎదురుగా ఉన్న సతీష్ తల్లిపై పగ పెంచుకున్నాడు. సతీష్ అరుణ్ వైపు నవ్వాడు మరియు అరుణ్ మరియు అతని తల్లి మధ్య గొడవలో ఆనందించాడు.

Question 3.
What made Arun call the strange women ‘mother at the end? (Revision Test – I)
Answer:
Ruskin Bond is a well-known contemporary English Indian writer. He wrote a number of inspirational children’s books and was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for his literary work. The following is a short story from “The Women on Plat Form No. 8.” This short story’s core concept is about love and affection overcoming all obstacles to belonging.

Arun called the stranger woman ‘mother’ at the end, because she had treated him tenderly and offered him tea and sweets. She listened to him and showed trust in him. He liked her kindness and graceful behaviour. She introduced herself as his mother. She supported Arun against satish’s mother, Arun wanted to repay her kindness by acknowledging her as mother.

రస్కిన్ బాండ్ సుప్రసిద్ధ ఆంగ్ల సమకాలీన భారతీయ రచయిత. అతను అనేక స్ఫూర్తిదాయకమైన పిల్లల పుస్తకాలను వ్రాసాడు మరియు అతని సాహిత్య కృషికి సాహిత్య అకాడమీ అవార్డును అందుకున్నాడు. కింది చిన్న కథ “ది విమెన్ ఆన్ ప్లాట్ ఫారమ్ నెం. 8” నుండి సారాంశం. ఈ చిన్న కథ యొక్క ప్రధాన ఆలోచన ప్రేమ మరియు ఆప్యాయత గురించి, ఇది అన్ని అడ్డంకులను అధిగమించడం.

అపరిచిత మహిళను అరుణ్ చివర్లో ‘అమ్మా’ అని పిలిచాడు, ఎందుకంటే ఆమె అతనిని ఆప్యాయంగా చూసింది మరియు అతనికి టీ మరియు స్వీట్లు ఇచ్చింది. ఆమె అతని మాట విని అతనిపై నమ్మకాన్ని చూపింది. అతను ఆమె దయ మరియు మనోహరమైన ప్రవర్తనను ఇష్టపడ్డాడు. ఆమె తన తల్లి అని పరిచయం చేసుకుంది. సతీష్ తల్లికి వ్యతిరేకంగా ఆమె అరుణ్కు మద్దతు ఇచ్చింది, అరుణ్ ఆమెను తల్లిగా గుర్తించి ఆమె దయను తీర్చుకోవాలనుకున్నాడు.

Question 4.
Give any four reasons to explain why Arun developed instant liking for the strange women in a white sari on platform No.8
Answer:
Ruskin Bond is a well-known contemporary English Indian writer. He wrote a number of inspirational children’s books and was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for his literary work. The following is a short story from “The Women on Plat Form No. 8.” This short story’s core concept is about love and affection tackling all obstacles to belonging.

Arun saw a middle aged woman in white sari, with dark kind eyes leaning over him. There was some kind of dignity about her which made Arun stand up respectfully and answer. Arun liked her for simplicity, her deep soft voice and the serenity of her face. The stranger found out his name and the train he was waiting for. She took him to the dining room and ordered jalebies, samosas and tea. She gave Satish a bag of fruits, a cricket bat and a box of chocolates. She asked Satish to share the food with Arun. Finally Arun addressed the stranger as his mother and bid goodbye to her.

రస్కిన్ బాండ్ సుప్రసిద్ద సమకాలీన ఆంగ్ల భారతీయ రచయిత. అతను అనేక స్ఫూర్తిదాయకమైన పిల్లల పుస్తకాలను వ్రాసాడు మరియు అతని సాహిత్య కృషికి సాహిత్య అకాడమీ అవార్డును పొందాడు. కిందిది “ది విమెన్ ఆన్ ప్లాట్ ఫారం నంబర్ 8″ నుండి ఒక చిన్న కథ. ఈ చిన్న కథ యొక్క ప్రధాన కాన్సెప్ట్ ప్రేమ మరియు ఆప్యాయతకు సంబంధించిన అన్ని అడ్డంకులను అధిగమించడం.

తెల్లటి చీరలో, ముదురు దయగల కళ్లతో తనపైకి వంగి ఉన్న నడివయస్కురాలిని చూశాడు అరుణ్. ఆమెలో ఒకరకమైన పరువు ఉండడం వల్ల అరుణ్ని గౌరవంగా లేచి నిలబడి సమాధానమిచ్చాడు. అరుణ్కి ఆమె సింప్లిసిటీ, ఆమె లోతైన మృదువైన స్వరం మరియు ఆమె ముఖంలోని ప్రశాంతత నచ్చింది. అపరిచితుడు అతని పేరు మరియు అతను వేచి ఉన్న రైలును కనుగొన్నాడు. డైనింగ్ రూమ్ కి తీసుకెళ్ళి జిలేబీలు, సమోసాలు, టీ ఆర్డర్ చేసింది. సతీష్ కి పండ్ల సంచి, క్రికెట్ బ్యాట్, చాక్లెట్ల పెట్టె ఇచ్చింది. అరుణ్ తో ఆహారం పంచుకోమని సతీష్ ని కోరింది. చివరగా అరుణ్ అపరిచితుడిని తన తల్లి అని సంబోధించి ఆమెకు వీడ్కోలు పలికాడు.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 11 The Woman on Platform No 8

The Woman on Platform No 8 Summary in English

About Author

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 11 The Woman on Platform No 8 1
Ruskin Bond (born 19 May 1934) is an Anglo Indian author. His first novel, The Room on the Roof, was published in 1956, and it received the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize in 1957. Bond has authored more than 500 short stories, essays, and novels, including 64 books for children. He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1992 for Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1999 and Padma Bhushan in 2014. He lives with his adopted family in Landour,
Mussoorie.

Few of his notable works in English:

The Room on the Roof, Vagrants in the Valley, Rusty Runs Away, A Flight of Pigeons The Sensualist, Once Upon A Monsoon Time, Delhi is Not Far, Ranji’s Wonderful Bat, Dust on the mountain, Getting Granny’s Glasses, Looking For the Rainbow: My years with Daddy, Landour Days – A writers Journal, Scenes from a Writer’s Life With Love From The Hills, Roads To Mussoorie

The story “The Woman on Platform” is written by Ruskin Bond. The story was about a twelve-year-old schoolboy named Arun. It was his time to return to his school, so he sat on platform no.8 at Ambala station. His train would most likely arrive at midnight. So he continued to walk up and down the platform, feeding street dogs broken biscuits and browsing the bookstall. He quickly lost interest in his surroundings. He was bored and lonely. Arun was startled to hear a soft voice from behind him.

It was a woman dressed in a white saree who appeared pale and had kind dark eyes. She didn’t wear any jewellery. After a brief introduction, she invited Arun to the station dining room for some snacks and drinks. Arun was too shy to accompany her. But the woman’s tenderness forced him to join her. The woman appeared to enjoy watching him eat. He opened up to her about his school, friends, likes, and dislikes while eating. The woman said very little and listened to him intimately. Satish, Arun’s school friend, and his mother appeared on the platform.

Satish’s mother identified the woman standing next to Arun as his mother. Before Arun could say anything, the woman introduced herself as his mother. Satish’s mother claims that there are a lot of suspicious people around. She advised people to be cautious of strangers. Satish’s mother gave Arun a stern look and told him to be cautious in the absence of his mother and to never talk to strangers. ‘I like strangers,’ Arun said at the time. Satish and Arun board the train after it arrives on the platform.

Satish’s mother and the woman were talking to the boys from the platform. Satish said, “Goodbye, mother,” as the train began to move. They exchanged waves. Before the train departed from the station, Arun addressed the woman as “mother.” He kept staring at the woman until she slipped away into the crowd.

The Woman on Platform No 8 Summary in Telugu

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

“ది వుమన్ ఆన్ ప్లాట్ఫారమ్” కథను రస్కిన్ బాండ్ రాశారు. ఈ కథ అరుణ్ అనే పన్నెండేళ్ల పాఠశాల విద్యార్థికి సంబంధించినది. అతను తన పాఠశాలకు తిరిగి రావడానికి ఇది సమయం, కాబట్టి అతను అంబాలా స్టేషన్లోని ప్లాట్ఫారమ్ నెం. 8 పై కూర్చున్నాడు. అతని రైలు అర్ధరాత్రి వచ్చే అవకాశం ఉంది. కాబట్టి అతను ప్లాట్ఫారమ్ పైకి క్రిందికి నడవడం కొనసాగించాడు, వీధి కుక్కలకు విరిగిన బిస్కెట్లు తినిపించాడు మరియు బుడ్స్టాల్ బ్రౌజ్ చేశాడు. అతను త్వరగా తన పరిసరాలపై ఆసక్తిని కోల్పోయాడు. అతను విసుగు మరియు ఒంటరిగా ఉన్నాడు. అరుణ్ వెనుక నుంచి మెత్తని స్వరం వినిపించి ఆశ్చర్యపోయాడు.

తెల్లటి చీర కట్టుకున్న ఒక స్త్రీ లేతగా కనిపించింది మరియు దయగల చీకటి కళ్ళు కలిగి ఉంది. ఆమె ఎలాంటి నగలు ధరించలేదు. కొద్దిసేపు పరిచయం తర్వాత, ఆమె అరుణ్ని కొన్ని స్నాక్స్ మరియు డ్రింక్స్ కోసం స్టేషన్ డైనింగ్ రూమ్కి ఆహ్వానించింది. అరుణ్ ఆమెకు తోడుగా వెళ్లడానికి చాలా సిగ్గుపడ్డాడు. కానీ స్త్రీ యొక్క సున్నితత్వం అతనిని ఆమెతో చేరడానికి బలవంతం చేసింది. అతను తినడం చూసి ఆ స్త్రీ ఆనందిస్తున్నట్లు కనిపించింది. అతను భోజనం చేస్తున్నప్పుడు తన పాఠశాల స్నేహితులు, ఇష్టాలు మరియు అయిష్టాల గురించి ఆమెతో విప్పాడు. ఆ స్త్రీ చాలా తక్కువ చెప్పింది మరియు అతనిని చాలా దగ్గరగా విన్నది. అరుణ్ స్కూల్ ఫ్రెండ్ సతీష్, అతని తల్లి ప్లాట్ ఫాం మీద కనిపించారు. అరుణ్ పక్కన నిల్చున్న మహిళను సతీష్ తల్లి తన తల్లిగా గుర్తించింది.

అరుణ్ ఏమీ అనకముందే ఆ మహిళ తనను తన తల్లిగా పరిచయం చేసుకుంది. చుట్టుపక్కల చాలా మంది అనుమానాస్పద వ్యక్తులు ఉన్నారని సతీష్ తల్లి పేర్కొంది. అపరిచిత వ్యక్తుల పట్ల అప్రమత్తంగా ఉండాలని ఆమె ప్రజలకు సూచించారు. సతీష్ తల్లి అరుణ్ ని తీక్షణంగా చూసి, తల్లి లేని సమయంలో జాగ్రత్తగా ఉండమని, అపరిచితులతో ఎప్పుడూ మాట్లాడకూడదని చెప్పింది. ‘నాకు అపరిచితులంటే ఇష్టం’ అని అరుణ్ అప్పట్లో చెప్పాడు. సతీష్ మరియు అరుణ్ ప్లాట్ఫారమ్ మీదకి వచ్చిన తర్వాత రైలు ఎక్కారు.

సతీష్ తల్లి మరియు మహిళ ప్లాట్ఫారమ్పై నుండి అబ్బాయిలతో మాట్లాడుతున్నారు. రైలు కదలడం మొదలుపెట్టగానే సతీష్ “బాగుందా అమ్మా” అన్నాడు. వారు తరంగాలను మార్చుకున్నారు. స్టేషన్ నుంచి రైలు బయలుదేరే ముందు అరుణ్ ఆ మహిళను ‘e ర్మా’ అని సంబోధించాడు. ఆమె జనంలో” జారిపోయే వరకు అతను ఆ స్త్రీని చూస్తూనే ఉన్నాడు.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 11 The Woman on Platform No 8

The Woman on Platform No 8 Summary in Hindi

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

कहानी “द वूमन ऑन प्लेटफॉम नं. 8” रस्किन बॉन्ड से लिखी गई है । कहानी अरुण नामक लगभग 12 वर्ष के स्कूली बच्चे की थी । उसे वापस अपने स्कूल जाना था, इसलिए वह अम्बाला स्टेशन के प्लेटफॉम नं. 8 पर बैठ गया । उसकी ट्रेन संभवतः आधी रात को आएगी । इसलिए वह प्लेटफॉम पर ऊपर – नीचे लगाकर चलता रहा, गली के कुत्तों को टूटेबिस्किट खिलाता रहा और पुस्तक – विक्रय केंद्र में घूमता रहा । उसने जल्दी ही अपने परिवेश में दिलचस्पी खो दी । वह ऊब गया था और अकेला था ।

उसके बगल से नरम आवाज सुनकर चैंक गया । यह एक सफेद साड़ी पहने एक महिला थी, जो पीली दिखाई देती थी और दयालु, काली आँखोवाली थी और उसने कोई आभूषण नहीं पहना था । एक संक्षिप्त परिचय के बाद, उसने अरुण को कुछ नाश्ते और तेय के लिए स्टेशन के भोजन कक्ष में आमंत्रित किया । अरुण उसके साथ जाने में बहुत शर्माता था । लेकिन महिला की कोमलता ने उसे महिला से जुड़ने के लिए मजबूर कर दिया और उसे खाते हुए देखकर महिला आनंदित होती दिखाई दी ।

खाने के दौरान उसने महिला को अपने स्कूल, दोस्तों, पसंद और नापसंद के बारे में बताया । महिली ने बहुत थोड़ा ही कहा और उसकी बातें ध्यान से सुनीं । अरुणा के स्कूल के दोस्त सतीश और उसकी माँ प्लेटफॉम पर दिखाई देते हैं। सतीश की माँ ने अरुण के बगल में खड़ी महिला को उसकी माँ के रूप में पहचाना । अरुण के कुछ कह पाने के पहले, वह महिला ने आपना परिचय उसकी माँ के रूप में दिया। सतीश की माँ का दाव है कि आसपास बहुत सोरे संदिग्ध लोग हैं ।

उसने लोगों को अजनबियों से सावधान रहने की सलाह दी । सतीश की माँ ने अरुण को कड़ी सावधान रहने और कभी भी अजनबियों से बात न करने के लिए कहा। ट्रेन में चढ़ने पर अरुण कहा, ‘अलविदा माँ’, ट्रेन चलने लगी। ट्रेन के स्टेशन से श्वाना होने से पहले उन्होंने महिला को ‘माँ’ कहकर संबोधित किया । वह उस महिला को तबतक घूरता रहा जब तक वह भीड़ में से फिसल नहीं गई ।

Meanings and Explanations

boarding school (n)/(బోర్డింగ్ స్కూల్) /’bɔ:dıŋ sku:l/ : a school where children live during the school, పాఠశాల సంవత్సరంలో పిల్లలు నివసించే పాఠశాల, वर्ष में बच्चे रहनेवाला एक स्कूल

burst (n)/(బ(ర్)స్ట్)/b3:st/ : ‘a short period of an intense activity – తీవ్రమైన చర్య యొక్క స్వల్ప కాలం, एक तीव्र गतिविधि की एक छोटी अवधि

trolleys (n-pl) /(ట్రాలీస్)/ ‘trɒl.i/ : carts – బండ్లు, गाड़ियाँ

vendors (n-pl) /(వెండార్స్) ven.dar/ : people who sell things So১ ड०ई ssspe चीजें बेचनेवाले, लोग

dignity (n) / (డిగ్ నిటీ) / ‘dɪg.nə.ti/ : calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you – ప్రజలు మిమ్మల్ని గౌరవించేలా చేసే ప్రశాంతమైన, తీవ్రమైన మరియు నియంత్రిత ప్రవర్తన शांत, गंभीर और नियंत्रित व्यवहार जो लोग तुम को सम्मान देते हैं

commanded (v-pt)/(కమెండెడ్) : kǝ’ma:nd : deserved and got – అర్హత మరియు వచ్చింది, योग्य और मिल गया

serenity (n) / (సరెనటి) / sə’ren.ə.ti : the quality of being peaceful and calm – శాంతియుతంగా మరియు ప్రశాంతంగా ఉండే గుణం शांति पूर्ण और शांति रहते योग्य

suspicion (n) / (సస్పిషన్) / səspɪʃ.ən : a feeling that somebody has done something wrong, illegal or dishonest, even though you have no proof, మీకు రుజువు లేనప్పటికీ, ఎవరైనా తప్పు, చట్టవిరుద్ధం లేదా నిజాయితీ లేని పని చేసినటు భావన, यह महसूस करना है कि कुछ गलत, अवैध दा बेईमान किया है, भले ही आपके पास कोई सबुतन हो

appetite (n)/(యాపిటైట్)/’æp.ə.taɪt : desire for food – (ఆహరం కోసం కోరిక), भोजन की इच्छा

gratefully (adv) / (గ్రెఇట్ ఫలి)/ greıt.fəl.i : thankfully – కృతజ్ఞతగా, कृतज्ञतापूर्वक : सधन्यवाद

imposing (adj) / ( ఇంప ఉంజింగ్) /im’pǝu.zin/ : making a strong impression; controlling – బలమైన ముద్ర వేయడం; నియంత్రించడం, एक मजबूत छाप बनाना, को नियंत्रित करने शर्मीला

embarrassed (adj) / (ఇంబ్యారస్ ట్)/im’bær.əst / : shy, uncomfortable or ashamed / పిరికి, అసౌకర్య లేదా సిగ్గు, असहज या लज्जित

sternly (adv)/(స్ట (ర్)న్ లి) / ‘stɜ:n. li : in a serious way – తీవ్రమైన మార్గంలో, गंभीर तरीके से

resentfully (adv) / (రిజెన్ ట్ ఫలి) / /rɪ’zent.fəl.i : in a way that shows that you feel bitter or angry, మీరు చేదుగా లేదా కోపంగా ఉన్నట్లు చూపించే విధంగా, एक तरह से जो दर्शाता है कि आप कड़वा महसूस करते हैं या नाराज

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 11 The Woman on Platform No 8

hustling (v-pr.p)/ (హస్ లింగ్)/’hʌs.əl/ : moving or causing to move energetically or busily, కదలడం లేదా శక్తివంతంగా లేదా బిజీగా కదలడం, हिलाया या ऊर्जावान रूप से आगे बढ़ाना या जल्दी से

hissing (హిస్సింగ్)/ hɪs : making a sound like a long ‘s’-, పొడవాటి ‘s’ లాగా శబ్దం చేయడం, एक बंबे ‘एस’ की तरह ध्वभि बनाना

jolted (జ ఉల్జిద్) / (sá0६)/ d3əʊlt : moved suddenly, abruptly – som, es som కదిలింది अचानक, अचानक चला गया

gazing at (phrase) / గెఇజింగ్ / geɪz æt : looking steadily at somebody or something – ఎవరైనా లేదా దేనినైనా స్థిరంగా చూడటం, किसी को या किसी चीज कोस्थिर रूप से देखना

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data Exercise Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

Q.No.9 (4 out of 6 Questions: 4 × 1 = 4 Marks)

Information is sometimes presented in a non-verbal way as the method has many advantages. It is very important for a student to develop the skill of understanding various types of non-verbal information. Asking questions based on a table, pie-chart etc., is one way to help the student improve this skill: One has to keenly study the text and the questions given after it before attempting to answer the questions.

PIE CHARTS

Study the following pie charts and answer the questions that follow.
1.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 1
Answer the following questions.
i) How many segments are given in the pie chart ?
ii) What percentage of students just passed as shown in the chart ?
iii) What percentage of students got merit ?
iv) What is the total pass percentage of students?
v) What percentage of students got distinction?
vi) What is the combined percentage of students who just passed and who got merit?
vii) When compared, the number of students who passed with distinction are more than those passed with merit. Write true or false.
viii) If the total number of undergraduates appeared for the final year examination is 100, then how many students failed as per the chart?
Answers:
i) four
ii) 38
iii) 31
iv) 88
v) 19
vi) 69
vii) false
viii) 12

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

2.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 2
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the pie chart show?
ii) How many hobbies are presented in the pie chart?
iii) Which is the most preferred hobby?
iv) People with the hobbies of ___________ and __________ are almost equal to those with reading hobby. (Fill in the blanks.)
v) 30 percent of the people like dancing. Write true or false.
vi) Which is the least preferred hobby?
vii) People who have the hobby of cooking are 18%. Write true or false.
viii) If people who like cooking also liked dancing, then what would be’ the percentage of people who like dancing?
Answers:
i) hobbies of people
ii) four
iii) reading
iv) cooking – dancing
v) false
vi) cooking
vii) true
viii) 41

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

3.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 3
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the pie chart show ?
ii) How many categories are presented in the pie chart
iii) What portion of the total cost is spent on cement ?
iv) What portion of the total cost is spent on bricks ?
v) If the owner himself had supervised the construction of the house, what percentage of amount would he have saved?
vi) The cost spent on timber is 10%. Write true or false.
vii) If the cost of steel were lower than timber and the engineer had decided to use steel instead of timber, would the cost of entire house go down or go up ?
viii) What percentage of the cost is spent on supervision?
Answers:
i) Cost components of construction of a house
ii) 6
iii) 20%
iv) 15%
v) 15
vi) true
vii) go down
viii) 15

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

Bar Graphs

Study the following bar graphs and answer the questions that follow.
1.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 4
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the bar graph present ?
ii) Which is the least populated city ?
iii) The population of Hyderabad is ____________. (Fill in the blank.)
iv) Which city has the highest population?
v) Name the cities with a population of two crores or above.
vi) How many cities are presented in the bar graph?
vii) The population of Mumbai is ____________. (Fill in the blank.)
viii) The population of Bangalore is 1 crore. Write true or false
Answers:
i) Population of cities in India
ii) Pune
iii) 2.0 crore
iv) Delhi
v) Delhi, Mumbai and Hyderabad
vi) 5 (five)
vii) 3.0 crore
viii) false

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

2.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 5
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the bar graph present?
ii) In which month did Gita save the highest amount?
iii) During which two months did Gita save very low amounts ?
iv) How much did Gita save in the month of May?
v) How much did she save in the month of April ?
vi) How much more did she save in April than in March ?
vii) How much money did Gita save in the month of March ?
viii) In the month of May, Gita saved Rs 300. Write true or false
Answers:
i) Gita’s savings (in 5 months)
ii) February
iii) January and March
iv) Rs. 2900
v) Rs. 3900
vi) Rs. 3000
vii) Rs. 900
viii) false

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

3.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 6
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the bar graph depict?
ii) How many modes of transport are mentioned in the bar graph?
iii) Which is the most preferred mode of transport in the US ?
iv) What percentage of people preferred bicycles in France?
v) In Italy which is the least preferred mode of transport?
vi) What percentage of people preferred motorcycle in the UK?
vii) Four modes of transport preferences are presented in the graph. Write true or false.
viii) What percentage of people preferred car in France?
Answers:
i) Transport preferences among young people
ii) three
iii) car
iv) 45%
v) motorcycle
vi) 10 percent
vii) false
viii) 40%

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

Tree Diagrams

Study the following bar graphs and answer the questions that follow.

1.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 7
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the tree diagram describe? –
ii) How many main branches of literature are given in the diagram?
iii) In which branch of literature can one find imaginative aspect?
iv) Name anyone class of drama.
v) Which branch of literature stands close to life?
vi) Mention the number of classes novels are divided into here
vii) Historical approach can be seen ‘in novels. Write true or false.
viii) Regional approach can be seen in _____________. (Fill in the blank.)
Answers:
i) branches of literature
ii) (4) four
iii) in poetry
iv) comedy or tragedy
v) short stories
vi) five (5)
vii) true
viii) novels

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

2.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 8
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the tree diagram describe?
ii) How many main types of diseases are shown in the diagram?
iii) Mention the reason for obesity.
iv) Name the medium of infection for typhoid.
v) Stress is caused by ____________ (Fill in the blank.)
vi) The medium of infection for influenza is ____________ (Fill in the blank.)
vii) Hypertension is caused by _____________ (Fill in the blank.)
viii) Three broad types of diseases are mentioned in the diagram. Write true or false.
Answers:
i) types of diseases
ii) two (2)
iii) faulty eating habits
iv) water
v) faulty living habits
vi) air
vii) faulty living habits
viii) false

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

3.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 9
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the tree diagram describe?
ii) How many types of vitamins are mentioned in the diagram?
iii) Mention anyone source of vitamin A.
iv) Which vitamin does meat provide us ?
v) From which food do we get vitamin C ?
vi) Sunlight helps us get _______________ (Fill in the blank.)
vii) Eggs are rich in vitamins ___________ and _____________ (Fill in the blanks.)
viii) Which vitamin do we get from milk?
Answers:
i) types of vitamins
ii) four (4)
iii) milk or eggs
iv) vitamin B
v) fruits and vegetables
vi) vitamin D
vii) A and B
viii) vitamin A

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

Tables

1. Information of Sports

Sports Number of players of a Team in Field at a Time Length of Field or Court Shape of Projectile Surface of Field or Court
Base Ball 9 27.4m sphere grass
Basket Ball 5 28.6m sphere wood
Cricket 11 137-l50m sphere grass
Curling 4 46m Flattened

sphere

ice
Ice Hockey 11 61m cylinder ice
Larcosse 10 101m sphere grass
Rugby 15 144m ovoid grass
US Football 11 110m Pointed ovoid grass

Answer the following questions.
i) What does the table show?
ii) How many sports are represented on this table?
iii) Of these sports, which has the highest number of players on the field?
iv) Which of these sports is played on a wooden surface?
v) How many of these sports have 11 players on the field at a time?
vi) Which of these sports is played with a cylindrical projectile?
vii) How many of these sports are played on ice ?
viii) Of these sports, which one has the fewest players on the field at a time?
Answers:
i) Information of sports
ii) eight (8)
iii) Rugby (football)
iv) Basket Ball
v) three (3)
vi) Ice Hockey
vii) two (2)
viii) Curling

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

2.

Continent Area Number of Countries Population
Africa ll,608,000sq.km 54 1,373,486,472
Antartica 5,100,000 sq.km 0 0
Asia 17,212,000 sq.km 48 4,679,660,580
Australia and Oceania 2,968,000 sq.km 14 43,219,954
Europe 8,370,000 sq.km 43 747,747,396
North America 9,365,000 sq.km 23 596,591,592
South America 6,880,000 sq.km 12 434,260,138

Answer the following questions.
i) What does the table’ show ?
ii) How many continents are mentioned in the table?.
iii) Which continent has the largest area ?
iv) Which continent has the smallest number of countries?
v) Which is the most populous continent?
vi) Africa has the highest number of countries. Write true or false.
vii) How many countries does North America have?
viii) Which continent has the smallest area?
Answers:
i) Continents, their area, number of countries and their population
ii) Seven (7)
iii) Asia
iv) South America (of course, Antartica has not countries)
v) Asia
vi) true
vii) 23
viii) Australia and Oceania

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

3.

S.No. Name of the winner Field Year
01. Rabindranath Tagore Literature 1913
02. C.V. Raman Physics 1930
03. Har Gobind Khorana Medicine 1968
04. Mother Teresa Peace 1979
05. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Physics 1983
06. Amartya Sen Economics 1998
07. Venkataraman Ramakrishnan Chemistry 2009
08. Kailash Satyarthi Peace 2014
09. Abhijit Banerjee Economics 2019

Answer the following questions.
i) What does the table show?
ii) How many Indians have received the Nobel Prize to date?
iii) Who is the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize?
iv) Mother Teresa received the Nobel Prize for ____________ (Fill in the blank.)
v) How many Indians have received the Nobel Prize for Economics till now?
vi) In which year did C V Raman receive the Nobel Prize?
vii) Who won the Nobel Prize in the year 2014?
viii) In the field of Medicine, who won the Nobel Prize for India?
Answers:
i) Indian Nobel Prize winners
ii) nine (9)
iii) Rabindranath Tagore
iv) Peace
v) two (2)
vi) 1930
vii) Kailash Satyarthi
viii) Har Gobind Khorana

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

Flow Charts

Study the following bar graphs and answer the questions that follow.

1.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 10
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the flow chart show?
ii) How many steps are given in the flow chart?
iii) What should the customer do after completing the application for account opening?
iv) Who verifies certificates and information of the customer?
v) Where does the customer need to sign ?
vi) What does the bank issue at last?
vii) What step comes before issuing the deposit certificate to the customer?
viii) What does the bank open for the customer?
Answers:
i) the process of opening a bank account
ii) five (5)
iii) Submit it along with identity certificate
iv) the bank (persons)
v) on the deposit slip
vi) balance receipt passbook
vii) Customer signs on the deposit slip
viii) an account

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

2.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 11
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the flow chart describe ?
ii) How many steps are given in the flow chart ?
iii) After starting, what should be done ?
iv) When can one start answering ?
v) When can one submit a test paper ?
vi) Where can one select the question type and test range ?
vii) When can one enter the student homepage ?
viii) If one enters the wrong user name, what should be done ?
Answers:
i) the process of taking an online examination
ii) ten (10)
iii) enter the user name and password
iv) after getting the test questions
v) after completing answering questions
vi) on the student homepage
vii) after entering user name and password correctly
viii) should reenter it

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

3.
How to get driving licence
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data 12

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Non-verbal Data

Answer the following questions.
i) What does the flow chart describe?
ii) How many steps are given in the flow chart?
iii) What test should one pass to go for a written test?
iv) What happens when one doesn’t pass the eyesight test?
v) What should one do after clearing the eyesight test?
vi) What happens when one fails the written exam?
vii) What happens when one clears the written exam?
viii) What can the applicant do after practising driving?
Answers:
i) the process of getting a Driving License
ii) eight (8) [if fails nine (9]
iii) eyesight test
iv) loses the chance to get a driving license
v) take theoretical lessons and written test
vi) retake the written test
vii) practises driving
viii) take the road test

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 10 Guilty

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 10th Lesson Guilty Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 10th Lesson Guilty

Annotations (Section A, Q.No. 1, Marks: 4)
Annotate the following in about 100 words each.

a) May be the world needs good watchmen as much as it does engineers. (Revision Test – V)

We see these words in the one act play’Guilty. It was written by Horace J. Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud. This short and sweet play offers readers a pleasant reading experience. It conveys valuable messages. Conversations serve as good examples of everyday English. Jim is the central character in the play. He studied engineering but works as a night watchman. This fact shows the scenario of employment. It also appreciates Jim’s spirit. Mrs Moore says the given words to Ma Ryan, Jim’s mother. She focuses on the value of ‘dignity of labour’. She makes it clear that every job is important. One should respect one’s work. Watchmen are as important as engineers.

ఈ పదాలను ఏకపాత్రాభినయం నాటకం’ గిల్టీలో చూస్తాము. దీనిని హోరేస్ జె. గార్డినర్ మరియు బోన్నెవియర్ ఆర్నాడ్ రాశారు. ఈ చిన్న మరియు మధురమైన నాటకం పాఠకులకు ఆహ్లాదకరమైన పఠన అనుభవాన్ని అందిస్తుంది. విలువైన సందేశాలను అందజేస్తుంది. సంభాషణలు రోజువారీ ఆంగ్లానికి మంచి

ఉదాహరణలుగా ఉపయోగపడతాయి. నాటకంలో జిమ్ ప్రధాన పాత్ర. ఇంజనీరింగ్ చదివాడు కానీ నైట్ వాచ్ మెన్గా పనిచేస్తున్నాడు. ఈ వాస్తవం ఉపాధి దృష్టాంతాన్ని చూపుతుంది. ఇది జిమ్ స్ఫూర్తిని కూడా అభినందిస్తుంది. మిసెస్ మూర్ జిమ్ తల్లి మ ర్యానికి ఇచ్చిన మాటలను చెప్పింది. ఆమె ‘డిగ్నిటీ ఆఫ్ లేబర్’ విలువపై దృష్టి పెడుతుంది. ప్రతి పని ముఖ్యమేనని ఆమె స్పష్టం చేశారు. ఒకరి పనిని గౌరవించాలి. ఇంజనీర్లకు ఎంత ముఖ్యమో వాచ్మెన్ కూడా అంతే ముఖ్యం.

b) The view of this world which India has taken is summed up in one compound Sanskrit word, Sacchidananda.

He is a fine, good boy and a hard worker.
We see these words in the one-act play “Guilty”. It was written by Horace J. Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud. This shor and sweet play offers readers a pleasant reading experience It conveys valuable messages. Conversations serve as good examples of everyday English. Ma Ryan, Jim’s mother, says these words to Mrs Moore, their neighbour. She describes Jim’s nature. Ma Ryan sees the positive qualities in her son. He is a decent boy. He works hard. He readily accepts a night watchman’s post, though he is an engineering graduate. The play has plenty of proof to show Jim’s good nature. It is, then, no surprise that Ma Ryan praises Jim.

మనం ఈ పదాలను ఏకపాత్ర నాటకం ‘గిల్టీ’లో చూస్తాము. దీనిని హోరేస్ జె. గార్డినర్ మరియు బోన్నెవియర్ ఆర్నాడ్ రాశారు. ఈ షార్ అండ్ స్వీట్ ప్లే పాఠకులకు ఆహ్లాదకరమైన పఠన అనుభవాన్ని అందిస్తుంది, ఇది విలువైన సందేశాలను తెలియజేస్తుంది. సంభాషణలు రోజువారీ ఆంగ్లానికి మంచి ఉదాహరణలుగా ఉపయోగపడతాయి. మా ర్యాన్, జిమ్ తల్లి, వారి పొరుగున ఉన్న శ్రీమతి మూర్తి

ఈ. మాటలు చెప్పింది. ఆమె జిమ్ స్వభావాన్ని వివరిస్తుంది. మ ర్యాన్ త న కొడుకులోని పాజిటివ్ క్వాలిటీస్ చూస్తాడు. అతను ఒక మంచి అబ్బాయి. అతడు బాగా శ్రమిస్తాడు. అతను ఇంజనీరింగ్ గ్రాడ్యుయేట్ అయినప్పటికీ, అతను నైట్ వాచ్మెన్ పోస్టు వెంటనే అంగీకరిస్తాడు. జిమ్ యొక్క మంచి స్వభావాన్ని చూపించడానికి ఈ నాటకం చాలా రుజువులను కలిగి ఉంది. మర్యాన్ జిమ్ను మెచ్చుకోవడంలో ఆశ్చర్యం లేదు.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 10 Guilty

c) Ma, you’re talking like someone in a fog, without any sense.

We see these words in the one-act play’Guilty’. It was written by Horace J. Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud. This short and sweet play offers readers a pleasant reading experience. It conveys valuable messages. Conversations serve as good examples of everyday English. Jim says these words to his mother, when she asks him to quickly escape from there. Mother’s advice sounds senseless to the honest and innocent Jim. So, he asks her why she is talking in such a meaningless way. But she sees the ‘robbed’ ornament in Jim’s pocket. She sees a policeman. She puts two and two together and makes four.

ఈ పదాలను ఏకపాత్ర నాటకం ‘అపరాధం’లో చూస్తాం. దీనిని హోరేస్ జె. గార్డినర్ మరియు బోన్నెవియర్ ఆర్నాడ్ రాశారు. ఈ చిన్న మరియు మధురమైన నాటకం పాఠకులకు ఆహ్లాదకరమైన పఠన అనుభవాన్ని అందిస్తుంది. విలువైన సందేశాలను అందజేస్తుంది. సంభాషణలు రోజువారీ ఆంగ్లానికి మంచి ఉదాహరణలుగా ఉపయోగపడతాయి. అక్కడ నుండి త్వరగా తప్పించుకోమని జిమ్ తన తల్లిని అడిగినప్పుడు ఈ మాటలు చెప్పాడు. నిజాయితీ మరియు అమాయక జిమ్కు తల్లి సలహా అర్ధంలేనిదిగా అనిపిస్తుంది.

అలాంటప్పుడు ఎందుకు ఇలా అర్థంపర్థం లేకుండా మాట్లాడుతున్నావని అడిగాడు. కానీ ఆమె జిమ్ జేబులో ‘దోచుకున్న’ ఆభరణాన్ని చూస్తుంది. ఆమె ఒక పోలీసును చూస్తుంది. ఆమె రెండు మరియు రెండు కలిపి నాలుగు చేస్తుంది.

d) You have put what you think is two and two together and made four out of it, haven’t you? (Revision Test – V)

We see these words in the one-act play ‘Guilty’. It was written by Horace J. Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud. This short and sweet play offers readers a pleasant reading experience. It conveys valuable messages. Conversations serve as good examples of everyday English. The stranger (Van King) says these words to Ma Ryan. Ma Ryan believes that Jim has stolen’ the jewel. But it is not true. Ma Ryan suspects so from what she discovers. First she finds the ornament in Jim’s pocket. Then she ‘learns Jim has not been working in the Van King warehouse. Finally, she sees Jim trying to give the gold piece to a ‘stranger’ for money.

ఈ పదాలను ఏకపాత్ర నాటకం ‘అపరాధం’లో చూస్తాం. ఇది y హోరేస్ జె. గార్డినర్ మరియు బోన్నెవియర్ అర్నాడ్ రచించారు. ఈ చిన్న మరియు మధురమైన నాటకం పాఠకులకు ఆహ్లాదకరమైన పఠన అనుభవాన్ని అందిస్తుంది. నేను విలువైన సందేశాలను అందిస్తాను. సంభాషణలు రోజువారీ ఆంగ్లానికి మంచి ఉదాహరణలుగా ఉపయోగపడతాయి. అపరిచితుడు (వాన్ కింగ్) మ ర్యాన్ తో ఈ మాట లు చెప్పాడు. జిమ్ ఆ ఆభరణాన్ని దొంగిలించాడని మ ర్యాన్ నమ్ముతాడు. అయితే అది నిజం కాదు.

మ ర్యాన్ ఆమె కనుగొన్న దాని నుండి అలా అనుమానించాడు. మొదట ఆమె జిమ్ జేబులో ఆభరణాన్ని కనుగొంటుంది. అప్పుడు ఆమె ‘వాన్ కింగ్ గిడ్డంగిలో జిమ్ పని చేయడం లేదని తెలుసుకుంది. చివరగా, డబ్బు కోసం జిమ్ బంగారు ముక్కను ‘అపరిచితుడు’కి ఇవ్వడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తున్నట్లు ఆమె చూస్తుంది.

Paragraph Questions & Answers (Section A, Q.No.3, Marks: 4)
Answer the following Questions in about 100 words

a) Describe the importance of Mrs Moore in Guilty.
Answer:
Guilty, by Horace J Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud, is. interesting one act play. It conveys some significant message The play let exhibits all the properties of a good one-act play It has a few characters. It observes all the unities. Mrs Moon is Jim’s neighbor. She plays a prime part in the play. She presents the message the play wants to convey. She highlight the value of dignity of labour’. She wants ’employees’ to be loyal to their employers. She reports the robbery at the Van King warehouse. That report begins the development of the conflict. Thus Mrs Moore plays a very important role in the play ‘Guilty’

గిల్టీ, హోరేస్గార్డినర్ మరియు బోన్నెవియర్ ఆర్నాడ్ ద్వారా. ఆసక్తికరమైన వన్ యాక్ట్ ప్లే. ఇది కొన్ని ముఖ్యమైన సందేశాన్ని అందజేస్తుంది, ప్లే లెట్ ఒక మంచి వన్-యాక్ట్ ప్లే యొక్క అన్ని లక్షణాలను ప్రదర్శిస్తుంది, ఇందులో కొన్ని పాత్రలు ఉన్నాయి. ఇది అన్ని ఐక్యతలను గమనిస్తుంది. శ్రీమతి మూన్ జిమ్ పొరుగువారు. ఆమె నాటకంలో ప్రధాన పాత్ర పోషిస్తుంది. ఆమె నాటకం తెలియజేయాలనుకుంటున్న సందేశాన్ని అందిస్తుంది.

ఆమె శ్రమ యొక్క గౌరవం యొక్క విలువను హైలైట్ చేస్తుంది. ‘ఉద్యోగులు’ తమ యజమానులకు విధేయంగా ఉండాలని ఆమె కోరుకుంటుంది. ఆమె వాన్ కింగ్ గిడ్డంగిలో జరిగిన దోపిడీని నివేదిస్తుంది. ఆ నివేదిక సంఘర్షణ అభివృద్ధిని ప్రారంభిస్తుంది. ఆ విధంగా మిసెస్ మూర్ ‘గిల్టీ’ నాటకంలో చాలా ముఖ్యమైన పాత్ర పోషిస్తుంది.

b) Ma Ryan puts what she thinks is two and two together and makes four out of it. Discuss the developments that lead (or, rather mislead) Ma Ryan into making this mistake.
Answer:
‘Guilty, by Horace J Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud, is an interesting one act play. It conveys some significant messages. The playlet exhibits all the properties of a good one-act play. It has a few characters. It observes all the unities. MaRyan learns’ from Mrs Moore about the robbery at the Van King! Ware house. She is ‘happy’ her Jim is not mixed up in it. Then she finds the stolen jewel in ‘Jim’s pocket. She’ doubts how it has come there. She rings up the warehouse. She ‘hears’ that none with the name of Jim works there. She ‘suspects’ something wrong. Finally she ‘sees’ Jim trying to ‘sell that ornament to a ‘stranger. She ‘confirms that Jim ‘stole the jewel.

‘గిల్టీ, హోరేస్ జె. గార్డినర్ మరియు బోనెవియర్ ఆర్నాడ్, ఒక ఆసక్తికరమైన నాటకం. ఇది కొన్ని ముఖ్యమైన సందేశాలను తెలియజేస్తుంది. ప్లేలెట్ మంచి వన్-యాక్ట్ ప్లే యొక్క అన్ని లక్షణాలను ప్రదర్శిస్తుంది. ఇందులో కొన్ని పాత్రలు ఉన్నాయి. ఇది అన్ని ఐక్యతలను గమనిస్తుంది. వాన్ కింగ్ వద్ద జరిగిన దోపిడీ గురించి మిసెస్ మూర్ నుండి మర్యాన్ తెలుసుకుంటాడు! వేర్ హౌస్. ఆమె ‘సంతోషంగా’ ఉంది, ఆమె జిమ్ దానిలో కలవలేదు.

అప్పుడు ఆమె ‘జిమ్ జేబులో దొంగిలించబడిన ఆభరణాన్ని కనుగొంటుంది. అది అక్కడికి ఎలా వచ్చిందని ఆమెకు అనుమానం. ఆమె గిడ్డంగిని మోగించింది. జిమ్ పేరుతో ఎవరూ అక్కడ పనిచేయడం లేదని ఆమె ‘విన్నది’. ఆమె ఏదో తప్పు ‘అనుమానిస్తుంది’. చివరగా ఆమె జిమ్ ఆ ఆభరణాన్ని ఒక అపరిచితుడికి విక్రయించడానికి ప్రయత్నించడం చూస్తుంది. జిమ్ ఆభరణాన్ని దొంగిలించాడని ఆమె ధృవీకరించింది.

c) Sketch the character of Jim in the light of Ma Ryan’s comments like: It is the same! But how did it get into Jim’s pocket? (Revision Test – V)
Answer:
“Guilty’, by Horace J Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud, is an interesting one-act play. It conveys some significant messages. The playlet exhibits all the properties of a good one-act play. It has a few characters. It observes all the unities. Jim is the lead character in the play. He is an engineering graduate. Yet, he works as a night watchman. He is a fine, good boy and a hard worker. He is honest to the core. He is NOT the thief as his mother suspects. Jim, in fact, finds the jewel on the road. And he plans to give it back to the rightful owner, Van King. In the excitement, he fails to inform these facts to his mother. So, she makes such comments.

హోరేస్ జె. గార్డినర్ మరియు బోన్నెవియర్ ఆర్నాడ్ రచించిన “గిల్టీ’, ఒక ఆసక్తికరమైన ఏక-పాత్ర నాటకం. ఇది కొన్ని ముఖ్యమైన సందేశాలను తెలియజేస్తుంది. ప్లేలెట్ మంచి ఏక-పాత్ర నాటకం యొక్క అన్ని లక్షణాలను ప్రదర్శిస్తుంది. ఇందులో కొన్ని పాత్రలు ఉన్నాయి. ఇది గమనిస్తుంది అన్ని ఐక్యతలు దొంగను అతని తల్లి అనుమానించినట్లు, వాస్తవానికి, జిమ్, నగలను రోడ్డుపై కనుగొంటాడు. మరియు అతను దానిని నిజమైన యజమాని అయిన వాన్ కింగ్కి తిరిగి ఇవ్వాలని ప్లాన్ చేస్తాడు. ఉత్సాహంలో, అతను ఈ వాస్తవాలను తన తల్లికి తెలియజేయడంలో విఫలమయ్యాడు. ఆమె అలాంటి వ్యాఖ్యలు చేస్తుంది.

d) “Ma, you are talking like someone in a fog, without any sense. Are these words from Jim an order or exception? Explain.
(Revision Test – V)
Answer:
“Guilty, by Horace J Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud, is an Interesting one-act play. It conveys some significant messages The playlet exhibits all the properties of a good one-act play. It has a few characters. It observes all the unities. Ma Ryan suspects that Jim has stolen the jewel. She asks him to escape. Jim is innocent. He, therefore, feels that his mother is confused and talking meaninglessly. Jim asks why his mother is speaking like that that day. So, it is clear that his words are an exception. They are not an order. They love each other, They have faith in their good nature. Circumstances make them say so.

“గిల్టీ, హోరేస్ జె. గార్డినర్ మరియు బోన్నెవియర్ ఆర్నాడ్ రచించిన, ఒక ఆసక్తికరమైన వన్-యాక్ట్ ప్లే. ఇది కొన్ని ముఖ్యమైన సందేశాలను తెలియజేస్తుంది. ప్లేలెట్ మంచి వన్-యాక్ట్ ప్లే యొక్క అన్ని లక్షణాలను ప్రదర్శిస్తుంది. ఇందులో కొన్ని పాత్రలు ఉన్నాయి. ఇది అన్నింటిని గమనిస్తుంది. unities.మ ర్యాన్ జిమ్ నగను దొంగిలించాడని అనుమానించాడు. ఆమె అతన్ని తప్పించుకోమని అడుగుతుంది.

జిమ్ అమాయకుడు.అందుకే తన తల్లి తికమకపడి అర్ధం లేకుండా మాట్లాడుతోందని భావించాడు.ఆ రోజు తన తల్లి ఎందుకు అలా మాట్లాడుతోందని జిమ్ అడిగాడు. కాబట్టి, అతని మాటలు మినహాయింపు అని స్పష్టంగా తెలుస్తుంది.అవి ఒక ఆర్డర్ కాదు. ఒకరినొకరు ప్రేమిస్తారు, వారి మంచి స్వభావంపై వారికి నమ్మకం ఉంటుంది.పరిస్థితులు అలా చెప్పేలా చేస్తాయి.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 10 Guilty

Guilty Summary in English

About Author

Horace J.Gardiner was born in 1914 and lived in Hamilton Country, Ohio State, the U.S.A. Not much is known to the world about him. People consider Horace J.Gardiner and Bonneviere Arnaud a ‘single author’, for the apparent reason of the non-availability of any literary work by them individually!

A delightful little drama of guilt’. The authors are Horace J Gardiner and Bonavier Arnaud, who are little known to the world. This single is hilarious. Roles are limited. Conversations are simple. But the message is very serious. And with a different element. The problem of unemployment, the beauty of work, the need for moral values, self- deception, the anxiety caused by superficial illusions… gives a good message. Jim is an engineering graduate. Unable to find a job, Van King works as a night watchman in warehouses.

Good inspiration. Their neighbor, Mrs. Moore, tells Jim’s mother, Ma Rya, about the robbery at Van King’s warehouse. It will be known when the gym duty is off. Ma Ryan The mother’s mind goes wild. Before that, it was learned that their neighbor’s son had been convicted of cheating in the financial institutions and sentenced to ten years in prison. Ryan has 100% confidence in Jim’s honesty.

She thought it would be better if Jim could stop this theft earlier. Poneyle, Jim has nothing to do with it was happy. But as Jim cleans his room and is about to fold his sweater, a crumpled handkerchief falls out of its pocket, and a diamond jewel stolen from Van King’s warehouse falls out of it. Mrs. Moore was careful not to make eye contact. She compared the jewelry with the doll in the paper. Literally the same. Jim doesn’t steal. And how did this precious diamond chain come into his pocket. Suspicion began. Let’s talk to Jim from the other side of the Van King warehouse. Suspicion was felt. Mrs. Moore hurried away. Meanwhile, Jim A person comes in.

My Ryan is next to the door and they don’t see it. Jim looks anxiously for the diamond jewelry he brought and counts the money. Run away as fast as you can from that jewel with our Ryan Jim, before the police catch you She says with fear. Jim He wonders what is running away. The newcomer had something to say. Slowly the rest comes from the mother. She doubted

He proves to be free. The original thieves dropped the diamond in front of the coffee shop. Jim saw it and tried to give it to them. They left quickly. Later Van King Officials announced a cash prize. Then Jim knew. The newcomer is Van King. Jim’s mother, who did not know anything, suspected Ma Ryan Jim. When she came to know everything, she was overcome with shame and ‘guilt’. All in all a happy ending.

Guilty Summary in Telugu

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

అపరాధం యొక్క సంతోషకరమైన చిన్న నాటకం’. రచయితలు హోరేస్ జె గార్డినర్ మరియు బోనవియర్ ఆర్నాడ్, వీరు ప్రపంచానికి పెద్దగా పరిచయం లేదు. ఈ సింగిల్ ఉల్లాసంగా ఉంది. పాత్రలు పరిమితం. సంభాషణలు సరళంగా ఉంటాయి. కానీ సందేశం చాలా తీవ్రమైనది. మరియు వేరే మూలకంతో. నిరుద్యోగ సమస్య, పనికి అందడం, నైతిక విలువల ఆవశ్యకత, ఆత్మవంచన, మిడిమిడి భ్రమలు కలిగించే ఆందోళన… మంచి సందేశాన్ని ఇస్తాయి. జిమ్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ గ్రాడ్యుయేట్. ఉద్యోగం దొరక్కపోవడంతో వాన్ కింగ్ గోదాముల్లో నైట్ వాచ్ మెన్ గా పనిచేస్తున్నాడు. మంచి స్ఫూర్తి. వారి పొరుగు, శ్రీమతి మూర్, వాన్ కింగ్స్ గిడ్డంగిలో జరిగిన దోపిడీ గురించి జిమ్ తల్లి మ ర్యాకి చెప్పింది. జిమ్ డ్యూటీ ఎప్పుడొస్తుందో తెలుస్తుంది.

మ ర్యన్ త ల్లి మ ధుర త్నం. అంతకు ముందు వారి పొరుగింటి కొడుకు ఆర్థిక సంస్థల్లో మోసానికి పాల్పడి పదేళ్ల జైలు శిక్ష అనుభవించిన సంగతి తెలిసిందే. జిమ్ నిజాయితీపై ర్యాన్కు 100% నమ్మకం ఉంది. జిమ్ ఈ దొంగతనాన్ని ముందే ఆపితే బాగుంటుందని ఆమె భావించింది. పోనీలే, జిమ్కి సంబంధం లేదు, సంతోషంగా ఉంది.

కానీ జిమ్ తన గదిని శుభ్రం చేసి, తన స్వెటర్ను మడవబోతుండగా, దాని జేబులోంచి నలిగిన రుమాలు పడిపోతుంది మరియు వాన్ కింగ్ యొక్క గిడ్డంగి నుండి దొంగిలించబడిన వజ్రాల ఆభరణం దాని నుండి పడింది. మిసెస్ మూర్ కంటికి కనిపించకుండా జాగ్రత్తపడింది. ఆ నగలను పేపర్ లోని బొమ్మతో పోల్చింది. అక్ష రాలా అదే. జిమ్ దొంగిలించడు. మరి ఈ విలువైన డైమండ్ చైన్ అతని జేబులోకి ఎలా వచ్చింది. అనే అనుమానం మొదలైంది. వాన్ కింగ్ గిడ్డంగికి అవతలి వైపు నుండి జిమ్హ తో మాట్లాడుదాం. అనే అనుమానం కలిగింది.

శ్రీమతి మూర్ హడావిడిగా వెళ్ళిపోయింది. ఇంతలో, జిమ్ క వ్యక్తి లోపలికి వచ్చాడు. నా ర్యాన్ తలుపు పక్కన ఉంది మరియు వారు దానిని చూడలేదు. జిమ్ తను తెచ్చిన వజ్రాభరణాల కోసం ఆత్రుతగా చూస్తూ డబ్బు లెక్కిస్తున్నాడు. మా ర్యాన్ జిమ్హ ఆ ఆభరణం నుండి వీలైనంత వేగంగా పారిపో, పోలీసులు నిన్ను పట్టుకునేలోపు ఆమె భయంతో చెప్పింది. జిమ్ అతను పారిపోతున్నాడని ఆశ్చర్యపోతున్నాడు. కొత్తగా వచ్చిన వ్యక్తికి ఏదో చెప్పాలనిపించింది. నెమ్మదిగా మిగిలినది తల్లి నుండి వస్తుంది. ఆమె సందేహించింది అతను స్వేచ్ఛగా ఉన్నట్లు నిరూపిస్తాడు. అసలు దొంగలు వజ్రాన్ని కాఫీ షాప్ ముందు పడేశారు.

జిమ్ అది చూసి వారికి ఇవ్వడానికి ప్రయత్నించాడు. వారు త్వరగా వెళ్లిపోయారు. అనంతరం వాన్ కింగ్ అధికారులు నగదు బహుమతిని ప్రకటించారు. అప్పుడు జిమ్కి తెలిసింది. కొత్తగా వచ్చిన వాన్ కింగ్. ఏమీ తెలియని జిమ్ తల్లి మ ర్యాన్ జిమ్ ను అనుమానించింది. అన్నీ తెలిశాక సిగ్గుతో, ‘అపరాధభావన’తో పొంగిపోయింది. మొత్తానికి సుఖాంతం.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 10 Guilty

Guilty Summary in Hindi

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

अपराधबोध का एक रमणीय ‘छोटा नाटक’ । लेखक होरेस जे गार्डिनर और बोनी बियर अरनॉड हैं, जो दुनिया को कुछ कम जाने जाते हैं । यह सिंगल प्रफुल्लित करनेवाला है । पात्र सीमित हैं । कथोपकथन सरल हैं। लेकिन संदेश बहुत गंभीर है। और एक अलग तत्व के साथ बेरोजगारी की समस्या, काम की सुंदरता, नैतिक मूल्यों की आवश्यकता, आत्मवंचना, सतही भ्रम से उत्पन्न चिंता ऐक अच्छा संदेश देती हैं। जिम इंजीनियरिंग ग्रेजुएट हैं। नौकरी पाने में असमर्थ, वैन किंग गोदामों में रात के फहरेदार के रूप में काम करता है। अच्छी प्रेरण । उनक पडोसिन, श्रीमती मूर, बैन किंग के गोदाम में हुई डकोती के बारे में जिम की माँ, मा रिया को बताती हैं। जिम की ड्यूटी बंद होने पर इसका पता चलेगा। माँ रयान का दिमाग खराब हो जाता है।

इससे पहले यह पता चला था कि उनके पड़ोसी के बेटे को वित्तीय संस्थाओं में धोखाधड़ी का दोषी ठहराया गया था और दस साल जेल की सजा सुनाई गई थी। जिस की ईमानतारी पर रयानको 100% भरोसा है। उसने सोचा कि बेहतर होगा कि जिम इस चोरी को पहले ही रोक ते ।

पोनीले, जिम का इससे लेना देना नहीं है, वह खुश था। लेकिन जैसे ही जिम अपने कमरे को साफ करता है और अपने स्वेटर को मोड़ने ही वाला होता है उसकी जेब से एक सिलवटदाररूमाल गिर जाता है, और वेन किंग के गोदाम से सुराया गया एक हीरे का गहना उसमें से गिर जाता है । श्रीमती मूर आँख से संपर्क न करने का सावधान थई । उसने गरनों की तुलना कागज में रखी गुड़िया से की। अक्षरशः वही । जिम चोरी नहीं करता । और यह कीमती हीरे की चेन उसकी जेब में कैसे आगई। शक होने लगा । श्रीमती मूल जल्दी से चली गई। इस बीच जिम और एक व्यक्ति अंदर आते हैं। मेरा श्यान दरवाजे के बगल में है और इसे नहीं देखते हैं। जिम अपने द्वारा लाए गए हीरे के गदनों को उत्सूकता से देखता है । और पैसे गिनता है ।

हमारे रयान जिल रे लाख उस गहने से जितनी जल्दी हो सके भागजाओ, इससे परले कि पुलिस तुम्हें पकड़ ले, वह डर के मारे कहती है। जिस चकित होता है किवया भाग रहा है। नरागंतुक का कुछ कहना था । धीरे धीरे बाकी माँ से आता है । उसने शक किया ।

वह मुक्त सिद्ध होता है। असली चोरों ने हीरा कॉफी शॉफ के सामने गिरा दिया. । जिम ने इसे देखा और उन्हें देने की कोशिश की । वे जल्दी चले गए बाद में वैन किंग के अधिकारियों ने नकद पुरस्कार की घोषणा की । तब जिम को पता चला । नवागंतुक वैन किंग है । जिस की माँ, जो कुछ भी नहीं जानती थी, उसा मा रयान जिम पर शक हुआ। जब उसे सब कुछ पता चला, तो वह शर्म और ‘अपराध’ से धिर गई। कुल मिलाकर सुखद अंत !

Meanings and Explanations

tossed (pp-adj) /(గిల్టి)/ tɒs : thrown carelessly, నిర్లక్ష్యంగా విసిరివేయబడింది उत्पाला, लापरवाही से फेंका गया

bustling (v+ing) /(టొస్ ట్)/ ‘bʌs.lɪŋ : moving around in a busy way బిజీ మార్గంలో తిరుగుతూ, हलचल – व्यस्त तरीके से धूमते हुए

land sakes (interjection)/(ల్యాండ్ సెఇక్స్)/lænd seɪks : another form “for God’s sake”; an exclamation used to express some
strong feelings
మరొక రూపం “దేవుని కొరకు”; కొన్ని బలమైన భావాలను వ్యక్తీకరించడానికి ఉపయోగించే ఆశ్చర్యార్థకం, की खातिर – एक और रूप “भगवान के लिये ” एक विस्मयादि बोधक का प्रयोग किया जाता है, कुछ गंभीर भावनाओं को व्यक्त करने के लिए

apparent (adj)/(అప్యా రన్ ట్)/a’pær.ənt : seeming, అనిపించడం, प्रकट लग रहा है

straightening up (phr v) / (స్ట్రైఇట్ నింగ్ ఆఫ్)/ ‘streɪ.tən ɪŋ ʌp : making something neat and tidy, ఏదైనా చక్కగా మరియు చక్కగా చేయడం, कुछ साफ सुथग बनाना

abed (adv)/(అబెడ్)/ ə’be d : in bed, మంచంలో, विस्तर में

indignantly (adv)/(ఇండిగ్నన్ ట్ లీ)/ ɪn’dɪg.nǝnt.li: angrily, కోపంగా, गुस्से से

doctoring (vting) / (డొక్టరింగ్)/ ‘dɒktǝrɪŋ : altering facts with a view to deceiving altering facts with a view others; making false entries, ఇతరుల దృష్టితో వాస్తవాలను మార్చే విధంగా మోసం చేసే దృష్టితో వాస్తవాలను మార్చడం; తప్పుడు ఎంట్రీలు చేస్తున్నారు, डॉक्टरिन तथयों के बदलने के लिए दूसरों को देखने के साथ तथ्यों को बदलने के लिए धोखा देना : झूठी प्रविष्ठियाँ करना

mixed up (phr. – pt) / (మిక్ స్ ట్ ఆప్) / mɪkst ‘ʌp : was a part of : involved, ఇందులో భాగంగా ఉంది: ప్రమేయం, मिश्रित : सम्मिलित एक हिस्सा

heirloom (n)/(ఎఆ (ర్)లూమ్) / ‘eǝ.lu:m : a valued possession that has been passed down through the generations, తరతరాలుగా సంక్రమించిన విలువైన ఆస్తి, एक मुल्यवान संपत्ति जो पीढियों से चली आ रही है ।

a fabulous fortune (phrase) (ఆ ఫ్యాబ్యలస్ ఫో(ర్)చూ య్యూన్) : a very large amount, చాలా పెద్ద మొత్తం, ए शानदार भाग्य (वाक्यंश) एक बहुत बड़ा रकम

absorbed (adj)/ (అబ్ జో (ర్)బ్ డ్) /ab’zɔ:bd : fully occupied with one’s thoughts, ఒకరి ఆలోచనలతో పూర్తిగా నిమగ్నమై तल्लीन; पूरी तरह व्यस्त विचार

snappishly (adv)/(స్న్యాపిష్ లీ/ snæp.ɪʃ.li : impatiently, in an irritated way, అసహనంగా, अधईरता से; एक चिड़चिडे तरके से

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 10 Guilty

jittery (adj)/(జెటరి) / ‘dʒIt.əz / : nervous; agitated, రెచ్చిపోయాడు, उत्तेजित उछाल

pounces (V-pr.t)/(పౌన్ని జ్)/ paʊnss : seizes eagerly, ఆత్రంగా పట్టుకుంటుంది, उत्सुकता से जोर पकड़ना

thrusts (v-pr.t)/(త్రస్ ట్స్)/ θrʌst/ : pushes with force, प्रसन्न और आरामदायक

rummaging (v+ing) /రమిజింగ్ /’rʌm.ɪd3 : searching something thoroughly ఏదైనా పూర్తిగా శోధించడం कुछ को अच्छी तरह खोजना

sternly (adv)/(స్టె(ర్)న్ లి)/ ‘stз:n.li : grimly, seriously, disapprovingly కఠోరంగా, తీవ్రంగా, అంగీకరించని విధంగా गंभीर रूप से, गंभीरता से,

instinctively (adv) / ఇన్ స్ టిన్ క్ టివ్ లి /ɪn’stɪŋk.tɪv.li/ : innately; by instinct; without being taught or trained, ప్రవృత్తి ద్వారా; బోధించబడకుండా లేదా పొందకుండా, सहज रूप से, कृत्ति से

startled (pp-adj)/ (స్టా(ర్) ట్ ల్ డ్) /’sta:.tǝld/ : surprised and slightly frightened ఆశ్చర్యంగా మరియు కొంచెం భయపడ్డాను हैरान और थोड़ा डरा हुआ

crookedly (adv) / (కృకిడ్ లి) /’krʊk.ɪd.li/ : dishonestly, వంకరగా कुटिलः बेईमानी से

fog (n) fog/ (ఫాగ్)/ fɒg : haze; mist, పొగమంచు, कोहराः धुंध

quietly (adv) / (క్యెఅట్లె)/ ‘kwaɪət.li : calmly, ప్రశాంతంగా, चुपचापः शांति से

put two and two together (phrase) : infer, ఊహించు, అనుకొను, ध्वनि सच

ring true (phrase) / : sound true, నిజమని అనిపించు

timidly (adv)/(టిమిడ్ లి)/ ‘tım.ıd.li/ : in a fearful way,భయంకరమైన రీతిలో, एक डरावने तरीके से

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Reading Understanding Advertisements Exercise Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements

Q.No.8 (4 out of 6 Questions: 4 × 1 = 4 Marks)

Advertisements form a considerable component of modern mass-media. Understanding them properly is, therefore, of a great use, particularly for students. An effective approach to understand advertisements is to try to answer questions based on them. Studying carefully the given advertisement as well as the questions is the basic requirement. Keen observation of every part of the advertisement is very much necessary. Practice helps one acquire the needed expertise to answer all the questions correctly.

EXERCISES

1. Study the following advertisement and answer the questions that follow.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements 1
Answer the following questions.
i) What does the advertisement depict?
ii) Who has issued this advertisement?
iii) When is the International Women’s Day celebrated?
iv) Gender Equality is for a _____________ Fill in the blank.
v) Name any two fields in which the girl in the-advertisement.
vi) What does the girl mean by the announcement on the placard she is holding?
vii) Who does T refer to in the advertisement?
viii) Pick the synonym of the word Par from the advertisement.
Answers:
i) Gender Equality – its importance
ii) UN WOMEN organisation
iii) on March 08 every year
iv) better society
v) an education, employment, economic strength, empowerment
vi) She means that she IS INDEPENDENT – HER OWN SELF.
vii) any woman (representmg all women)
viii) equality

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements

2. Study the following advertisement and answer the questions that follow.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements 2
Answer the following questions.
i) How many books does the college library have?
ii) What are the two advantages of books mentioned off the advertisement?
iii) Name the habit stated in the advertisement.
iv) How do people normally judge a book?
v) When is the International Book Day celebrated?
vi) Expand N-LIST.
vii) What does the advertisement describe?
viii) What is the motto of N-LIST ?
Answers:
i) ten thousand books
ii) Books inform, delight, enrich.
iii) reading
iv) by its cover
v) on April 23 every year (remembering Shakespeare – April 23 is his birth and death anniversary)
vi) National library and Information Services
vii) It describes the importance of Books and the need to read them.
viii) Take a book a day Don’t delay (Make reading a regular habit.)

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements

3. Study the following advertisement and answer the questions that follow.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements 3
Answer the following questions.
i) What is the causative agent of COVID-19?
ii) Who has issued this advertisement?
iii) List any two symptoms that should not be ignored.
iv) Write any two COVID-19 preventive measures.
v) Identify the safety tracker app in the advertisement.
vi) Write the word used in the advertisement to mean “the feeling of vomiting”.
vii) What is the COVID-19 guideline for social distancing?
viii) COVID-19 is caused by virus. Write true or false.
Answers:
i) SARS-CoV-2 virus
ii) ICMR
iii) fever, cough, loss of smell or taste sore throat
iv) wear mask, maintain physical distance (from others), wash hands regularly.
v) ArogyaSetu
vi) nausea
vii) maintaining 6 feet distance from others
viii) true

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements

4. Study the following advertisement and answer the questions that follow.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements 4
Answer the following questions.
i) What is Telangana’s first world heritage site?
ii) How many world heritage sites exist in India?
iii) Name the tribal festival held at Mulugu.
iv) What IS the tourist site in Jayashankar Bhupalpally ?
v) What is Pillalamarri renowned for?
vi) State the town in which the thousand-pillar temple is situated.
vii) Golconda fort is situated in Hyderabad. Write true or false.
viii)What does this advertisement describe?
Answers:
i) Ramappa temple
ii) forty (40)
iii) Sammakka Sarakka
iv) Mutyala Dhara waterfalls
v) for 700-year-old banyan tree
vi) Warangal
vii) true
viii) Telangana’s Glory

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements

5. Study the following advertisement and answer the questions that follow.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements 5
Answer the following questions.
i) What is Aadhar ?
ii) Who can get Aadhar ?
iii) Identify two benefits of Aadhaar.
iv) How much money is required for Aadhaar enrollment?
v) Who has issued this advertisement?
vi) What does the girl in the ad say to the reader?
vii) How many digits do we find in Aadhaar number?
viii) Aadhaar enrollment can be done anywhere in India. Write true or false.
Answers:
i) AADHAAR is a 12-digit Unique Identification Number (issued by the government of India).
ii) all citizens of India
iii) valid all over India as a proof of identity and address – can get services like opening bank accounts
iv) no money – It is free.
v) Unique Identification Authority of India
vi) She says she has her Aadhaar Number and she can tell us about it.
vii) 12 digits
viii) true

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements

6. Study the following advertisement and answer the questions that follow.
TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Understanding Advertisements 6
Answer the following questions.
i) Who has issued this advertisement?
ii) What does the advertisement describe?
iii) What should you use for safe driving?
iv) Name the two things to avoid while driving.
v) What is the symbol given for pedestrians?
vi) Expand RTA
vii) What is the motto of RTA?
viii) While driving, one needs to maintain the speed limit. Write true or false.
Answers:
i) Road Transport Authority of Telangana
ii) It describes ‘Road Safety – Saving Lives’.
iii) seat belts and helmets
iv) Drinking and Racing (over speeding) should be avoided.
v) Zebra lines
vi) Road Transport Authority
vii) Safety First
viii) true

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages Exercise Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

Q.No.7 (4 out of 6 Questions: 4 × 1 = 4 Marks)

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:

1. Statues Dance Here!

The title sounds strange but the people who visit ‘the Ramappa Temple and see the statues there can feel the Monumental Dance and affirm that it is not an exaggeration. The temple is located at Palampet, a village 70 km from Warangal in Telangana. The ‘ presiding deity is Lord RamaUngesbwara Swamy but it is named after the sculptor, Ramappa who gave the structural form to the dance patterns recorded in the book Nritya Rathnavali, written by Jayapa Senani, a military commander.

Built by Kakathi Ganapathi Deva in 1213 AD, it features construction techniques unique to the Kakatiya dynasty i.e., Sand Box technique, Granite Beams and Pillars, Vimana Gopuram etc. On 25th July 2021, ‘ the temple, the first from the Telugu states, was recognised by the UNESCO.as a World Heritage Site. With this recognition its majesty and grandeur have become known worldwide, a moment of pride for all Telugu people

Answer the following questions.
i) Where is the Ramappa Temple located?
ii) Under whose reign was the temple built?
iii) What is the book Nritya Rathnavali about? Who wrote this?
iv) What was Jayapa Senani ?
v) What are the unique features involved in the construction of Ramappa temple?
vi) How was the temple recognised by the UNESCO?
vii) It is one of the World Heritage Sites from the Telugu states. Write true or false.
viii) Find the word. From the passage that means god.
Answers:
i) at Palampet
ii) Kakathi Ganapathi Deva
iii) about dance forms; Jayapa Senani
iv) a military commander
v) Sand Box technique, Granite Beams and Pillars, Vimana Gopuram, etc.
vi) as a World Heritage Site
vii) false
viii) ‘deity’

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

2. Raja Bahadur Venkata Rama Reddy

Members from royal families serving the society is a welcome gesture. But it becomes better when persons with humble beginnings play historic roles. To the latter category belongs. Raja Bahadur Venkata Rama Reddy. Born in 1869 to Baramma and Keshav Reddy in Rayanipet, in Wanaparthy Samsthan, he had a miserable childhood. . He lost his mother, father and his guardian maternal uncle when he was still a boy. He could manage only elementary education.

Yet, he improved his competencies in different languages, law and administration. He started his career as an Amin (Police Sub Inspector). With sheer.perseverance and Intelligent work. He acquired the highly influential post of Kothwal (Commissioner) of Hyderabad city and served people. Pleased with his administrative capabilities, the Nizam conferred on him the title of Raja Bahadur in 1930. Even King George V (pronounced as King George the Fifth) was impressed by his skills and conferred him the title Order of the British Empire (O.B.E.) in 1931. Though busy with nis of dal engagements, he pledged his power to accelerate social awakening.

Prominent among his contributions in social service are: the establishment of the Reddy Hostel, First Telugu Medium School for Girls [Today, this school has been upgraded as a college and it is one of the oldest colleges for women and has recently been accorded the autonomous status.] and Reddy Girls’ Hostel. He tried his best to promote Hindu- Muslim Unity. For the services he rendered as a civil servant, his fame in Telugu States would last forever.

Answer the following questions.
i) Which category of persons does Venkata Rama Reddy belong to? (Don’t say the latter category.)
ii) Who looked after Venkata Rama Reddy after his parents died?
iii) Why did Venkata Rama Reddy have just elementary education?
iv) Name the disciplines Venkata Rama Reddy improved his competence in.
v) How did Venkata Rama Reddy use his highly influential post of Kothwal?
vi) What are the titles that were conferred on Venkata Rama Reddy?
vii) Analyse the word miserable into its root and suffix as child (root) + hood (suffix) = childhood.
viii) Mother’s brother is maternal uncle. Then, what do you call your father’s brother? (Don’t say just uncle.)
Answers:
i) to the category of persons with humble beginnings playing historic roles in social service
ii) his maternal uncle
iii) as his parents and guardian died while he was still a boy
iv) different languages, law and administration
v) to serve people
vi) Raja Bahadur, Order of the British Empire (OBE)
vii) misery (root) + able (suffix)
viii) paternal uncle

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

3. Gumuduru Inscription

Inscriptions are writings on hard surfaces like stones or metals. In olden days, kings used to record important information in the form of inscriptions. One such inscription of Tribhuvana-malla Vikramaditya VI (1076-1127 AD) of Western Chalukya Kings at -Guduru of Palakurthy Mandal, Jangaon District bears a date in the cyclic year Krodhin, equated with the 49th year 1124 AD. The script on the inscription has the poetic stanzas in Kannada on three sides and in Telugu on the fourth side.

It gives a genealogical account of the Chiefs of the Viriyala Family. It also records the endowment of the village Bammera, the birth place of Pothana, by Viriyala Malla. Pothana [1450-1510], a great scholar of Telugu and Sanskrit, rendered Sri Andhra Maha Bhagavatham into Telugu. Palakurthy, the Mandal head- quarter, is also famous as the birth place of Palkuriki Somanatha, one of the most popular Telugu poets of the 13th century.

Answer the following questions.
i) What are inscriptions?
ii) Where is the inscription mentioned in the passage located?
iii) How many languages do we find on this inscription?
iv) To-which dynasty did the King Tribhuvanamalla belong?
v) Write, from the passage, a philanthropic activity of Viriyala Malla?
vi) Who are the important literary figures associated with the region?
vii) Find the word from the passage which means a person with a deep knowledge of an academic subject.
viii) Write the part of speech of the word chiefs.
Answers:
i) writings on hard surfaces like stones or metals
ii) at Guduru of Palakurthy Mandai, Jangaon District
iii) two languages. (Kannada ; Telugu)
iv) Western Chalukya Kings
v) endowment of the village Bammera
vi) Bammera Pothana and Palkuriki Somanatha
vii) ‘scholar’
viii) noun (plural)

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

4. One Temple – Many Styles – True Spirit of Telangana

Temples are usually houses of worship. Yet, they have been serving multiple purposes since civilizations began to evolve. But, the recently-reconstructed Shri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple atop Yadagirigutta stands out with a unique feature. It blends in a distinct design several temple architectural styles of the times of the Pallavas Cholas, Nayakas, Vijayanagara Kings, Kakatiyas and the Nagara pattern of north India. This miraculously carver artistic wonder has used 2.5 lakh tons of black granite (Krishna: black+sila (stone). And no stone was left unturned to bring in both beauty and utility of the highest degree. The Nagara-styled, barrel-vaulted roof for devotee queue was made of aluminium casting alloy.

Lion pillars, hundreds carved elephants, high walls, specialised gopurams, imposing linear vimanam, huge prakarams, mythical yalis (part horse part lion and part elephant) are among the majestic features of this temple. The impact of the Brihadiswara Temple of Tanjavur, the Lord Balaji’s Temple at Thirumala and the Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple at Ahobilam on this modern marvel is conspicuous. The structure of the temple became a reality because of the present Chief Minister Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao. This magnificent monument is bound to lend a rich spiritual experience to the faithful and (feast to the connoisseur! (/kmp’s3r/))

Answer the following questions.
i) What makes Shri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple atop Yadagirigutta stand out among many temples?
ii) Name the architectural styles that have been followed if designing this temple.
iii) Where is the Nagara pattern of north India used in the temple:
iv) Mention some majestic features of this modern marvel.
v) Write the idiom that is used in this passage which means tried every possible course of action to achieve the desired result.
vi) What is the one-word substitute you find in the passage that means a specialist in . matters involving judgement, appreciation etc. of fine arts etc. .
vii) Rewrite the following sentence using punctuation marks. but the recently reconstructed shri lakshminarasimha swamy temple atop yadagirigutta stands out with a unique feature
viii) Write the synonym of multiple from the passage.
Answers:
i) Its blending of several temple architectural styles into one design makes this temple unique.
ii) the styles of the times of the Pallavas, .Cholas, Nayakas, Vij ayanagara Kings, Kakatiyas and the Nagara pattern of north India
iii) in the roof for devotee queue
iv) lion pillars, carved -elephants, high’ walls, specialised gopurams, imposing linear- vimanam, huge prakarams, mythical yalis etc.
v) no stone was left unturned
vi) connoisseur
vii) But, the recently-reconstructed Shri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple atop Yadagirigutta stands out with a unique feature.
viii) several

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

5. Technology and Tradition Adorn Towers Here

Technology that is used in ISRO and NASA defence applications shines here atop the towers (gopurams) of Shri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple. The recently- reconstructed temple at Yadagirigutta has many unique features to its credit. One among them is the use of Nano Tech Gold Deposition (NTGD) technology. It went Into the electroplating of gold onto the fifty-two intricately-designed Kalasams that adorn the gopurams. It replaced the conventional gold coating.

It all began when the steely- nerved and iron-willed Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao wanted the gold’s lustre to last for fifty years. Gold-coated objects shine just for fifteen years. Things moved fast to materialise the big dream. The Chennai-based Smart Creations was assigned with the job. They studied various technologies adopted in temples, masjids and, other religious places around the globe. Finally, they chose this NTGD Technology. This method consumes less gold. The gold is hundred percent recoverable. And the’. glitter withstands the vagaries of weather and shines for decades! Sculptural innovations add value to the spiritual experience of the pilgrims who visit this hill temple!

Answer the following questions.
i) Name the technology used to electroplate gold onto the ‘Kalasams’ of the hill temple.
ii) Who took up the job of electroplating the Kalasams with gold?
iii) How long does the glitter last In conventional gold coating?
iv) Write the three advantages of using NTGD technology.
v) What does the expression the big dream refer to ?
vi) Write the synonym of the word lustre that you find in the passage.
vii) Name the presiding deity of this hill temple.
viii) Write the part of speech of the word unique.
Answers:
i) Nano Tech Gold Deposition (NTGD)
ii) the Chennai-based Smart Creations
iii) for fifteen years
iv) a) consumes less gold b) hundred percent recoverable gold c) shine lasts for decades
v) gold’s lustre lasting for fifty years
vi) glitter
vii) Shri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy
viii) adjective

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

6. World Peace- A Noble Goal

“A combination of science and spirituality would bring peace to the world,” said Swami Vivekananda. With full faith in this dictum, MIT World Peace University, Pune has been organising annual editions of the World Parliament of Science, Religion and Philosophy. The unification of science, religion and philosophy is for the well-being of mankind, assert the organisers.

On the eve of the inauguration of the three-day 8th edition of the World Parliament on April 3, 2022, MIT WPU, along with MIT Art, Design and Technology, celebrated the public dedication programme of the World’s biggest Peace Dome (Certified by the World Book of Records, London). This Dome is regarded as a spiritually oriented scientific laboratory, showing the pathway of happiness, contentment and peace to the world.

On this occasion, they distributed 1.25 lakh copies of the Shrimad Bhagavad Gila. Many believe the Gita as the Book of Life for entire humanity. Yet others consider it as the panacea. Prominent public persons, theologians of every major faith, philosophers, scientists etc. participate in the annual editions of this World Parliament of Science, Religion and Philosophy.

Answer the following questions.
i) What is capable of bringing peace to the world, according to Swami Vivekananda ?
ii) Name the two other activities the organisers of the World Parliament of Science, Religion and Philosophy took up on April 3, 2022.
iii) How is the World’s biggest Peace Dome regarded?
iv) How often do the organisers conduct the World Parliament of Science, Religion and Philosophy?
v) Who can participate in the World Parliament of Science, Religion and Philosophy?
vi) Write the one-word substitute used in the passage that can replace persons who study religion and beliefs.
vii) Find out the one-word substitute used in the passage to mean something that will solve all the problems of a particular situation.
viii) _____________ theologians of every major faith _____________
The meaning of faith as used here is _____________. Fill in the blank choosing from…
a) trust b) a particular religion c) belief
Answers:
i) a combination of science and spirituality
ii) public dedication programme of the world’s biggest Peace Dome and distribution of 1.25 lakh copies of the Gita
iii) a spiritually oriental scientific laboratory
iv) once a year (annually)
v) prominent public persons, theologians, philosophers, scientists, etc.
vi) theologians
vii) panacea
viii) a particular religion

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

7. An Epitome of EQUALITY

“ Ramanuja’s heart was greater: He felt for the . downtrodden… asserted Swami Vivekananda. And Gosti Purna called Ramanujacharya Emperumanar (/emberu- ma:nar /- a Dravida word meaning superior to all of us). What made them describe Bhagavad Ramanujacharya thus? How noble Ramanujacharya must be to invite such appreciation! Yes, indeed He was! Regarded as a heavenly star descended down, he grew to be not only a spiritual giant but also an amazing social reformer.

He saw divinity in living and inanimate beings. As an epitome of EQUALITY, He threw himself heart and soul into eliminating all barriers. He defied the then rigid customs. He allowed even the downtrodden into temples and to partake in temple services. For that, He revamped the temple administration thoroughly. He was eager to learn from anyone and at any cost. With unmatching perseverance, He walked 100 KMs to Gosti Pura eighteen times to receive the ‘esoteric’ mantra.

He was equally committed to teach all. And, He revealed that secret ‘mantra’. to everyone. He affirmed that hell would be fine for Him, if everyone got liberation. How supreme His sacrifice was! This legendary incarnation of learner, teacher and reformer (three- ill-one) finds an astounding embodiment of His image and teachings as the gigantic 216-foot golden- hued STATUE OF EQUALITY – courtesy the vision and commitment of His Holiness Tridandi Chinna Srlmannarayana Ramanuja Jeeyar! Shall we, then, assimilate the message? Follow it. Stay blessed. (216 words: 216-foot statue)

Answer the following questions.
i) How did Swami Vivekananda support his claim that Ramanuja’s heart was greater?
ii) Quote the sentence from the passage that proves that Ramanujacharya was eager to learn at any cost.
iii) Why did Ramanujacharya say that hell would be fine for Him?
iv) What did Ramanujacharya do to permit all to offer services in temples?
v) Write the synonym of the word embodiment Find it In the passage.
vi) Pick out the idiom from the passage that means with a lot of energy and enthusiasm.
vii) What is the antonym of living that you find in the passage?
viii) The STATUE OF EQUALITY seeks to inspire us to submit ourselves to the service of our
Acharya ____________ to society and the Supreme Being.
Fill in the blanks with a correlative conjunction, choosing from the options given below.
a) neither ………………nor
b) both …………….. and
c) either ……………….or
d) not only …………….. but also
Answers:
i) by emphasising the fact that Ramanuja felt for the downtrodden
ii) He walked 100 kms to Gosti Pura eighteen times to receive the ‘esoteric’ mantra.
iii) He said that hell would be fine for Him (for revealing the esoteric mantra to all) if everyone got liberation.
iv) He revamped the temple administration thoroughly.
v) incarnation (epitome)
vi) heart and soul
vii) inanimate
viii) b) both …….and
d) not only but also (Both are right.)

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

8. God Sees All

The story of the Babylonian King, Belshazzar from the Bible offers us valuable lessons. Once he hosted a grand feast. He ordered his servants to serve wine in golden goblets brought from the temple of Jerusalem. That was sheer blasphemy. Fingers of a hand appeared all of a sudden. They wrote something on the wall. The King was frightened. But he didn’t understand what it was. On the Queen’s advice, the wise Daniel was summoned. He read the message. He said that power corrupted his father Nebuchadnezzar, But he learnt no lessons from his father’s fall. His days were numbered. The same night the King was slain. The writing on the wall became true.

Answer the following questions.
i) How is the story of Belshazzar important to us ?
ii) Where were those golden goblets brought from?
iii) What was the sheer blasphemy referred to in the story?
iv) The wise learn from others’ mistakes; fools don’t learn even from their own mistakes. This is a great saying. Do you see the truth of this saying here?
v) Who interpreted the writing on the wall ?
vi) What brought the fall of Nebuchadnezzar ?
vii) Write the one-word substitute used in the passage that means behaviour that insults God.
viii) Find out the idiom used in the passage to mean he would not continue to live/he would die soon.
Answers:
i) It is important as it teaches us valuable lessons.
ii) from the temple of Jerusalem
iii) using golden goblets of a temple to serve wine
iv) Yes. I do see the truth.
v) the wise Daniel
vi) power corrupted Nebuchadnezzar till his fall.
vii) blasphemy
viii) his days were numbered

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

9. Faith… Distinct

Jainism holds a distinct view about the God. Mahavira’s belief in the individual is insuperable. He declares, unhesitatingly, that every individual (Atma) is the Supreme Being (Paramatma).Mahavira attracts everyone’s admiration with his ability to destroy his own Karma, to know himself, and break free from the endless cycles of death and rebirth. Jain literature emphasises the need to examine Dharma critically.

It also advises one to discover the hidden knowledge in oneself – that is self-realization. When that happens, one realises that every creature is like oneself and one’s pain is other’s pain. That is what true Ahimsa is. They go to the extent of asserting that the God is no more than MAN’S own higher self. What a unique belief! And Jains sincerely seek to reach that higher self!

Answer the following questions.
i) What makes Jainism different from other faiths?
ii) What did Mahavira believe in firmly?
iii) What quality of Mahavira draws everyone’s admiration towards him?
iv) Does one need to examine Dharma critically? Think of this critically, keeping in mind your views about Dharma:
v) What do Jains say about the God? Do you agree with them?
vi) Mahavira’s trust in the individual is rather unshakeable. Does it do good to the individual? Explain in a sentence or two.
vii) The word discover is a combination of dis (prefix) + cover (root). Analyse toe word unhesitatingly in the same way.
viii) Add one prefix and one or two suffixes to the root word believe.
Answers:
i) their view about the God
ii) in the individual
iii) his ability to destroy his own Karma, to know himself and break free from the endless cycles of death and rebirth
iv) Yes, one needs to examine Dharma critically.
v) They say that the God is no more than MAN’S Own higher self. No, I don’t agree with them.
vi) Yes, it does good to the individual. That trust makes the individual better than what he has been till then in many ways.
vii) un(prefix) hesitate (root) + ing (suffix -1), ly (suffix – 2)
viii) unbelievably- un (prefix) + – able and -ly (suffixes)

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

10. Should the Wait; Continue for Quality and Equality

People who drafted our Constitution, also known as fathers of our constitution, did not intend that we just set up hovels, put students there, give untrained teachers, give them bad textbooks, no playgrounds and say we have complied with article 45 I dream to see students cultivate such a scientific spirit that they pursue their academics despite a Hindu V.C. is heading Aligarh Muslim University or a Muslim V.C. is administering Benares Hindu University.

These are the views of Mohammadali Carim Chagla (30.9.1900-19.02.1982), expressed as the Union Education Minister (1963 -1966). Look at the quality and equality he aimed at. Sixty years have passed since then. Yet, the wait continues. People like Chaglas are needed in multiples. He was a jurist, diplomat, minister with commitment to the cause of the country. Opposing the ideology of communal-based two nations, he broke ranks with his long-term associates. Education system needs such men to make it a man-making system!

Answer the following questions.
i) About our education system, this passage expresses __________. Fill in the blank choosing from the list.
a) happiness
b) anger
c) satisfaction
d) anguish

ii) Are we complying with the provisions of our constitution regarding providing education? Support your answer with a sentence from the passage.
iii) When can you say that students are cultivating scientific spirit?
iv) The views quoted in the passage were expressed sixty years ago. Are they relevant today? Provide proof from the passage that supports your answer.
v) Why does education system need men like Chaglas ?
vi) What did Chagla do to oppose communal-based nations ideology?.
vii) Find out the idiom used in the passage that means dissociated from.
viii) Write the one-word substitute used in the passage that can replace a set of ideas, beliefs etc held by a group of people.
Answers:
i) anguish
ii) No .. set up hovels, put students there, give untrained teachers, give them bad textbooks, no playgrounds.
iii) When students pursue their academics even if a Hindu V.C. is heading the AMU or a Muslim V.C. is administering the BHU.
iv) Yes, relevant today Yet, the wait continues.
v) to make it a man-making system
vi) He broke ranks with his long-term associates.
vii) broke ranks with
viii) ideology

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

11. Honesty is the Best Policy

Jataka Tales seek to spread moral values. See this. People once believed that the spirit of Bodhisattva lived in a holy castor tree. So, they used to offer prayers to the tree and place expensive gifts there. A poor man came there one day, prayed to the tree and wanted to present a piece of bread to the tree. But, feeling ashamed of his poor gift, he turned back without offering it.

Suddenly, a man appeared before him. He said he was hungry. He requested for that piece of bread. The poor man happily handed it over to him. Then, he informed that poor man about a pot of gold coins in the ground there. The man was ‘poor but he was honest. He knew how to play the King about that treasure. Valuing the poor man’s honesty, the King made him his royal treasurer!

Answer the following questions.
i) What do Jataka Tales aim at ?
ii) Why did people pray to the castor tree?
iii) How did the poor man feel when he saw the expensive gifts placed at the castor tree?
iv) Who approached that poor man requesting him for that piece of bread?
v) The poor man became the royal treasurer.’ What made him occupy that Important position?
vi) The words tale (used in the passage) and tail are homo- phones (with different spellings but the same sounds). Another set is see – sea. Now write two sets of homophones with peace and hymn.
vii) Write the noun form of the adjective hungry.
viii) Find out the Idiom used in the passage to mean act in the correct manner
Answers:
i) They aim at spreading moral values.
ii) as they believed that the spirit of Bodhisattva lived in that castor tree.
iii) The poor man felt ashamed of his poor gift.
iv) a hungry man
v) His honesty and the king valuing it made him the royal treasurer.
vi) peace – piece; hymn – him
vii) hunger
viii) play the game

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

12. Fastforwarded forest, the Miyawaki Way

India’s largest Miya the forest is coming up on a ter acre site at Kothapeta of Hyderabad. As part f Haritha Haram (green garland) to Telangana, the state government grounded work to plant two lakh saplings here on 24 July 2020. Miya- waki forests adopt the technique and name of a Japanese botanist, Akira Miyawaki. In 1970s, Miyawaki began to plant trees, shrubs and grasses in tight groves.

Saplings planted close together grow rapidly – in leaps and bounds – as they compete for light. It is struggle for survival, for sunlight! This concept soon caught the imagination of governments and boardrooms. Akira Miyawaki is believed to have supervised planting over fifteen hundred forests of this type around the globe! Impressed by the positive results of the Miyawaki method and moved by the urgent need to grow greenery, Shubhendu Sharma, an engineer at a Toyota factory, giving up a golden-goose-like job, founded a native forest-planting firm, with a view to popularising Miyawaki forests in India. The country now boasts of hundreds of thousands of Miyawaki forest trees!

Answer the following questions.
i) What is the speciality of the urban forest coming up at Kothapeta of Hyderabad ?
ii) Why are forests of the type discussed in the passage called Miyawald forests ?
iii) Mention the technique adopted in growing Miyawaki forests. Write its consequences as well.
iv) Write the sentence from the passage that shows the popularity of this type of forests.
v) How does Shubhendu Sharma seek to popularise Miyawaki forests in India?
vi) Pick out the Idiom used in the passage which means quickly, fast.
vii) Find out the phrasal verb used in the passage with the meaning quitting, leaving.
viii) What is the expression used in the passage to say made someone interested in ?
Answers:
i) It is the India’s largest Miyawaki forest.
ii) after the name of Akira Miyawaki who developed this concept
iii) Saplings are planted in close groves – very, very near to each other. That makes them compete for sunlight and grow very fast.
iv) There are about fifteen hundred forests of this type all over the globe..
v) by founding a native forest-planting firm
vi) in leaps and bounds
vii) giving up
viii) caught the imagination

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

13. An Empire Entirely Meant for the Wild

A seventy-acre, man-made forest near Suryapet has exclusively and entirely been dedicated to the wild. An amazingly ‘ incredible spirit of an agricultural graduate, Mr Dussaria Satyanarayana of Raghavapuram near Motey (Suryapet district) made this a reality and possibility. Birds and animals of hundreds of types have homes in this haven. The nature lover behind this project takes all measures to make this expanse a sanctuary.

Every product of this forest goes tc feed the wild. Not a grain from here goes out for human consumption: Even the fallen trees feed white ants and gel bio-degraded. Seven tanks dug here and there meet the water needs. The missionary zeal in him keeps him off the beaten track. He thanks his friends who happily share expenses. BBC Telugu telecast a ten-minute video of his mission. May his tribe multiply!

Answer the following questions.
i) What is the special feature of this forest as highlighted in the title?
ii) Who created this amazingly incredible wonder ?
iii) Where is that man-made forest?
iv) How do his friends help this nature-lover?
v) Write the synonym, from the passage, of the word unbelievable.
vi) Pick out from the passage the one-word substitute that means an area where wild birds and animals are protected.
vii) Find out the idiom used in the passage to mean far away from other people, houses, etc.
viii) Mark stress on the right syllable of the word missionary
Answers:
i) It is entirely meant for the wild.
ii) Mr Dussarla Satyanarayana
iii) at Raghavapuram
iv) by sharing expenses
v) incredible
vi) sanctuary
vii) off the beaten track
viii) ‘missionary

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

14. Father of Indian Industry – Pioneer of Global Philanthropy

Can you imagine who tops the list of philanthropists from across the globe in the last one hundred years? Thought of Tatas? You are, then, right! A survey by Edel-Give Foundation and Hurun India shows us some interesting facts. Tata’s contribution to charity over a century is $102 billions. Gates, with their $74.6 bn share, stand second in the list.

The only other Indian in the list of top fifty philanthropists is Azim Premji of Wipro, placed at 12th rank, with a share of $22 bn. The survey lists thirty-nine US citizens, five Europeans, three Chinese and two Indians. By starting their Trust for charity in 1892 (130 years ago!) Tatas, the doyen of Indian industry, proved themselves to be the pioneers of global philanthropy too. It is no wonder, then, that Jawaharlal Nehru often referred to Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata as the one-man planning commission.

Answer the following questions.
i) Describe the status of Tatas in global philanthropy.
ii) Who conducted the survey about global philanthropy over the period of one hundred years?
iii) How many US citizens find place in this list of top fifty philanthropists?
iv) When did Tatas establish their Trust for charity?
v) Name the two Indians who find place in this list
vi) How did Jawaharlal Nehru often refer to J N Tata ?
vii) Find out the synonym, from the passage, of the word philanthropy.
viii) Mark stress on the right syllables of foundation, contribution, commission
Answers:
i) Tatas top the list of philanthropists from across the globe.
ii) Edel-Give Foundation and Hurun India
iii) thirty-nine (39)
iv) in 1892
v) Tatas and Azim Premji
vi) as the one-man planning commission
vii) charity
viii) foun’dation contri’bution commission

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

15. Ananda Nilavam. literally!

Ananda Nilayam (Delight’s Dwelling / Home of Happiness)! The name speaks volumes about the place. Situated at Kondapaka (Siddipet district), two hundred metres off Hyderabad – Siddipet road, on a one-hundred-acre site, the place mainly serves the old (now forty inmates) with not much emotional support from their children. Even orphaned children (now numbering around 50) are provided shelter, care and education.

What looked like dry barren land with scattered bushes before 2010 is now a tastefully landscaped garden. Chirping birds, dancing twigs, fragrant flowers etc. greet the visitors and the inmates. A teacher from Siddipet one Mr Peddi Vaikuntam, along with other trustees and with advice and active help from Dr K.Y. Ramana Chary IAS (Rtd),, now advisor, Government of Telangana, initiated the process and has been carrying on me mission with success rates beyond expectations.

An industrialist from Karnataka Ms Sudha Janardan contributed Rs Fifty Lakhs to this project. Charity from rice-millers of Siddipet and Hotel Suprabhath of Hyderabad (Krishna Murthy – groceries) helps the trust provide food, medical services etc to the inmates at a nominal charge. The Trust has been serving gods, humans and nature with beauty, quality and equality. Each face here reflects the name of the place!

Answer the following questions.
i) Does the name of this Old Age Home indicate the mood and response of the inmates? Support your answer with a sentence from the passage.
ii) Where is this Home for the Aged located?
iii) Who initiated the project and who has been actively monitoring all the activities of the home?
iv) How do they manage to provide good food, medical facilities etc. with-nominal charges from the inmates?
v) Name the donor from a neighbouring state and the sum donated by her.
vi) Write the word used in the passage that means kindness, support, money etc extended to people in need.
vii) Find out the phrasal verb used in the passage to mean continuing with the work and taking it forward.
viii) Mark stress on the right syllables of the words charity, quality and equality.
Answers:
i) Yes. Each face here reflects the name of the place.
ii) at Kondapak
iii) Mr Peddi Vaikuntam
iv) with the help of charity from rice millers and hotel owners
v) Ms Sudha Janardan – 50 lakh rupees
vi) charity
vii) carrying on
viii) ‘charity ‘quality e’quality

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

16. Humanity at its Zenitli

Professional ethics coupled with concern for common man put this humane doctor at a peak that is close to divinity!. He is Doctor Edpuganti Hridayanath, practising medicine at Ravinuthula, (Krishnapadu Mandai) from a tiled home since March 17,1972 (fifty years of service). So far twenty lakh patients availed themselves of his services. 0f them, around ten thousand persons underwent surgeries. After completing MBBS from Kakinada, in 1971, he moved to Ravinuthula on the request of a patient – Ms Rattamma.

Understanding patients’ social, economic and emotional conditions helps him treat them effectively and at a low cost. He charges just seventy rupees as OP fee for a month. But he regards the smiles of patients as they leave healthy as invaluable fee. He lives a simple life but thinks high. He is worried about the falling moral values. He is happy that his children and I grandchildren appreciate his values! He has inspired dozens of his villagers to pursue medical education. Long live Doctor Hridayanath to help others live long and stay healthy.

Answer the following questions.
i) How long has Dr Hridavanath been practising medicine at Ravinuthula.
ii) Mention the appropriate number of persons who utilized this humane doctor’s medical services.
iii) What helps Dr Hridayanath treat his patients effectively and at a low cost?
iv) What is it that Dr Hridayanath regards as invaluable fee from his patients? Do you agree with him ?
v) What is Dr Hridayanath worried about?
vi) How do his children and grandchildren make him happy?
vii) Write the outcome of his inspiration to his villagers.
viii) Write the word that is used in the passage to mean moral values.
Answers:
i) for 50 years
ii) twenty lakh patients
iii) his understanding of patients’ social, economic and emotional conditions
iv) their smiles as they go out happy and healthy
v) about the falling moral values
vi) by appreciating his values
vii) dozens of his villagers are pursuing medical education
viii) ethics

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

17. A Sporting Genius

Meet Mithali Doral Raj, a rarecricketing genius. Bom on 3 December 1982 at Jodhpur, Rajasthan, she had her cricketing debut on 26 June 1999 (at just 17) as she played for India in a One-day International Match against Ireland. Her Test debut was on 14 January 2002. Awards she received are many. The first among them is Arjuna Award (2003). In 2015, she-received the PadmaShri.

The latest feather in her cap is Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna Award (2021). Records to her credit are innumerable indeed. Some of them are: (a) only woman to cross 7000 run mark in GDIs; (b) the first player to score seven consecutive half centuries in ODIs; (c) the first player from India (male or female) to score 2000 runs in Twenty-Twenty matches; (d) only woman player to have captained more than one ICC ODI World Cup Finals (in 2005 and 2017); (e) the first woman to play in 200 ODIs; (f) the first woman to complete 20 years in International Cricket. Inspiring indeed! It is sad that when she was in good form and could have played for a couple of more years, she declared her retirement on 10th June 2022. May her spirit encourage other sports persons.

Answer the following questions.
i) When did Ms Mithali Raj make her first International Test appearance?
ii) Where was Ms Mithali Raj born ?
iii) What is the latest award she received and when ?
iv) How is she distinct in terms of half centuries in ODIs ?
v) How long has she been playing in international cricket (till 2022) ?
vi) Name her distinction as a captain in ODl World Cup finals.
vii) Write the one-word substitute used in the passage that means the first public appearance of a player /performer / artist.
viii) Find out the idiom used in the passage that means some achievement one is proud of
Answers:
i) on 14 January 2002
ii) at Jodhpur, Rajastan
iii) Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna Award in 2021
iv) the first player to score seven consecutive half centuries in ODIs
v) for twenty years
vi) only woman player to have captained more than one ICC ODI World Cup Final
vii) debut
viii) feather in one’s cap

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

18. MatheMaGician Defining What Super Is!

Anand aa gaya was Anand’s grandmother’s comment when he was born on 01.01.1973 into a trouble-torn poor family. Thirty years after that new year day, a new era of spreading happiness began. This simple-looking miraculous mathematical genius started offering free IIT-JEE coaching to thirty poor students. Located in Patna and titled Super- 30, this institute has redefined Super and Pedagogy. The success rates are so incredible that any doubting Thomas would label it as a cock and bull story.

But then statistics shows it all. 18/30 (first batch, 2003), 22/30 (2004),26/30,28/ 30,30/30 in 2007,2008 and 2009 respectively. And there has never been looking back. The Hindu said Midas. The Newsweek called it “one of the four most innovative schools in the world”. Bouquets are bountiful, brickbats are not lagging behind, though. The secret of this amazing success: Anand makes the learners THINK, and THINK ALWAYS! Intention, intelligence, inquisitive nature, commitment, confidence, competence etc. work here consistently and concertedly. A true model to teachers!

Answer the following questions.
i) Anand has a happy childhood. Write true or false. Support your answer with a sentence from the passage.
ii) How has Anand been spreading happiness?
iii) What is the secret of Anand’s success?
iv) How has the Newsweek described Anand’s Super-30 institute?
v) Have you heard of any other institute that can be compared with Super-30 in IIT-JEE achievements ?
vi) Write the synonym, from the passage, of epoch.
vii) Find out the one-word substitute used in the passage to mean the study and practice of teaching methods.
viii) Pick out the idiom used in the passage that means something that is not true
Answers:
i) False – He was born into a trouble-torn poor family.
ii) by offering free IIT-JEE coaching to 30 poor students every year
iii) Anand makes the learners THiNK and THINK ALWAYS;
iv) as one of the four most innovative schools in the world
v) No, No, such institute
vi) era
vii) pedagogy
viii) a cock and bull story

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

19. Intelligence at its zenith

The students of Rula College, Mumbai were wonderstruck when they saw a nine- year-old visiting professor explaining the difficult concepts of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry with ease. He is Sobomo Isaac Bari, the youngest professor in the world. Born in 2012 to Rashidul Bari, a mathematician and Shaheda Bari, he showed exceptional abilities from childhood.

For his problem-solving capacities, he got a letter of recognition from the former U.S. President Barrack Obama in 2016 and received the Global Child Prodigy Award in 2020. India nominated him for the Nobel Prize 2021. Besides being a genius in Mathematics and Science, he is a writer. At the tender age of seven, he wrote a book titled The Love which outlines his dream to live in a world without terrorism. You must be inspired at the- child prodigy’s exceptional intelligence and moved by his plea for communal harmony and world peace! Then, let’s unleash “THE LOVE”…

Answer the following questions.
i) Why were the Ruia College students wonder-struck?
ii) What is the greatness of Soborno Bari?
iii) What is Soborno’s father?
iv) Former U.S. President Donald Trump recognized Soborno’s problem-solving capacities. Say true or false.
v) Which country nominated the child prodigy for the Nobel Prize 2021 ?
vi) What does the book The Love outline ?
vii) Write, from the passage, the opposite of the word dunce.
viii) Find the word from the passage which means a young person with remarkable abilities.
Answers:
i) as they ‘saw a nine-year-old visiting professor explaining difficult concepts of mathematics, physics and chemistry with ease
ii) He is the youngest professor in the world
iii) a mathematician
iv) false
v) India
vi) his dream to live in a world without terrorism
vii) genius
viii) prodigy

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

20. A World of Books or a Book of the World!

Learning there is pure fun. Life skills form the core of the curriculum. Lessons are drawn from the book of the world, not from the ‘World of academic books. Field visits the regular feature. Educational tours are annual events. Gardening is a hobby. In vast pla’ grounds, they discuss physics principles. Classrooms get converted into )layf: ids. The day dawns with games and physical activities. Reading newspapers is followed by Satsangs – discussions.

Letter writing, story writing, book reviews, stage performance, songs, dances drawing etc. are quite common activities here. Quizzes top them all. Prizes won in national and state level competitions number in hundreds. Everyone associated with this school was on cloud nine whom an eighth-grade girl by nanm Namrutha watched Chandrayan live along with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 6 September 2019 from ISRO Bengaluru. That fun-filled school is Teja Vidyalaya! at Kodada, (a true temple of learning, and surprisingly, a temple has now come up beside it!) The inspiration, they say, is Rishi Valley ot Jiddu Krishna Murthy. And the school lives up to the inspiration!

Answer the following questions.
i) What forms the core of the curriculum at this fun-filled school?
ii) Name the regular feature followed at this school.
iii) How often do they conduct educational tours?
iv) When do Satsangs take place?
v) Where does the inspiration to run such a school come from?
vi) Write the. idiom used in the passage to mean extremely happy.
vii) Pick out the word from the passage that means the central part / essence.
viii) Mark stress .on the right syllable of the word inspiration
Answers:
i) life skills
ii) field visits
iii) once a year (annually)
iv) after reading newspapers
v) from Rishi Valley
vi) on cloud nine
vii) core
viii) inspiration

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

21. Mother of Inventor

Necessity is the Mother of Invention. So goes the widely- accepted wise saying. Here, however, a mother’s toil for long hours brought out the inventor in Padma Shri Chintakindi Mallesham. Born into a poor weaver’s family in Sharajpet village near Alair, Dr Mallesham dropped out of school after his s” class. His mother, Lakshmi, used to work on a manual Asu (a pre-loom activity in tie and dye weaving fashion).

That tedious work (turning the threads around the Asu for 9000 times to get yarn ready for just one saree!) used to leave her shoulders and joints strained to extreme levels. Moved by his mother’s pain, Dr Mallesham decided to find a way out. He moved heaven and earth for years. His determination was his sole resource. Challenges were many. Support from his wife Swarna (literally ‘gold’!) and a few friends mattered a lot.

Finally in 1999, he made his dream come true. Mechanical Laxmi (his mother’s name) Asu saw the light of day. That filled many weavers’ homes with the light of relief from their toil. Accolades came his way. Governments, universities, NGOs honoured him. A biopic was made based on his achievements. Even Forbes listed him among the seven powerful rural entrepreneurs. Now he runs an Asu-making unit at Alair. He visits institutions inspiring the young with his simple, to-the-point and time-specific talks.

Answer the following questions.
i) What throught out the inventor in Dr Mallesham ?
ii) Describe the work done on Asu.
iii) Describe the conditions in which Dr Mallesham struggled to make his dream machine.
iv) Does his invention help his mother alone ? Support your answer with evidence from the passage.
v) Name any two honours Dr Mallesham received.
vi) Find out the Idiom used in the passage that means did everything one could possibly do in order to achieve something.
vii) Pick out the one-word 8UbstibI~e from the passage that means persons who start business especially when that Involves taking financial risks.
viii) A portmanteau /po:(r)t’maent3u/word is a word blending the sounds and combining the meaning of two words –
Example: smoke + fog – smog.
Now find out one such portmanteau word from the passage that blends biography + picture .
Answers:
i) his mother’s toil and the resultant pain
ii) It is a pre-loom activity in tie and dye weaving fashion.
Threads are wound around the Asu to get yarn ready.

iii) Challenges were many. Determination was his sole resource.
Support from his wife and a few friends meant a lot.

iv) No. It helped many others. That filled many weavers’ homes with the light of relief from their toil.
v) the Padrna Shri and honorary Doctorate
vi) moved heaven and earth
vii) entrepreneurs
viii) biopic

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

22. A tele book Vs an ordinary book

A tele book is quite different from an ordinary book. In an ordinary book, words are printed on pages and remain there. A tele book, on the other hand, consists of words which appear on a screen and keep moving on it. People go through a tele book by reading words as they appear on the screen. The advantage, of tele books is that a great number of such books can be shown on a single screen.

The disadvantage is that we cannot turn back the page to read something again, With the invention of Kindle (an electronic tool, looking like a tablet, that call be used as a digital book) this problem has now largely been served It is time we learnt to read tele books the same way we have been reading ordinary books. The day is not far, when ordinary books may become obsolete….

Answer the following questions.
i) How is an ordinary book different from an unconventional book?
ii) What is the advantage of the new kind of books ?
iii) ‘How has the invention of Kindle helped us ?
iv) Why should we learn to read tele books the same way we have been reading ordinary books ?
v) Fill in the blank with the most appropriate option from the list given below:
The passage highlights
a) fast changing technology
b) the need on our part to change with the times
c) the way the world is turning into an e-world
vi) Write the part of speech of the word advantage.
vii) The word book is used in the passage to mean a bundle of bounded papers with words printed on the papers.
Use the same word book in your own sentences with two other meanings of the word book.
viii) Add one prefix and one suffix to the root advantage
Answers:
i) In an ordinary book words are printed on pages and they remain there. But in an unconventional book (Tele book) words appear on a screen and keep moving.
ii) A great number of books can be shown on a single screen.
iii) It solved the disadvantage of not being able to go back.
iv) because ordinary books may soon become obsolete
v) (b) the need on our part to change with the times
vi) noun
vii) They are trying to book (v – reserve) tickets for their proposed trip to Chennai.
They may book (v – register) a case of theft.
viii) disadvantageous

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

23. Indomitable Indeed!

Amazing young man this … tweeted Kalvakuntla Taraka Rama Rao of Telangana Rashtra Samithi. “Dreaming big and working hard – this nineteen-year-old ‘runs’ home post his work shift as he dreams to be in the army,” said German Embassy, India. These sample encomiums are in response to Vinod Kapri’s – a film-maker and author – viral video. It is about Pradeep Mehra, a nineteen-year-old army aspirant from Almora of Uttarakhand. One night, Kapri saw him running on the roads of Noida.

On being asked why he was sprinting, Pradeep replied that his dream was to join the army. So; he runs ten kilometres a day from his workplace, Macdonald’s outlet at Sector 16, to his home at Barola. He supports his elder brother, cooks food for him and thinks of his ailing mother back home. He is so firm about his routine and views that he smilingly said ‘no’ to Kapri’s offer of dinner and dropping at his destination. By declining Kapri’s offer to drive him home, Pradeep is in fact driving home the value of regular hard work!

Answer the following questions.
i) Who shared the viral video discussed in the passage?
ii) Where does Pradeep Mehra hail from?
iii) Why does Pradeep Mehra run home — ten-kilometre- destination from his workplace – every day?
iv) What did Vinod Kapri offer Pradeep Mehra and how did Pradeep respond to Kapri’s offer?
v) Even common people, with their uncommon deeds, dreams and traits, tan attract the attention of prominent persons.
Support this statement with the help of the above passage.
vi) Write the Idiom .used in this passage which means making others understand / explaining.
vii) ‘Pick out from the passage the synonym of praise / tribute.
viii) Mark stress on.the right syllable of the word destination.
Answers:
i) Vinod Kapri
ii) from Almora of Uttarakhand
iii) to get practice to join the army
iv) offered dinner and dropping at home – refused as he was firm about his routine and views
v) Prominent persons like KTR and Emabassy officials tweeted appreciating this common man’s uncommon traits.
vi) driving home
vii) encomium
viii) destination

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

24. Age No Barrier

Quest for knowledge Is unquenchable. The more one tastes it the more the person craves for it. And it lasts till one’s last moment. Nothing can deter the determined mind from the pursuit. Here is a proof in a retired but untiring bank employee. After he hung up his boots, he acquired a dozen degrees in different domains like Business Administration, Covicll9, Crime, Psychology, Law and Software.

What could be his motive? “My urge to set an example to youth drove me,” answers Shri Ramalingeswara Rao B., from the heart of Hyderabad. Somajiguda. Proving that good manners are infectious; his son is an IlTian (with a dual degree) and his daughter (state s” ranker in EAMCET in composite AP) is a postgraduate in medicine. He spreads his tentacles into disciplines like serving the orphaned aged persons, writing poetry and raising coffee plantations in cool Karnataka hill slopes. Does one need more to live fully and meaningfully? Let’s emulate him!

Answer the following questions.
i) What does the passage say about one’s thirst for knowledge?
ii) How does the passage elaborate its views about one’s urge to learn more and more?
iii) “Good manners are infectious”, asserts the passage. What evidence does it provide?
iv) How does Shri B. Ramalingeswara Rao spend his time now?
v) Write the idiom used in this passage to mean retired.
vi) Pick out the word (a homonym) from the passage that is used twice in one sentence with these meanings: continues and final.
vii) Find out from the passage the synonym of discipline.
viii) The word untiring can be analysed as un (prefix) + tire (root) + ing (suffix). Now analyse the word unquenchable in the same way.
Answers:
i) Quest for knowledge is unquenchable.
ii) The more one tastes it (knowledge), the more the person craves for it.
iii) Like the father, his children also studied well and got rewarded.
iv) by serving orphaned aged persons, writing poetry and raising coffee plantations
v) hung up boots
vi) last
vii) domain
viii) un(prefix) + quench (root) + able (suffix)

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

25. Private Tragedy Serving a Public Cause

Falguni, wife of Dasarath Manjhi, died in 1959 of the injuries she suffered as she fell down from a mountainous path and of delayed medical help because, again, of the mountainous path! Manjhi (14.01.1934 – 17.08.2007), a labourer from Gehlaur village near Gaya in Bihar was moved into action by her death. Born into a low caste, he thought high. He started carving a path through the ridges. People called him lunatic. Yet, he toiled with a hammer, chisel and his steely resolve.

Twenty-two years (1960-1982) of his single-handed efforts bore fruit. The 110 metre-long, 9.1 metre-wide and 7.7-metre- deep path he carved through the ridges reduced the distance between Gehlaur and Gaya by forty kilo metres (from 55 to ‘15 KMs). Bihar Government honoured him. India Post released a stamp featuring him. A memorial with his statue stands tall in Gehlaur. People fondly remember him as the Mountain Man. Yet, the real reward to this departed soul could be to provide roads and medical aid to every village in India!

Answer the following questions.
i) Mention the reasons or Falguni’s death.
ii) How did Falguni’s death move her husband, Manjhi ?
iii) What were the tools Manjhi used to carve the path through the ridges?
iv) People fondly remember Manjhi as the Mountain Man because of his ……………. the blank choosing from:
a) caste
b) deed
c) wealth
v) How nearer is Gaya to Gehlaur because of the path.Manjhi created?
vi) List the honours governments and people extended to Manjhi.
vii) Find out the idiom used in the passage to mean had a successful result.
viii) Write the part of speech of the word mountainous
Answers:
i) injuries suffered as she fell down and delayed medical help
ii) moved him into action of carving a path through the mountain
iii) a hammer, chisel and his steely resolve
iv) (b) deed
v) by forty kms (55 to 15)
vi) Bihar government’s felicitation, a postal stamp, a memorial with his statue
vii) bore fruit
viii) adjective

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

26. The Last Lecture: Best Lessons

It was 18 September 2007. Carnegie Mellon University (US) auditorium was echoing with laughter as forty-six-year-old Randy Pausch was delivering an upbeat and humorous lecture. And, then, he knew he would die in a few months’ Terminal pancreatic cancer was the villain. He, yet, stressed the need to live fully and have fun in everything. He suddenly dropped and did push-ups to prove his point. Living right is more important than achieving dreams, asserted he. He listed his achieved dreams, quite many, though.

He thanked every- one who taught him a lesson or two. And he passed on those valuable lessons to posterity. He wants one to be frugal, not miserly. He advises elders to give children permission’ and inspiration to dream. He appeals to teachers to enable learners to achieve dreams. The most significant lesson, however, is the way he took the bull (of cancer or death) by the horns. The Last Lectures extended version is the best- selling book with the same title, worth reading again and again!

Answer the following questions.
i) When and where was this Last Lecture delivered?
ii) The auditorium echoed with loud laughter. Yet, every listener was crying silently. Why?
iii) What did the speaker emphasise despite being in the face of death?
iv) He suddenly dropped and did push-ups on the stage. How would you have reacted, had you been there?
v) What is his appeal to teachers?
vi) The word pancreatic is an adjective. Write its noun form.
vii) Write the two words you see in the passage that mean:
a) using only as much money as is necessary… and
b) hating to spend money.
viii) Find out the idiom used in the passage to mean faced a difficult or dangerous situation directly and with courage
Answers:
i) on 18-09-2007; at Carnegie Mellon University auditorium
ii) because they all knew that the speaker was about to die very soon.
iii) to live fully and have fan in everything
iv) I would have been surprised and shocked
v) to enable learners to achieve their dreams
vi) pancreas
vii) a) frugal b) miserly
viii) took the bull by the horns

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

27. Two Friends

Two friends, Amanda and Margot, one day were walking together in a desert. In the heat of an argument, Margot slapped Amanda in the face who was hurt but without saying anything, wrote on the sand, “Today, my best friend Margot slapped me in the face”. They kept on walking until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath. While bathing, Amanda got stuck in the mire and started drowning.

Then, naturally, Margot saved Amanda by pulling her out of the quicksand. After recovering from near drowning, Amanda wrote on a stone, “Today, my best friend Margot saved my life”. On being asked by confused Margot why she did so, Amanda replied, “When someone hurts us, we should write it down in sand, where winds of forgiveness can erase it, but when someone does something good for us, we must engrave it on a stone, so no wind can erase it”.

Answer the following questions.
i) Where were the two friends walking ?
ii) Why did Margot slap Amanda ?
iii) What happened to Amanda when she was bathing ?
iv) What would have happened to Amanda if Margot had not saved her ?
v) What is the difference between writing in the sand and writing on a stone ?
vi) According to the passage, we should never forgive our friends if they hurt us. Write yes or no.
vii) Find the word, from the passage, which means to remove all traces of something.
viii) Give the antonym of the word punishment from the passage.
Answers:
i) in a desert
ii) in the heat of an argument
iii) got stuck in the mire
iv) Amanda would have died.
v) Writing in the sand is erased with winds of forgiveness. Writing on a stone stays on forever.
vi) No
vii) erase
viii) forgiveness

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories Exercise Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

Q.No.6 – (4 out of 6 Questions: 4 × 1 = 4 Marks)

EXERCISES

The Women on Platform No.8

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow in a word or sentence each.

1) She took me into the station dining room and ordered tea, samosas, and jalebies. At once I began to relax and take an interest in this kind woman The strange meeting with her had little effect on my appetite. I was a hungry schoolboy. I ate as much as I could without being impolite. She took pleasure in watching me eat. I think the food strengthened our friendship, for under the influence of the tea and sweets I began to talk quite freely. I told her about my school, my friends, my likes and dislikes. She questioned me quietly from time to time, but preferred listening

Questions :
1) Who is ‘she’ referred to in this passage?
2) Where did she take the boy?
3) What did she order for him?
4) The strange meeting had no effect on his appetite. Write whether it is true or false.
5) I ate as much as I could without being impolite.” What did he mean statement? Choose the best answer.
a. I ate so much food with being polite.
b. I ate not much food without being polite.
c. I ate sufficient quantity of food without being shy.
d. I ate scanty food with a feeling of fear.
6) What did he think of the food offered by the woman?
7) What did he exchange with her during their talk?
8) What did the woman prefer, questioning or listening?
Answers:
1) the woman on platform No.8; the strange woman
2) to the station dining room
3) samosas, jalebies and tea
4) True
5) a) I late so much food with being polite.
6) It strengthened their friendship.
7) about his school friends, his likes and dislikes
8) listening

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

2) As it approached, a boy jumped off the platform and ran across the tracks to the next platform. He was at a safe distance from the train and there was no danger unless he had fallen. But as he leapt across the tracks, the woman with me gripped my arm. Her fingers dug into my flesh painfully. I looked up at her. Her face was filled with pain and fear, and then sadness swept over her eyes. She watched the boy until he disappeared in the crowd and only then she relaxed her hold on my arm. She smiled at me and took my hand again, but her fingers trembled against mine.
“He was all right,” I said, feeling that she needed reassurance.

Questions :
1) What did Arun see when a train approached?
2) What was the woman’s reaction on seeing the boy leap across the tracks?
3) What type of emotions did the boy observe in her face?
4) Why do you think sadness swept over her eyes when a boy danger?
5) How long did she watch the boy?
6) Only after the boy disappeared that she relaxed. Write true or false
7) “She relaxed only after the boy safely disappeared into Write the true or false.
8) What type of relation between do you notice between the boy and women.
Answers:
1) A boy jumping off the platform
2) She gripped Aurn’s arm
3) pain, fear and sadness.
4) Probably she was reminded of the loss of her dear one on the tracks.
5) until he disappeared in the crowd
6) true
7) false
8) that of a mother and her son

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

3) By now I really didn’t like Satish’s mother at all. She clearly thought that I and “my mother” came from a very poor family. Because of that, I did not intend giving the other woman away. I let her take my hand in hers, but I could think of nothing to say. I was conscious of Satish’s mother staring at us with hard, unkind eyes, and I found myself hating her. The guard walked up the platform, blowing his whistle as the train got ready to leave. I looked straight into the eyes of the woman who held my hand. She smilec’ in a gentle, understanding way. I leaned out of the window then to her cheek and kissed her.

Questions :
1) Did Arun like Satish’s mother? Which other word in the his feeling?
2) What was the opinion of Satish’s mother on Arun and his mother
3) Who is the other woman referred to here?
4) What was Arun conscious of?
5) Arun let her take his hand into hers and said nothing. Write whether it is true or false.
6) Pick out from the passage train-related words. For example, guard
7) When he leaned out of the window to kiss her, was the train moving
8) Pick out the word which is the antonym of soft.
Answers:
1) No; hating
2) They came from a poor family.
3) mother of Satish
4) of Satish’s mother staring at them with hard, unkind eyes
5) true
6) whistle, window
7) No.
8) hard

A Gift For Christmas

4) Della finished crying. She went up to the looking-glass and began to powder her cheeks. Then she stood by the window and looked out dully at a grey cat walking on a grey fence in a grey backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars week doesn’t go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated They always are. Only $ 1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Oh, the many happy hours she had spent planning for something nice for him! Something fine and rare, worthy of the honour of being owned by Jim.

Questions :
1) Why was Della crying?
2) Where did Della go?
3) Where did Della stand?
4) Where did Della look out?
5) The day before Christmas is called _______________ (Fill in the blank choosing from the options.)
a) Boxing Day
b) Shopping Day
c) Christmas Eve .
6) Why had Della been saving every penny for months?
7) What did she do to get the money?
8) Write the synonym of the word gift from the passage.
Answers:
1) Della was crying because she couldn’t save or get money to buy Jim a gift for Christmas.
2) to the looking-glass
3) She stood by the window.
4) She looked out at a grey cat walking on a grey fence in a grey backyard
5) C) Christmas Eve
6) to buy a gift to Jim for Christmas
7) She saved pennies – day by day, for long. (Later, she sold her long brown hair.)
8) Present

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

B) She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one else. There was no other like it in any of the stores. It was a platinum watch-chain, simple but well made. It was worthy of the watch. As soon as she saw it she decided that it was the right present for Jim. She paid twenty-one dollars for it and hurried home with the 87 cents that remained.

Questions :
1) What did she find?
2) What was the impression that she did get after looking at the gift?
3) What was the chain made of ?
4) How much did she pay to buy the present?
5) How much money remained with her?
6) What did she buy for Jim?
7) She paid money in Euros. True or False?
8) Write the synonym of the word hastened from the passage
Answers:
1) She found a suitable Christmas gift.
2) She felt that it had been made for Jim.
3) It was made of platinum.
4) twenty-one dollars
5) eighty-seven cents
6) a platinum watch-chain
7) false
8) hurried

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

5) The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it. He looked thin and very serious. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two-and he was burdened with a family! He needed a new overcoat and he was without gloves. Jim’s eyes were fixed on Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise. He simply stared at her with a strange expression on his face.

Questions :
i) How did Jim look?
ii) Who was burdened with a family?
iii) What did Jim need?
iv) Where were Jim’s eyes fixed?
v) How was Jim’s expression?
vii) What did Della find in Jim’s expression?
vii) Jim was angry with Della. True or False?
viii) Write the synonym of the word looked from the passage
Answers:
i) Thin and very serious Jim
ii) Jim
iii) A new overcoat (tod gloves)
iv) On Della
v) It was neither anger, nor surprise, but strange and a combination of emotions.
vi) She could not read or find anything in Jim’s expression.
vii) False
viii) Stared

The Doctor’s Word

6) When the doctor resumed his seat, the patient asked in faintest whisper possible, “Is that someone crying?” The doctor advised, “Don’t exert yourself. You mustn’t talk.” He felt the pulse. It was already agitated by the exertion. The patient asked, “Am I going? Don’t hide it from me.” The doctor made a deprecating noise and sat back in his chair. He had never faced a situation like this. It was not in his nature to whitewash. People attached great value to his word because of that He stole a look at the other. The patient motioned a finger to draw him nearer and whispered, “I must know how long I am going to last. I must sign the will going to last. I must sign the will. It is all ready. Ask my wife for the dispatch box. You must sign as a witness.”

Questions :
i) who was crying?
ii) What was the doctor’s advice to Gopal ?
iii) Why was Gopal’s pulse already agitated ?
iv) “Am I going?” said Gopal. What did he mean by this?
v) What was NOT there in the nature of the doctor? …
vi) I am going to ‘last’. .” Write the part of speech of the word last.
vii) Write the synonym, from the passage, of the word hide.
viii) Write the idiom used in the passage to mean to see somebody quickly so that nobody sees that.
Answers:
1. Gopal’s wife
2. “Don’t exert your self
3. Because of the exertion
4. If he is going to die …………….
5. To whitewash
6. Verb
7. Whitewash
8. Stole a look

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

7) Next morning, he was back at Lawley Extension at ten. From ad sat back in his chair his car he made a dash for the sick bed. The patient was this. It was not in his ne awake and looked very well. The assistant reported great value to his word satisfactory pulse. The doctor put his tube at his heart, other. The patient mot so unhappy, lady. Your husband will live to be ninety.” When they were going back to the hospital, the assistant, sitting beside him in the car asked, “Is he going to live, sir?”

“I will bet on it. He will live to be ninety. He has turned corner. How he has survived this attack will be a me all my life,” replied the doctor. “I will bet on it. He will live to be ninety. He has turn comer. How he has survived this attack will be a me all my life,” replied the doctor.

Questions :
i) How was the patient when the doctor visited him following morning?
ii) What did the assistant report?
iii) What did the doctor say to Gopal’s wife?
iv) What would the doctor bet on?
v) What would be a puzzle to the doctor all his life?
vi) Write the idiom used in the passage to mean passed a very important point in an illness and began to improve.
vii) Find out the word used in the passage to mean an act of going somewhere quickly.
viii) The patient was awake… Here the word patient is a noun and it means a sick person. Use the word patient in your own sentence as adjective.
Answers:
i) The patient was awake and looked very well.
ii) Satisfactory pulse
iii) “Don’t look so unhappy, lady. Your husband will live to be ninety.”
iv) On Gopal living to be ninety.
v) How Gopal has survived that attack
vi) Turned the corner
vii) Dash
viii) Our English teacher is very patient (adj) with us.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

Lost

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow in a word or sentence each.

8) This latter circumstance frequently emboldened the stockbroker to me secret overtures to the delightful little lady, overtures which might have fascinated certain Viennese actresses but were an insult to a respectable woman. The baroness, whose name appeared in the Almanac de Gotha felt something very like hatred for the man from the ghetto, and for a long time her pretty little head had been full of various plans of revenge.

Questions :
i) What does the phrase ‘This latter circumstance’ refer to?
ii) Was the lady a Viennese actress?
iii) What were insults to a respectable woman?
iv) “The stockbroker’ and ‘the man from the ghetto’ both are the same. Write true or false.
v) Where did her name appear?
vi) Why did the lady develop hatred for the man?
vii) Find the word from the passage which means different.
viii) Pick the antonym of ugly from the passage
Answers:
i) It refers to ‘a very modest income’ (poverty) of the married
ii) Lady.
iii) No overtures (from the baron)
iv) True
v) In the Almanac de Gotha
vi) Because of his insulting overtures
vii) Various
viii) Pretty

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

9) Next evening the enamoured stockbroker came to the abode on which the price of the charming little baroness and found her alone, lying on the couch, wrapped in dark fur and holding a dog whip in her small hand, which the man from the ghetto kissed: “You know our agreement,” she began. “Of course, I do,” the Stock Exchange baron replied. “I am that? It is a sun to allow you to give me twenty-five cuts with the whip, and h a charmingly after the twenty-fifth you will listen to me.”

Questions :
1. Where did the stockbroker go?
2. Whom did he find ?
3. What did the lady hold in her hand ?
4. The lady was accompanied by her friends. Write true or false.
5. Write the word, from the passage, that means a house.
6. Write the part of speech of the word couch.
7. When would the lady listen to the baron favourably?
8. The man from the ghetto kissed the dog whip. Write Yes or No.
Answers:
1. To the abode (home) of the charming little baroness
2. Found the baroness
3. A dog whip
4. False
5. Abode
6. Noun
7. He wouldn’t have his wish fulfilled.
8. No. (He kissed her small hand.)

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

10) “Certainly, but I promised you to grant your wish after the twenty-fifth blow, and you have only received twenty-four,” the cruel little atom of virtue cried, and I have witnesses to prove it.” With these words she drew back the curtains over the door, and her husband, followed by two other gentlemen, came out of the next room, smiling. For a moment the stockbroker remained speechless on his knees before his Delilah; then he gave a deep sigh and sadly uttered that one most significant word: “Lost!”

Questions :
1. What did the lady promise ?
2. Was the baron ready to receive the twenty-fifth blow?
3. Whom does the phrase the cruel little atom of virtue refer to ?
4. Who were the witnesses ?
5. Find the word, from the passage, which means very important.
6. Write the antonym, from the passage, of the word vice.
7. Who does the word Delilah refer to ?
8. Why did the stockbroker remain speechless ?
Answers:
1. The lady promised to grant the baron his wish.
2. Yes
3. To the baroness (the lady)
4. Her husband and two other gentlemen
5. Significant
6. Virtue
7. The lady.
8. As what he expected did not happen – totally unexpected things – her husband and two gentlemen coming there.

An Interview

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow in a word or sentence each.

11) ‘I am not the Dean,’ he explained. ‘I am the medical school Secretary here long before you were born, my boy. Before your fair probably. I remember well enough when the Dean himself came up admitted.’ He removed his glasses and pointed them at me. I’ve seen thousand of students pass through the school. Some of them have turned out on and some of them bad – it’s just like your own children.’ I nodded heartily, as I was anxious to please everyone.

Now, young feller,’ he went on more briskly, ‘I’ve got some questions to ask you.’ I folded my hands submissively and braced myself mentally. ‘Have you been to a public school?’ he asked. ‘Yes.’ ‘Do you play Rugby football or Association?’ ‘Rugby.’ ‘Do you think you can afford to pay the fees?’ ‘Yes.’ He grunted, and without a word withdrew. Left alone, I diverted my apprehensive mind by running my eye carefully over the line of black-and white pictures of past deans, studying each one in turn. After ten minutes or so the old man returned and led me in to see the living holder of the office.

Questions :
1. I am not the Dean, he explained. Who does the word ‘I” refer to ?
2. How long was the Secretary there in the college ?
3. Name the games mentioned in the passage.
4. What was the last question to the speaker ?
5. How did the narrator divert his apprehensive mind?
6. Where did the old man take the narrator?
7. Pick the word, from the passage, which means have enough money to pay.
8. Pick the antonym of slowly from the passage.
Answers:
1. The Secretary
2. Since the narrator or even his father was not born.
3. Rugby and Association (football).
4. If he could afford to pay the fee
5. By running his eye carefully over the line of black-and-white pictures of past deans
6. Into the office of the Dean
7. Afford.
8. Briskly

TS Inter 2nd Year English Reading Comprehension Passages from Short Stories

12) He frowned at his paper pad for a few seconds. His face suddenly lightened, and I saw he had come to a decision. My hands gripped the arms of the chair as I waited to receive it. Rising, he shook me briskly by the hand and told me he had pleasure in admitting me to St Swithin’s.

I wondered for some time afterwards how he had been able to discover from these questions that I had the attributes of a successful doctor, but I later found out that even this brief interview was superfluous, as the Dean always took the advice of his old secretary and told applicants whose looks this man disliked that there were no vacancies.

Questions :
1. “My hands gripped the arms of the chair…” What does it express?
2. What was the narrator waiting for?
3. What did the Dean do raising from the chair?
4. Why did the narrator wonder?
5. Later he found out something. What was it?
6. Pick the word, from the passage, that means not necessary.
7. How were the applicants selected for admission?
8. Why was the interview superfluous?
Answers:
1. His tension/anxiety
2. For the result of his interview
3. The Dean shook the narrator briskly by hand and announced that his admission was finalized.
4. Wondered how the interview decided his attributes of successful doctor
5. That the interview was superfluous
6. Superfluous
7. Based on the liking by the Secretary of the looks of the aspirants
8. As the interview was NOT deciding admissions

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 9 The Religion of the Forest

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 9th Lesson The Religion of the Forest Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 9th Lesson The Religion of the Forest

Annotations (Section A, Q.No. 1, Marks: 4)
Annotate the following in about 100 words each.

a) The ideal of perfection preached by the forest-dwellers of ancient India runs through the heart of our classical literature and still dominates our mind (Revision Test – IV)

Reference: These lines are extracted from the essay “The Religion of the “Forest writter. by Rabindranath Tagore
Context: Indian civilization has been distinctive in locating its source of regeneration, material and intellectual, in the forest, not the city. India’s best ideas have come where man was in communion with trees and rivers and lakes, away from the crowds. The peace of the forest has helped the intellectual evolution of man.

Meaning: The idea! of perfection preached by the forest dwellers of ancient India run through the heart of our classical literature and still dominates our mind”. The forests are sources of life and they are the storehouse of biodiversity.

ప్రాచీన : `రతదేశంలోని అటవీ నివాసులు బోధించిన పరిపూర్ణత యొక్క ఆదర్శం మన సాంప్రదాయ సాహిత్యం యొక్క గుండా నడుస్తుంది మరియు ఇప్పటికీ మన మనస్సును ఆధిపత్యం చేస్తుంది

సూచన : ఈ పంక్తులు రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ రాసిన “ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్” వ్యాసం నుండి సంగ్రహించబడ్డాయి.

సందర్భ౦ : భారతీయ నాగరికత తన పునరుత్పత్తి మూలాన్ని, భౌతిక మరియు మేధావిని, అడవిలో, నగరంలో కాకుండా గుర్తించడంలో విలక్షణమైనది. భారతదేశం యొక్క ఉత్తమ ఆలోచనలు జనసమూహానికి దూరంగా చెట్లతో, నదులతో మరియు సరస్సులతో మనిషిగా ఉండే చోటికి వచ్చాయి. అడవిలోని శాంతి మనిషి మేధో పరిణామానికి తోడ్పడింది.

అర్థం : ప్రాచీన భారతదేశంలోని అటవీ నివాసులు బోధించిన పరిపూర్ణత యొక్క ఆదర్శం మన సాంప్రదాయ సాహిత్యం యొక్క గుండె గుండా నడుస్తుంది మరియు ఇప్పటికీ మన మనస్సుపై ఆధిపత్యం చెలాయిస్తుంది. అడవులు జీవనాధారాలు మరియు అవి జీవవైవిధ్య భాండాగారం.

b) The view of this world which India has taken is summed up in one compound Sanskrit word, Sacchidananda.

Reference: These lines are extracted from the essay “The Religion of the “Forest written by Rabindranath Tagore

Context: The first is sat, it is the simple fact that things are, the fact which relates us to all things through the relationship of common existence. The second is chit-, it is the fact that we know, which relates us to all things through the relationship of knowledge. The third is ananda. It is the fact that we enjoy, which unites us with all things through the relationship of love.

Meaning: Sat-chit-ananda is a Sanskrit term that describes the nature of reality as it is conceptualized in Hindu and yogic philosophy. Some consider sat-chit-ananda to be the same as God or Brahman (Absolute Reality). Others use it as a term to describe the experience of realizing the unity and wholeness of all existence.

రిఫరెన్స్: పంక్తులు రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ రాసిన “ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్” అనే వ్యాసం నుండి సంగ్రహించబడ్డాయి.

సందర్భ౦ : మొదటిది సత్, ఇది విషయాలు అనే సాధారణ వాస్తవం, ఉమ్మడి ఉనికి యొక్క సంబంధం ద్వారా అన్ని విషయాలతో మనకు సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంటుంది. రెండవది చిత్-, ఇది మనకు తెలిసిన వాస్తవం, ఇది జ్ఞాన సంబంధం ద్వారా మనకు అన్ని విషయాలతో సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంటుంది. మూడవది ఆనందము. ఇది మనం ఆనందించే వాస్తవం, ఇది ప్రేమ సంబంధం ద్వారా అన్ని విషయాలతో మనల్ని ఏకం చేస్తుంది.

అర్థం: సత్-చిత్-ఆనంద అనేది సంస్కృత పదం, ఇది హిందూ మరియు యోగ తత్వశాస్త్రంలో సంభావితం చేయబడిన వాస్తవికత యొక్క స్వభావాన్ని వివరిస్తుంది. కొందరు సత్ చిత్ ఆనందాన్ని భగవంతుడు లేదా బ్రహ్మంగా భావిస్తారు (సంపూర్ణ వాస్తవికత). ఇతరులు అన్ని ఉనికి యొక్క. ఐక్యత మరియు సంపూర్ణతను గ్రహించే అనుభవాన్ని వివరించడానికి ఒక పదంగా ఉపయోగిస్తాడు

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 9 The Religion of the Forest

c) Nature stands on her own right, proving that she has her great function, impart the peace of the eternal to human emotions. (Revision Test – IV)

Reference: These lines are extracted from the essay “The Religion of the “Forest written by Rabindranath Tagore

Context: Harmony and unity in diversity is the nature of the forest, whereas being monotonous is the nature of industrialism based on a mechanical world view.

Meaning: The forest also teaches us enormousness as the principle of equity, enjoying the gifts of Nature without exploitation and accumulation. In The Religion of the Forest Tagore quotes from the ancient texts written in the forest. Know all that moves in this moving world as enveloped by God; and find enjoyment through renunciation, not through greed of possession.

రిఫరెన్స్: ఈ పంక్తులు రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ రాసిన “ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్” అనే వ్యాసం నుండి సంగ్రహించబడ్డాయి.

సందర్భ౦ : భిన్నత్వంలో సామరస్యం మరియు ఏకత్వం అనేది అడవి స్వభావం, అయితే మార్పులేనిది యాంత్రిక ప్రపంచ దృష్టికోణంపై ఆధారపడిన పారిశ్రామిక స్వభావం.

అర్థం: దోపిడీ మరియు సంచితం లేకుండా ప్రకృతి యొక్క బహుమతులను ఆస్వాదిస్తూ సమత్వ సూత్రంగా అడవి మనకు తగినంతగా బోధిస్తుంది. ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్లో ఠాగూర్ అడవిలో వ్రాసిన పురాతన గ్రంథాల నుండి ఉల్లేఖించారు. భగవంతునిచే ఆవరింపబడిన ఈ కదులుతున్న ప్రపంచంలో కదిలేవన్నీ తెలుసుకోండి; మరియు త్యజించడం ద్వారా ఆనందాన్ని కనుగొనండి, స్వాధీనం యొక్క దురాశ ద్వారా కాదు.

d) These poems contain the voice of warnings against the gorgeous unreality of that age, which, like a Himalayan avalanche, was slowly gliding down to an abyss of catastrophe

Reference: These lines are extracted from the essay “The Religion of the “Forest written by Rabindranath Tagore

Context: Indians in ancient India loved and practised simplicity. Unfortunately this noble virtue broke up in Kalidasa’s time. The reasons were obvious. The Hindu kings forgot their duties.

Meaning: They, indulged in pleasure seeking. Frequent attacks from the Scythians destroyed our vitals. Material progress and luxury blinded people. They took that unreal magnificence for things of lasting value. Kalidasa was worried. He sent word of warnings through his poems. The fall was abysmal. It was time they corrected themselves. Tagore emphasises the value of Kalidasa’s service.

రిఫరెన్స్: ఈ పంక్తులు రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ రాసిన “ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్” అనే వ్యాసం నుండి సంగ్రహించబడ్డాయి.

సందర్భ౦ : ప్రాచీన భారతదేశంలోని భారతీయులు సరళతను ఇష్టపడేవారు మరియు ఆచరించారు. దురదృష్టవశాత్తు ఈ గొప్ప ధర్మం కాళిదాసు కాలంలో విడిపోయింది. కారణాలు స్పష్టంగా కనిపించాయి. హిందూ రాజులు తమ విధులను మరచిపోయారు.

అర్థం: వారు, ఆనందాన్ని వెతుక్కునే పనిలో మునిగిపోయారు. సిథియన్ల నుండి తరచుగా జరిగే దాడులు మన ప్రాణాధారాలను నాశనం చేశాయి. మెటీరియల్ పురోగతి మరియు లగ్జరీ బ్లైండ్ ప్రజలు. వారు ఆ అవాస్తవమైన గొప్పతనాన్ని శాశ్వత విలువ కలిగిన వస్తువుల కోసం తీసుకున్నారు. కాళిదాసు కంగారుపడ్డాడు. తన కవితల ద్వారా హెచ్చరికలు పంపాడు. పతనం దారుణంగా ఉంది. వారు తమను తాము సరిదిద్దుకునే సమయం వచ్చింది. ఠాగూర్ కాళిదాసు సేవ విలువను నొక్కి చెప్పారు.

Paragraph Questions & Answers (Section A, Q.No.3, Marks: 4)
Answer the following Questions in about 100 words

a) To make the spirit of the religion of the forest clear to readers Tagore presents some sets of contrasts. Explain them.
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a psychologist and social realist. He wrote a number of essays in both English and Bengali. “The Religion of the Forest” is one of his most famous essays. It represents the author’s perspective on an individual’s relationship with the forest and nature. “Indian civilization has distinguished itself by locating its source of regeneration, both material and intellectual, in the forest rather than the city” Away from the crowds, India’s best ideas have come from places where man can commune with trees, rivers, and lakes. The peace of the forest has aided in the intellectual development of man.

The forest culture has fueled the culture of Indian society. The culture that has resulted from The forest has been influenced by the various processes of life renewal that are always at work in the forest. “varying in sight, sound, and smell from species to species, season to season.” The principle of life in diversity, of democratic pluralism, thus became the foundation of Indian civilization.” This “unity in diversity” is the foundation of both environmental sustainability and democracy.

రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ (1861-1941) మనస్తత్వవేత్త మరియు సామాజిక వాస్తవికవాది. అతను ఇంగ్లీష్ మరియు బెంగాలీ రెండింటిలోనూ అనేక వ్యాసాలు రాశాడు. “ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్” అతని అత్యంత ప్రసిద్ధ వ్యాసాలలో ఒకటి. ఇది అడవి మరియు ప్రకృతితో ఒక వ్యక్తి యొక్క సంబంధంపై రచయిత యొక్క దృక్పథాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది. “భారత నాగరికత తన పునరుత్పత్తి మూలాన్ని, భౌతికంగా మరియు మేధోపరంగా, నగరం కంటే అడవిలో గుర్తించడం ద్వారా తనకంటూ ప్రత్యేకతను చాటుకుంది.”

జనసమూహానికి దూరంగా, చెట్లు, నదులు మరియు సరస్సులతో మనిషి కమ్యూనికేట్ చేయగల ప్రదేశాల నుండి భారతదేశం యొక్క ఉత్తమ ఆలోచనలు వచ్చాయి. అడవిలోని శాంతి మనిషి మేధో వికాసానికి తోడ్పడింది. అటవీ సంస్కృతి భారతీయ సమాజ సంస్కృతికి ఆజ్యం పోసింది. అడవి ఫలితంగా ఏర్పడిన సంస్కృతి, అడవిలో ఎల్లప్పుడూ పని చేసే వివిధ జీవిత పునరుద్ధరణ ప్రక్రియల ద్వారా ప్రభావితమైంది. – “దృష్టి, ధ్వని మరియు వాసనలో విభిన్నంగా ఉంటుంది

జాతుల నుండి జాతులకు, సీజన్ నుండి సీజన్ వరకు.” వైవిధ్యంలో జీవన సూత్రం, ప్రజాస్వామ్య బహుళత్వం, తద్వారా భారతీయ నాగరికతకు పునాది అయింది.” ఈ “భిన్నత్వంలో ఏకత్వం” పర్యావరణ సుస్థిరత మరియు ప్రజాస్వామ్యం రెండింటికీ పునాది.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 9 The Religion of the Forest

b) This aspect of truth cannot be ignored; it has to be known and mastered. What is that aspect of truth, according to Tagore? Who has mastered it? (Revision Test – IV)
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a psychologist and social realist. He wrote a number of essays in both English and Bengali. “The Religion of the Forest” is one of his most famous essays. It represents the author’s perspective on an individual’s relationship with the forest and nature. The truth of our life depends upon our attitude of mind towards it–an attitude which is formed by our habit of dealing with it according to the special circumstance of our surroundings and our temperaments. It guides our attempts to establish relations with the universe either by conquest or by union, either through the cultivation of power or through that of sympathy. And thus, in our realisation of the truth of existence, we put our emphasis either upon the principle of dualism or upon the principle of unity.

రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ (1861-1941) మనస్తత్వవేత్త మరియు సామాజిక వాస్తవికవాది. అతను ఇంగ్లీష్ మరియు బెంగాలీ రెండింటిలోనూ అనేక వ్యాసాలు రాశాడు. “ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్” అతని అత్యంత ప్రసిద్ధ వ్యాసాలలో ఒకటి. ఇది అడవి మరియు ప్రకృతితో ఒక వ్యక్తి యొక్క సంబంధంపై రచయిత యొక్క దృక్పథాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది. మన జీవిత సత్యం దాని పట్ల మన మనస్సు యొక్క దృక్పథంపై ఇది మన పరిసరాల యొక్క ప్రత్యేక పరిస్థితులకు మరియు మన స్వభావాలకు అనుగుణంగా వ్యవహరించే మన అలవాటు ద్వారా ఏర్పడిన వైఖరి. విజయం ద్వారా లేదా యూనియన్ ద్వారా, శక్తి పెంపకం ద్వారా లేదా సానుభూతి ద్వారా విశ్వంతో సంబంధాలను ఏర్పరచుకునే మన ప్రయత్నాలకు ఇది మార్గనిర్దేశం చేస్తుంది. అందువల్ల, ఉనికి యొక్క సత్యాన్ని గ్రహించడంలో, మేము ద్వంద్వవాదం యొక్క సూత్రంపై లేదా ఐక్యత సూత్రంపై దృష్టి పెడతాము.

c) The hermitage shines out in all our ancient literature, as the place where the chasm between man and the rest of creation has been bridged. Explain this statement of Tagore.
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a psychologist and social realist. He wrote a number of essays in both English and Bengali. “The Religion of the Forest” is one of his most famous essays. It represents the author’s perspective on an individual’s relationship with the forest and nature. A poet of a later age, while describing a hermitage in his Kadambari, tells us of the posture of salutation in the flowering lianas as they bow to the wind; of the sacrifice offered by the trees scattering their blossoms; of the grove resounding with the lessons chanted by the neophytes, and the verses repeated by the parrots, learnt by constantly hearing them; of the wild- fowl enjoying vaishva-deva-bali-pinda (the food offered to the divinity which is in all creatures); of the ducks coming up from the lake for their portion of the grass seed spread in the cottage yards to dry; and of the deer caressing with their tongues the young hermit boys. It is again the same story. The hermitage shines out, in all our ancient literature, as the place where the chasm between man and the rest of creation has been bridged.

రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ (1861-1941) మనస్తత్వవేత్త మరియు సామాజిక వాస్తవికవాది. అతను ఇంగ్లీష్ మరియు బెంగాలీ రెండింటిలోనూ అనేక వ్యాసాలు రాశాడు. “ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్” అతని అత్యంత ప్రసిద్ధ వ్యాసాలలో ఒకటి. ఇది అడవి మరియు ప్రకృతితో ఒక వ్యక్తి యొక్క సంబంధంపై రచయిత యొక్క దృక్పథాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది. తరువాతి కాలానికి చెందిన ఒక కవి, తన కాదంబరిలో ఒక ఆశ్రమాన్ని వర్ణిస్తూ, పుష్పించే లియానాలలో గాలికి నమస్కరిస్తున్నప్పుడు నమస్కరించే భంగిమ గురించి చెబుతాడు; చెట్లు తమ పుష్పాలను వెదజల్లుతూ అర్పించే త్యాగం; నవయువకులు పఠించిన పాఠాలతో ప్రతిధ్వనించే తోపు, మరియు చిలుకలు పునరావృతమయ్యే పద్యాలు, వాటిని నిరంతరం వింటూ నేర్చుకుంటాయి; వైశ్వ-దేవ – బలి-పిండా (అన్ని జీవులలో ఉన్న దైవత్వానికి అందించే ఆహారం) ఆనందించే అడవి-కోడి; సరస్సు నుండి పైకి వచ్చే బాతులు వాటి భాగానికి గడ్డి గింజలను కుటీర యార్డులలో ఆరబెట్టడానికి విస్తరించాయి; మరియు జింకలు తమ నాలుకలతో యువ సన్యాసి అబ్బాయిలను ముద్దాయి. మళ్లీ అదే కథ. మన ప్రాచీన సాహిత్యాలన్నింటిలోనూ, మనిషికి, మిగిలిన సృష్టికి మధ్య ఉన్న అగాధాన్ని తొలగించిన ప్రదేశంగా ఆశ్రమం ప్రకాశిస్తుంది.

d) Explain how the old simplicity of Hindu life had broken up in Kalidasa’s time.
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a psychologist and social realist. He wrote a number of essays in both English and Bengali. “The Religion of the Forest” is one of his most famous essays. It represents the author’s perspective on an individual’s relationship with the forest and nature. When Vikramaditya became king, Ujjayini a great capital, and Kalidasa its poet, the age of India’s forest retreats had passed. Then we had taken our stand in the midst of the great concourse of humanity.

The Chinese and the Hun, the Scythian and the Persian, the Greek and the Roman, had crowded round us. But, even in that age of pomp and prosperity, the love and reverence with which its poet sang about the hermitage shows what was the dominant ideal that occupied the mind of India; what was the one current of memory that continually flowed through her life.

In Kalidasa’s drama, Shakuntala, the hermitage, which dominates the play, overshadowing the king’s palace, has the same idea running through it the recognition of the kinship of man with conscious and unconscious creation.

రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ (1861-1941) మనస్తత్వవేత్త మరియు సామాజిక వాస్తవికవాది. అతను ఇంగ్లీష్ మరియు బెంగాలీ రెండింటిలోనూ అనేక వ్యాసాలు రాశాడు. “ది రిలిజియన్ ఆఫ్ ది ఫారెస్ట్” అతని అత్యంత ప్రసిద్ధ వ్యాసాలలో ఒకటి. ఇది అడవి మరియు ప్రకృతితో ఒక వ్యక్తి యొక్క సంబంధంపై రచయిత యొక్క దృక్పథాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది. విక్రమాదిత్యుడు రాజు అయ్యాక, ఉజ్జయిని ఒక గొప్ప రాజధాని, మరియు కాళిదాసు దాని కవి అయినప్పుడు, భారతదేశం యొక్క అటవీ తిరోగమనాల యుగం గడిచిపోయింది. అప్పుడు మేము మానవత్వం యొక్క గొప్ప సమ్మేళనం మధ్యలో మా స్టాండ్ తీసుకున్నాము.

చైనీయులు మరియు హున్, సిథియన్ మరియు పర్షియన్, గ్రీకు మరియు రోమన్, మా చుట్టూ గుమిగూడారు. కానీ, ఆడంబరం మరియు శ్రేయస్సు యొక్క ఆ యుగంలో కూడా, దాని కవి సన్యాసం గురించి పాడిన ప్రేమ మరియు గౌరవం భారతదేశ మనస్సును ఆక్రమించిన ఆధిపత్య ఆదర్శం” ఏమిటో చూపిస్తుంది; ఆమె జీవితంలో నిరంతరం ప్రవహించే ఒక స్మృతి ప్రవాహం ఏమిటి. కాళిదాసు నాటకంలో, శకుంతల, రాజు యొక్క రాజభవనాన్ని కప్పివేస్తూ, నాటకంలో ఆధిపత్యం చెలాయించే ఆశ్రమం, చేతన మరియు అపస్మారక సృష్టితో మనిషి యొక్క బంధుత్వాన్ని గుర్తించడం ద్వారా ‘ అదే ఆలోచనను కలిగి ఉంది.

The Religion of the Forest Summary in English

About Author

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 9 The Religion of the Forest 1

Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the “profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful” poetry of Gitanjali, he became in 1913 the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore’s poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his “elegant prose and magical poetry” remain largely unknown outside Bengal.

A Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Burdwan district and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old. At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhānusilha (“Sun Lion”), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics.

Rabindranath Tagore was born on 7th May 1861, in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta, India. He was the man who rejuvenated Bengali music and literature in the late 19th and early 20th century and them their recognition into this world. He was the first non-European to win Noble Prize for his work in Literature. He is the person who gave the national anthem of India and Bangladesh. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair- Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are some of his best known works.

The ideal of perfection preached by the great sages of ancient India in their hermitage still dominates the minds of the Indian people. The legends in our great epics bore all through their narratives the message of the forest dwellers.

The history of the Northmen or Norsemen of Europe is a resonance with the music of the sea. The sea plays a significant role in their life. It represents some ideals of life which still guide their history and inspire the creations of that race. Nature represents herself through the sea, her aspect of danger and obstacles which imbibes the spirit of fight into the soul of men. The man fought and won and this spirit of fight still inspires a man to fight against disease and poverty, the tyranny of matter and of man. This is true to the life of the people who live by the sea.

But in the plain land of Northern India men had no barrier between their life and Nature. Forests came into a close living relationship with men in their work and leisure, in their daily necessities and meditation. So the view of the truth of the life of these men did not manifest the difference but the unity of all things in Nature. When the world seems alien to us, then its mechanical aspect becomes prominent in our mind. The machine also has its place in the world. Human beings may be used as machines and made to yield powerful results.

The view of this world is explained through the Sanskrit word ‘Sachchidananda’ which states that Reality has three phases. The first phase is ‘Sat’ which states the fact that things exist and the fact that relates us to all things through the relationship of common existence. The second phase is ‘Chit’ which states that we know and this relates to all things through knowledge. The third phase is ‘Ananda’ which is the fact that we enjoy and this unites us with all things through love.

According to the true Indian view, our consciousness of the world merely as the sum total of all things that exist is imperfect. It becomes perfect when our consciousness realises all things as spiritually one with it. During the reign of Vikramaditya, the age of India’s forest retreats passed. But even in that age of pomp and prosperity the love and reverence with which poet Kalidasa sang about the hermitage show the dominant ideal of India. In Kalidasa’s “Shakuntala” the hermitage overshadowed the magnificence of the king’s palace and it clearly expressed the idea of recognition of the relationship of man with the conscious and unconscious creation alike.

While describing the hermitage in ‘Kadambari’ Bana tells of the postures of salutation in the flowering creepers while bowing in the wind, of the sacrifice offered by the trees by scattering their flowers, of the grove resonance with the lessons chanted by the learners and of the wild-fowl enjoying their food. All these descriptions tell us that the hermitage was the place where the wide difference of feelings of man and the rest of the creation had been bridged.

In the western dramas, Nature is almost always a trespasser but in all our famous Sanskrit dramas Nature has always an important function to impart the peace of the eternal to human emotions.

‘Ritu-Samhara’ is obviously a work of Kalidasa’s immaturity. The youthful love- song in it does not reach the sublime reticence found in ‘Shakuntala’ and ‘Kumara- Sambhaba’. But the tune of sensual outbreaks is set to the varied harmony of Nature’s symphony. In the third canto of ‘Kumara-Sambhaba’ the violent outbreaks of passion caused by Madana, the god of love, to set free a sudden flood of desire in the serenity of the ascetics’ meditation, was shown against the background of universal life. The whole of the ‘Kumara-Sambhaba’ poem, portrayed on a vast canvas tells of the eternal wedding of love, its wooing and sacrifice, its fulfilment and the birth of the brave one (Kartikeya) who destroyed the evil demon.

In Kalidasa’s time, the kings became self-seeking epicureans. At that time India reached the pinnacle of glory. But it is evident from Kalidasa’s poems that the very magnificence of wealth and enjoyment worked against the idea that sprang forth from the sacred serenity of the forest. These poems contain the voice of warnings against the gorgeous unreality of the age. The poet yearned for the purity and simplicity of India’s past age of spiritual striving.

Kalidasa opens his poem ‘Raghuvamsa’ amid the scenes of simplicity and self- denial. In the end, we find the palace of magnificence and the extravagance of self- enjoyment. With a calm restraint of language, the poet tells of the kingly glory crowned with purity. He begins his poem in the serenity of sunrise and he describes the end in the background of evening brightened with the splendour of the sun which at last fades into the darkness of night. In this beginning and in this ending there lies hidden the message of the forest. All through the narrative there runs the idea that the future would be glowed gloriously only when there would be in the atmosphere the calm of self-control, purity and renunciation.

The Religion of the Forest Summary in Telugu

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

రవీంద్రనాథ్ ఠాగూర్ 1861 మే 7వ తేదీన భారతదేశంలోని కలకత్తాలోని జోరాసాంకో భవనంలో జన్మించారు. అతను 19వ శతాబ్దం చివరలో మరియు 20వ శతాబ్దం ప్రారంభంలో బెంగాలీ సంగీతం మరియు సాహిత్యాన్ని పునరుద్ధరించిన వ్యక్తి మరియు ఈ ప్రపంచంలో వారి గుర్తింపు. సాహిత్యంలో చేసిన కృషికి నోబుల్ బహుమతిని గెలుచుకున్న మొదటి యూరోపియన్యేతర వ్యక్తి. భారతదేశం మరియు బంగ్లాదేశ్ జాతీయ గీతాన్ని అందించిన వ్యక్తి. గీతాంజలి (పాటల సమర్పణలు), గోరా (ఫెయిర్-ఫేస్డ్) మరియు ఘరే- బైరే (ది హోమ్ అండ్ ది వరల్డ్) అతని ప్రసిద్ధ రచనలలో కొన్ని.

ప్రాచీన భారతదేశంలోని గొప్ప ఋషులు తమ ఆశ్రమంలో బోధించిన పరిపూర్ణత యొక్క ఆదర్శం ఇప్పటికీ భారతీయ ప్రజల మనస్సులలో ఆధిపత్యం చెలాయిస్తోంది. మన గొప్ప ఇతిహాసాలలోని ఇతిహాసాలు తమ కథనాల ద్వారా అరణ్యవాసుల సందేశాన్ని అందించాయి.

ఐరోపాలోని నార్త్ మెన్ లేదా నార్మెన్ చరిత్ర సముద్రపు సంగీతంతో ప్రతిధ్వనిస్తుంది. వారి జీవితంలో సముద్రం ముఖ్యమైన పాత్ర పోషిస్తుంది. ఇది ఇప్పటికీ వారి చరిత్రకు మార్గనిర్దేశం చేసే మరియు ఆ జాతి సృష్టికి స్పూర్తినిచ్చే కొన్ని జీవిత ఆదర్శాలను సూచిస్తుంది. ప్రకృతి తనను తాను సముద్రం ద్వారా సూచిస్తుంది, ఆమె ప్రమాదం మరియు అడ్డంకులు, ఇది పురుషుల ఆత్మలో పోరాట స్ఫూర్తిని నింపుతుంది. మనిషి పోరాడి గెలిచాడు మరియు ఈ పోరాట స్ఫూర్తి ఇప్పటికీ వ్యాధి మరియు పేదరికం, పదార్థం మరియు మనిషి యొక్క దౌర్జన్యానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా పోరాడటానికి మనిషిని ప్రేరేపిస్తుంది. సముద్రం ఒడ్డున నివసించే ప్రజల జీవితానికి ఇది నిజం.

కానీ ఉత్తర భారతదేశంలోని మైదాన భూమిలో పురుషులకు వారి జీవితానికి మరియు ప్రకృతికి మధ్య ఎటువంటి అవరోధం లేదు. అడవులు పురుషులతో వారి పని మరియు విశ్రాంతి సమయంలో, వారి రోజువారీ అవసరాలు మరియు ధ్యానంలో సన్నిహిత జీవన సంబంధంలోకి వచ్చాయి. కాబట్టి ఈ మనుష్యుల జీవిత సత్యం యొక్క దృక్పథం భేదాన్ని కాదు, ప్రకృతిలోని అన్ని విషయాల ఐక్యతను వ్యక్తం చేసింది. ప్రపంచం మనకు పరాయిగా అనిపించినప్పుడు, దాని యాంత్రిక అంశం మన మనస్సులో ప్రముఖంగా మారుతుంది. యంత్రం కూడా ప్రపంచంలో తన స్థానాన్ని కలిగి ఉంది. మానవులను యంత్రాలుగా ఉపయోగించుకోవచ్చు మరియు శక్తివంతమైన ఫలితాలను ఇవ్వడానికి తయారు చేయవచ్చు.

ఈ ప్రపంచం యొక్క దృక్పథం ‘సచ్చిదానంద’ అనే సంస్కృత పదం ద్వారా వివరించబడింది, ఇది వాస్తవికత మూడు దశలను కలిగి ఉంటుంది. మొదటి దశ ‘సత్’, ఇది విషయాలు ఉనికిలో ఉన్నాయనే వాస్తవాన్ని మరియు ఉమ్మడి ఉనికి యొక్క సంబంధం ద్వారా అన్ని విషయాలతో మనకు సంబంధం కలిగి ఉన్న వాస్తవాన్ని తెలియజేస్తుంది. రెండవ దశ ‘చిత్’, ఇది మనకు తెలుసునని మరియు ఇది జ్ఞానం ద్వారా అన్ని విషయాలకు సంబంధించినదని పేర్కొంది. మూడవ దశ ‘ఆనంద’, ఇది మనం ఆనందించే వాస్తవం మరియు ఇది ప్రేమ ద్వారా అన్ని విషయాలతో మనల్ని ఏకం చేస్తుంది.

నిజమైన భారతీయ దృక్పథం ప్రకారం, ప్రపంచం గురించి మన స్పృహ కేవలం ఉనికిలో ఉన్న అన్ని వస్తువుల మొత్తంగా అసంపూర్ణమైనది. మన స్పృహ అన్ని విషయాలను ఆధ్యాత్మికంగా దానితో ఒకటిగా గుర్తించినప్పుడు అది పరిపూర్ణమవుతుంది. విక్రమాదిత్యుని పాలనలో, భారతదేశం యొక్క అటవీ తిరోగమనాల యుగం గడిచిపోయింది. కానీ ఆ ఆడంబరం మరియు శ్రేయస్సు యొక్క యుగంలో కూడా కవి కాళిదాసు సన్యాసం గురించి పాడిన ప్రేమ మరియు గౌరవం భారతదేశం యొక్క ఆధిపత్య ఆదర్శాన్ని చూపుతాయి. కాళిదాసు యొక్క “శకుంతల”లో ఆశ్రమం రాజు యొక్క రాజభవనం యొక్క వైభవాన్ని కప్పివేస్తుంది మరియు ఇది చేతన మరియు అపస్మారక సృష్టితో మనిషి యొక్క సంబంధాన్ని గుర్తించాలనే ఆలోచనను స్పష్టంగా వ్యక్తం చేసింది.

‘కాదంబరి’ బాణలోని ఆశ్రమాన్ని వర్ణిస్తూ, గాలికి నమస్కరిస్తూ పుష్పించే లతలలో నమస్కరించే భంగిమలను, చెట్లు తమ పువ్వులను చల్లి అర్పించే బలిని, నేర్చుకునే పాఠాలతో తోపు ప్రతిధ్వనిని గురించి చెబుతుంది. అడవి కోడి తమ ఆహారాన్ని ఆస్వాదిస్తోంది. ఈ వర్ణనలన్నీ మనిషికి, మిగిలిన సృష్టికి గల భావాల విస్తృత వ్యత్యాసానికి వారధిగా నిలిచిన ప్రదేశం ఆశ్రమమని మనకు తెలియజేస్తున్నాయి.

పాశ్చాత్య నాటకాలలో, ప్రకృతి దాదాపు ఎల్లప్పుడూ అతిక్రమించేది కానీ మన ప్రసిద్ధ సంస్కృత నాటకాలన్నింటిలో మానవ భావోద్వేగాలకు శాశ్వతమైన శాంతిని అందించడానికి ప్రకృతి ఎల్లప్పుడూ ఒక ముఖ్యమైన విధిని కలిగి ఉంటుంది.

‘ఋతు-సంహారం’ స్పష్టంగా కాళిదాసు యొక్క అపరిపక్వత యొక్క రచన. ఇందులోని యవ్వనమైన ప్రేమగీతం ‘శకుంతల’ మరియు ‘కుమార సంబాబా’లలో కనిపించే ఉత్కృష్టమైన నిశ్చలతను చేరుకోలేదు.. కానీ ఇంద్రియ సంబంధమైన వ్యాప్తి యొక్క ట్యూన్ ప్రకృతి యొక్క సింఫొనీ యొక్క విభిన్న సామరస్యానికి సెట్ చేయబడింది. ‘కుమార సంభబా’ యొక్క మూడవ ఖండంలో, సన్యాసుల ధ్యానం యొక్క ప్రశాంతతలో అకస్మాత్తుగా కోరికల వరదను విముక్తి చేయడానికి ప్రేమ దేవుడు మదన వల్ల ఉద్రేకం యొక్క హింసాత్మక విస్పోటనాలు సార్వత్రిక జీవిత నేపథ్యానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా చూపించబడ్డాయి. విశాలమైన కాన్వాస్ పై చిత్రీకరించబడిన ‘కుమార సంబాబా’ పద్యం మొత్తం ప్రేమ యొక్క శాశ్వతమైన వివాహం, దాని వోటింగ్ మరియు త్యాగం, దాని నెరవేర్పు మరియు దుష్ట రాక్షసుడిని నాశనం చేసిన ధైర్యవంతుడు (కార్తికేయ) పుట్టుక గురించి చెబుతుంది.

కాళిదాసు కాలంలో రాజులు స్వయం శోధించే మహాకవిగా మారారు. ఆ సమయంలో భారతదేశం కీర్తి శిఖరాలకు చేరుకుంది. కానీ సంపద మరియు ఆనందం యొక్క గొప్పతనం అడవి యొక్క పవిత్రమైన ప్రశాంతత నుండి ఉద్భవించిన ఆలోచనకు వ్యతిరేకంగా పనిచేశాయని కాళిదాసు పద్యాల నుండి స్పష్టంగా తెలుస్తుంది. ఈ కవితలు యుగపు బ్రహ్మాండమైన అవాస్తవానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా హెచ్చరికల స్వరాన్ని కలిగి ఉన్నాయి. భారతదేశం యొక్క ఆధ్యాత్మిక కృషి యొక్క గత యుగం యొక్క స్వచ్ఛత మరియు సరళత కోసం కవి ఆరాటపడ్డాడు. కాళిదాసు తన ‘రఘువంశ’ కావ్యాన్ని సరళత మరియు స్వీయ-నిరాకరణ దృశ్యాల మధ్య తెరుస్తాడు. చివరికి, మేము అద్భుతమైన రాజభవనాన్ని కనుగొంటాము.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 9 The Religion of the Forest

The Religion of the Forest Summary in Hindi

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर का जन्म 7 मई 1861 को भारत में कलकत्ता के जोरासांको हवेली में हुआ था । वे 19 वी सदी के अंत और 20 वी सदी की सुरूआत में बंगाली संगीत और साहित्य का कायाकल्प करने वाले व्यक्ति थे और इस संसार में उनकी पहचान मिली। वे साहित्य में अपने काम के लिए नोबल पुरस्कार जीतनेवाले पहले गैर – यूरोपिया थे । उन्होंने भावत और बंगलादेश का साष्ट्रगान दिया । गीतांजली (गीतार्पण), गोरा (सुंदर वदन), घरे – बैरे (द होम एंड द वर्ल्ड) उनकी सब से प्रसद्धि सरनाएँ हैं ।

प्राचीन भारत के महान संतों द्वारा अपने आश्रम में दिए गए उपदेश के पूर्णत्व के आदर्श आजभी भारतीयों के मन पर हावी हैं। हमारे महान महाकाव्यों की किंवदंतियाँ अपने आख्यानों के माध्यम से वनवासियों का संदेश देती हैं।

यूरोप के नॉर्थमेन या नॉर्समेन का इतिहास समुद्र के संगीत के साथ एक प्रतिध्वनि है । समुद्र उनके जीवन में एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। यह जीवन के कुछ आदर्शों का प्रतिनधित्व करता है, जो अभी भी उनके इतिहास का मार्गदर्शन करता है और उस जाति की रचनाओं को प्रेरित करता है। प्रकृति समुद्र के माध्यम से खुद का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। खतरे और वाधाओं का उसका पहलू मनुष्यों की आत्मा में संदर्ष की भावना को आत्माशंत करता है । आदमी लड़ा और जीता और संघर्ष की यह भावना अभीभी आदमी बीमरी और गरीबी, अत्याचार और आदमी आदमी के खिलाफ लड़ने के लिए प्रेरित करती है । यह उनलोगों के जीवन के लिए सही है जो समुद्र के किनारे रहते हैं ।

लेकिन उत्तरी भारत की मैदानी भूमि में मनुष्यों के जीवन और प्रकृति के बीच कोई बाधा नहीं है । काम और फुरसत में, अपनी दैनिक आवश्यकताओं और ध्यान में, वन मनुष्यों के साथ धनिष्ठ संबंध में आगए । इन लोगों के जीवन के सत्य के दृष्टिकोण ने अंतर को ही नहीं, बलिक प्रकृति में सभी चीजों की एकता को प्रकट किया है । जब संसार हमें पराया – सा लगने लगता है, तब उसका यांत्रिक पहलू हमारे मन में प्रमुख हो जाता है। मशीन का भी दुनिया में अपना स्थान है । मनुष्य को मशीनों के रूप में इस्तमाल किया जाता है और शक्तिशाली परिणाम प्राप्त करने के लिए बनाता जा सकता है । इस दुनिया के दृष्टिकोण को संस्कृत शब्द ‘सच्चिदानंद’ के माध्यम से समझाया गया है जिस में कहा गया है कि वास्तविकता के तीन चरण हैं। पहला चरण ‘सत्’ है, जो इस तथ्य को बताता है कि चीजें मौजूद हैं और वह तथ्य जो हमें सामान्य अस्तित्व के संबंध के माध्यम से सभी चीजों से जोड़ता है । दीसरा चरण ‘चित’ है, जिस में कहा गया कि हम जानते हैं और इस ज्ञान के माध्यम से सभी चीजों से संबंधित है। तीसरा चरण ‘आनंद’ है, जिसका हम आनंद लेते हैं और यह हमें प्यार के माध्यम से सभी चीजों से जोड़ता है ।

सच्चे भारतीय दृष्टिकोण के अनुसार, हमारे जगत् की चेतना मात्र के रूप में विद्यमान सभी वस्तुओंका कुल भोग अपूर्ण है । यह पूर्ण हो जाता है जब हमारी चेतना सभी चीजों को आध्यात्मिक रूप से इसके साथ एक रूप में महसूस है । विक्रमादित्य के शासनकाल के दौरान, भारत के वनों के पीछे हटने का युग बीत गया। लेकिन उस वैभव और समृद्धि के युग में भी कविदास ने जिस प्रेम और श्रद्धा के साथ आश्रम के बारे में गया, वह भारत के प्रमुख आदर्श को दर्शाता है । कालिदास के काव्य ‘शकुंतला’ में आश्रम ने राजा के महल की भव्यता को झायांकित किया और यह स्पष्ट रूप से चेतन और अचेतन रचना के साथ मनुष्य के संबंध को समान रूप से मान्यता देने के विचार को व्यक्त करता है ।

आश्रम का वर्णन करते हुए, ‘कादंबरी’ में बाण लताओं को प्रणाम करने की मुद्रा के बारे में बताते हैं, जो वृक्षों द्वारा उनके फूलों को सहलाते हुए बलिदान में झुकते हैं, शिक्षार्थियों द्वारा गाए गए पाठों की गूंज और उनके भोजन का आनंद लेनेवाले पक्षियों के बारे में बताते हैं । ये सभी विवरण हमें बताते हैं कि आश्रम ही वह स्थान था जहाँ मनुष्य की भावनाओं का व्यापक अंतर था और शोष सृष्टि को पाटा गया था ।

पश्चिमी नाटकों में, प्रकृति एक अतिचारी है, लेकिन हमारे सभी प्रसिद्ध संस्कृत नाटकों में प्रकृति का हमेशा से ही मानवीय भावनाओं की शांति प्रदान करने के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण कार्य है ।

‘ऋतु संहार’ जाहिर तौर पर कालिदास की अपरिपक्वता का काम है। इसमें युवा प्रेम-गीत ‘शकुंतला’ और ‘कुमार-संभव’ में विद्यमान उदात्त मौन तक नहीं पहुँचता है । लेकिन कामुक प्रकोपों की धुन प्रकृति की सिम्पनी के विविध सामंजस्य के लिए निर्धारित है । ‘कुमार संभव’ के तीसरे सर्ग में तपस्वियों की शांति में अचानक इच्छा की बाढ़ को मुक्त करने के लिए, प्रेम के देवता मदन द्वारा किए गए जुनून के हिंसक प्रकोप को सार्वभौमिक जीवन की पृष्ठभीमि के खिलाए दिखाया गया था । एक विशाल केनवास पर चित्रित पूरी ‘कुमार संभव’ कविता प्रेम का शाश्वत विवाह, उसकी लुभाने और बलिदान, उसकी पूर्ति और उस बहादुर ( कार्तिकेय) के जन्म के बारे में बताती है जिसने दुष्ट राक्षस को नष्ट कर दिया था ।

कालिदास के समय में, राजा स्वयंभू महाकाव्य बनगए । उस समय भारत गौरव के शिखर पर पहुँच गया था । लेकिन कालिदास की कविताओं से यह स्पष्ट है कि धन और भोग की भव्यता ने उस विचार के खिलाफ काम किया जो वन की पवित्र शांति से निकला था। इन कविताओं में युग की भव्य असत्यता के खिलाफ चैतावनी की आवाज है । कवि भारत के आध्यात्मिक प्रयास के गत युग की पवित्रता और सादगी के लिए तरह रहे थे ।

कालिदास ने सादगी और आत्मत्याग के दृश्यों के बीच अपनी कविता ‘रघुवंश’ की शुरूआत की। अंत में हमें वैभव महल और आत्म-सुख का अव्यय मिलता है । भाषा के शांत संयम के साथ, कवि पवित्रता के साथ वाज पहनाए गए राजसी गैरव के बारे में बताता है । वे सूर्योदय की शांति में अपनी कविता शुरू करते हैं और वेशाम की पृष्टभूमि में अंत का वर्णन करते हैं, जो सूर्य के तेज से रोशन होता है जो अंत में रात के अंधेरे में फीका पड़जाता है । इस शुरूआत में और इस अंत में वन का संदेश ध्विपा है । कहानी के माध्यम से यह विचार चलता है कि भविष्य तभी शानदार ढंग से आगे बढ़ा है जब वहाँ वातावरघ आत्म संयम, पवित्रता और त्याग की शांति थी । जब पतन निकट था, तो सौ अलग अलग बिंदुओं पर जलती हुई इच्छा की भूख की आग ने सभी देखनेवालों की आँखों को चकाचौंध कर दिया ।

Meanings and Explanations

hermitage(n) / (హర్మిటిజ్)/ ‘h3:.mɪ.tɪdʒ : a house where sages live in Isolation, away from, సాధారణ మానవ సహవాసానికి దూరంగా, ఋషులు ఒంటరిగా నివసించే ఇల్లు, जिस घर में साधु रहते हैं । एकांत में, सामान्य इंसान संगटन से दूर

our two greatest classical dramas : Tagore refers to Kalidas’s Abljnana Sakuntalam and Bhava bhuti’s Uttara-Ramacharitha, ఠాగూర్ కాళిదాస్ యొక్క అబ్లజ్ఞాన శాకుంతలం మరియు భవ భూతి యొక్క ఉత్తర రామచరితలను సూచిస్తాడు, गूर कालिदास के अभिज्ञान शाकुंतलम और भवभूति के उत्तर – राम चरित को सूचित करता है ।

permeated (v-pp)/ (ప(ర్)మిఎఇటిడ్) /’p3:mi.eɪt ɪ/ : spread; pervaded, వ్యాప్తి; వ్యాపించి ఉంది, व्याप्र

topographical (adj)/(ట్రాపగ్రాఫికల్ ) /tɒp.ǝ’græf.ɪ.kǝl/ : relating to the arrangement of the physical features of an area,
ఒక ప్రాంతం యొక్క భౌతిక లక్షణాల అమరికకు సంబంధించినది, किसीक्षेत्र की भौतिक विशेषताओं की व्यवस्था से संबंधित

resonant (adj) / (రెజనన్ ట్) ‘rez.ǝn.ǝnt/ : resounding, echoing, ప్రతిధ్వనించే, ప్రతిధ్వనించే गूँजनेवाला, गूँजनेवाला

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 9 The Religion of the Forest

indomitable (adj) / (ఇన్డెమిటబల్) / In’dɒm.ɪ.tə.bǝl/ : that cannot be overcome, defeated అది అధిగమించబడదు, ఓడిపోయింది जिसे दूर नहीं किया जा सकता, पराजित किया जासकता है

champing (v+ing-adj)/ (చ్యాంపింగ్) /tfæmpin/ : biting, chewing, eating noisily కొరికే, నమలడం, శబ్దంతో తినడం चबाना, शोर से खाना

mane (n) / (మెఇన్) / meɪn/ : longer hair growth on the back of the neck of animals like a horse or lion, గుర్రం లేదా సింహం వంటి జంతువుల మెడ వెనుక భాగంలో జుట్టు పొడవుగా పెరగడం, छोड़े या शेर जैसे जानवरों की गर्दन की पीठ पर लंबे बाला उगनां

antagonism (n)/ (యాంట్యాగనిజమ్) /æn’tæg.ən.ɪ.zəm : a strong natural dislike or hatred,antipathy బలమైన సహజ అయిష్టం లేదా ద్వేషం: వ్యతిరేకత एक मजबूत प्राकृतिक ना पसंदगी या नफरत

reconciliation (n)/ (రెకన్సిలిఎఇషన్) / rek.ǝnsɪl.i’eɪ.ʃǝn : the re-establishment of friendly relations స్నేహపూర్వక సంబంధాల పునఃస్థాపన मैत्रीपूर्ण संबंधों की बहाली

inimical (adj) / (ఇనిమికల్ ) / I’nɪm.ɪ.kǝl / : unfriendly, hostile, స్నేహపూర్వకంగా లేని, ప్రతికూలమైన, अमित्र, विरोधी

manifest (v) / (మ్యానిఫెస్ట్) /’mæn.ɪ.fest / : demonstrate, show clearly, ప్రదర్శించు, స్పష్టంగా చూపించు, प्रदर्शित करना, स्पष्ट रूप मे दिखाना

consciousness (n)/ (కొన్ షస్నస్) / ‘kɒn.ʃas.nas : awareness, the state of being awake to one’s surroundings, అవగాహన, ఒకరి పరిసరాల పట్ల మెలకువగా ఉండే స్థితి जागरूकता, अपने परिवेश के प्रति जागरूक होने की स्थिति

retreats (n-pl) / (రీట్రీట్స్) / rı’tri:ts : peaceful and quiet places affording privacy and security, గోప్యత మరియు భద్రతను కల్పించే శాంతియుత మరియు నిశ్శబ్ద ప్రదేశాలు

concourse (n) / (కొన్కో(ర్)స్) /’kɒŋ.kɔ:s / : a large group of people; a huge crowd the Chinese, the Hun, the Scythian(Shakas), names of races the Greek, the Roman, పెద్ద సమూహం; భారీ గుంపు చైనీస్, హున్, సిథియన్ (షకాస్), గ్రీకు, రోమన్ జాతుల పేర్లు लोगों का बड़ा समूह

Vikramaditya (prop n) : Emperor Chandragupta II (380-413 AD) చక్రవర్తి చంద్రగుప్త II (380-413 AD) కాదంబరి: బానాచే ఒక కవితా శృంగారం

Kadambari : a poetical romance by Bana, బానాచే ఒక కవితా శృంగారం

lianas (n-pl) li / (లియానాజ్)/ li’a:nə : creepers: woody climber tropical climates బానాచే ఒక కవితా శృంగారం, उष्ण कटिन धीया व्यकरवाघु में लकड़ी के पढकारे है ।

neophytes (n-pl)/ (నీఅఫైట్స్) /ni:ə.faɪts/ : beginners, novices, persons are new to a subject, ప్రారంభకులు, అనుభవం లేనివారు, వ్యక్తులు ఒక సబ్జెక్ట్ కి కొత్తవారు, एक विषय के लिए नए हैं

chasm (n)/ (క్యజమ్) : a gap, కేజం, ఖాళి, शुख आती, नौशिखिए, व्यक्ति जौ,

vortex (n)/ (వో(ర్)టెక్స్)/ ‘kaæz.əm : whirlwind, anything that inevitably draws surrounding things into fold, సుడిగాలి, అనివార్యంగా చుట్టుపక్కల వస్తువులను ముడుచుకునే ఏదైనా, कुछ भी जोअनिवार्य रूप से आसपास की चीजों को अपनी तह में खीच लेता है

trespasser (n) / (ట్రెస్పస(ర్) ‘tres.pə.sər / : one who comes into a place outsider, బయటి ప్రదేశానికి వచ్చేవాడు మృత్-శకటిక : శూద్రకు ఆపాదించబడిన నాటకం वह जो किसी स्थान पर बाहरी व्यक्ति के रूप में आता है

Mrit-Shakatika : a play ascribed to Shudraka శూద్రకు ఆపాదించబడిన నాటకం, शूदक का नाटक

reticence (n) / (రెటసన్స్)/ /’ret.ɪsəns/ : a silent and reserved nature, ఒక నిశ్శబ్ద మరియు రిజర్వు స్వభావం एक चुप और आरक्षित प्रकृति

voluptuous (adj) / (వలప్ చుఅస్) /və’lʌp.tʃu.əs/ : generous; attractive, ఉదారమైన; ఆకర్షణీయమైన, आकर्षक

glistening (v+ing) / (గ్లిసనింగ్)/ /’glɪs.ǝn ɪŋ/ : sparkling; reflecting light, మెరుపు; కాంతి ప్రతిబింబిస్తుంది, चमकदार : जगमगाता हुआ परावर्तक प्रकाश

serenity (n)/ (సరెనటి)/ sǝ’ri:n / : peacefulness; calmness, శాంతియుతత; ప్రశాంతత शांति, शांति

boisterous (adj) / (బొఇస్టరస్) ‘bɔɪ.stər.əs : full of energy, పూర్తి సామర్థ్యంతో, ऊर्जा से भरा हुआ

wooing (v+ing)/(పూ ఇంగ్)/wu: Iŋ : persuading the other to love ప్రేమించమని మరొకరిని ఒప్పించడం, दूसरे को प्यार करने के लिए राजी करना

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 9 The Religion of the Forest

vanquish (v)/(వ్యాంక్విష్) / ‘væn.kwɪʃ : defeat; conquer, ఓటమి; జయించు, हार, जीत

epicureans (n-pl) / (ఎపిక్యుఆరీఅన్ జ్) / ep.ɪ’kʊə.ri.əns : pleasure seekers, ఆనందం, కోరేవారు, सुख चाहने वाले

devastated (v-pt) / (డెవస్టెఇటిడ్) ‘dev.ə.steɪ.tɪd : attacked; destroyed, దాడి; ధ్వ౦సమైంది हमला किया, नष्ट किया

zenith (n)/ (జెనిత్)/’zen.ɪθ : the highest point, అత్యధిక పాయింట్, उच्चतम बिंदु

abyss (n)/(అబిస్) / ə’bɪs : bottomless pit; hell, అడుగులేని గొయ్యి; నరకం, अथाह गड्ढे, नरंक

devouring (v+ing-adj) / (డివౌఅరింగ్) / dɪ’vaʊa.riŋ : engulfing; absorbing, చుట్టుముట్టడం, గ్రహించుట, निगलना : प्रवशोषित करता

imminent (adj)/(ఇమినంట్) / ‘ɪm.ɪ.nǝnt / : about to happen : definite to occur, జరగబోతున్నది: ఖచ్చితంగా జరగాలి, होनेवाला – निशिचत रूप से घटित होता

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 8 Solution to Plastic Pollution

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 8th Lesson Solution to Plastic Pollution Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material 8th Lesson Solution to Plastic Pollution

Annotations (Section A, Q.No. 1, Marks: 4)
Annotate the following in about 100 words each.

a) He could easily be mistaken for a Sanskrit pundit if you heard him quote the holy text as a solution to any problem in the world.

Reference: These lines are taken from the internet-based article “Solution to Plastic Pollution”. Written by Dr R. Vasudevan’s.

Context: This shredded plastic waste is sprayed on the gravel heated up to 170°C. at this process the plastic melts and form a coat on the gravel. In the process no harmful gasses are released and it also solves two major problems like filling the gaps a tad retired roads and reduces plastic moulding bolection.

Meaning: He finds a solution in the Bhagavad Gita to any problem in the world. And he readily offers them to his students. He quotes liberally from the Gita. That gives one the impression that he is a Sanskrit scholar.

సూచన: ఈ పంక్తులు ఇంటర్నెట్ ఆధారిత వ్యాసం “ప్లాస్టిక్ కాలుష్యానికి పరిష్కారం” నుండి తీసుకోబడ్డాయి. డాక్టర్ ఆర్. వాసుదేవన్ రచించారు.

సందర్భ౦ : ఈ తురిమిన ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను 170°C వరకు వేడిచేసిన కంకరపై స్ప్రే చేస్తారు. ఈ ప్రక్రియలో ప్లాస్టిక్ కరిగి కంకరపై కోటు ఏర్పడుతుంది. ఈ ప్రక్రియలో ఎటువంటి హానికరమైన వాయువులు విడుదల చేయబడవు మరియు ఇది ఖాళీలను పూరించడం వంటి రెండు ప్రధాన సమస్యలను కూడా పరిష్కరిస్తుంది మరియు ప్లాస్టిక్ మౌల్డింగ్ బోలెక్షన్ను తగ్గిస్తుంది.

అర్థం: ప్రపంచంలోని ఏ స స్యకైనా భగవద్గీతలో పరిష్కారం కనుగొంటాడు. మరియు అతను వాటిని తన విద్యార్థులకు తక్షణమే అందిస్తాడు. అతను గీత నుండి ఉదారంగా కోట్ చేసాడు. దాంతో ఆయన సంస్కృత పండితుడు అనే భావన కలుగుతుంది.

b) One day your test will become the convention

Reference: These lines are taken from the internet-based article “Solution to Plastic Pollution”. Written by Dr R. Vasudevan’s.

Context: This crushed plastic waste is sprayed on stones that has been heated to 170°C. The plastic melts and forms a coat on the soft sand during this process. There are no harmful gases released during the process, and it also solves two major problems filling gaps in retired roads and reducing plastic sculpting bolection.

Meaning: He advocates that people sell their domestic plastic waste to junk dealers, as they do with their old newspapers, and not throw it in the bins. Segregation has to be carried out at various levels. Plastic waste ought to be collected from every private and public place and the SHGs could be involved in collecting, shredding and selling it to companies that lay roads.

సూచన : ఈ పంక్తులు ఇంటర్నెట్ ఆధారిత వ్యాసం “ప్లాస్టిక్ కాలుష్యానికి పరిష్కారం” నుండి తీసుకోబడ్డాయి. డాక్టర్ ఆర్. వాసుదేవన్ రచించారు.

సందర్భ౦ : ఈ పిండిచేసిన ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలు 170°C వరకు వేడి చేయబడిన రాళ్లపై స్ప్రే చేయబడతాయి: ఈ ప్రక్రియలో ప్లాస్టిక్ కరిగి మెత్తని ఇసుకపై ఒక కోటును ఏర్పరుస్తుంది. ప్రక్రియ సమయంలో ఎటువంటి హానికరమైన వాయువులు విడుదల చేయబడవు మరియు రిటైర్డ్ రోడ్లలో ఖాళీలను పూరించడం మరియు ప్లాస్టిక్ స్కల్డింగ్ బోలెక్షన్ తగ్గించడం వంటి రెండు ప్రధాన సమస్యలను కూడా ఇది పరిష్కరిస్తుంది.

అర్థం : ప్రజలు తమ పాత వార్తాపత్రికల మాదిరిగానే జంక్ డీలర్లకు తమ దేశీయ ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను విక్రయించాలని, వాటిని డబ్బాల్లో వేయవద్దని ఆయన వాదించారు. విభజనను వివిధ స్థాయిలలో నిర్వహించాలి. ప్రతి ప్రైవేట్ మరియు పబ్లిక్ ప్లేస్ నుండి ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను సేకరించాలి మరియు SHGలు వాటిని సేకరించడం, ముక్కలు చేయడం మరియు రోడ్లు వేసే కంపెనీలకు విక్రయించడంలో పాల్గొనవచ్చు.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 8 Solution to Plastic Pollution

c) “But I think it my duty to serve my country first and therefore, I gave it free to the Indian Government.”

Reference: These lines are taken from the internet-based article “Solution to Plastic Pollution”. Written by Dr R. Vasudevan’s.

Context: He uses granite and ceramic waste or industrial slug with waste plastic to make plastone. Each block measures two feet in length and one foot in width and consumes 300 carry bags and six PET bottles. The non-porous plastone can be used in flooring, for raising compound walls and as an effective liner for water bodies.

Meaning: The patented technology is now being used in the Netherlands, while he offers every innovation free to the Government of India. “his dream is to replace all existing and pot-holed roads in India with plastic-tar”.

సూచన : ఈ పంక్తులు ఇంటర్నెట్ ఆధారిత వ్యాసం “ప్లాస్టిక్ కాలుష్యానికి పరిష్కారం” నుండి తీసుకోబడ్డాయి. డాక్టర్ ఆర్. వాసుదేవన్ రచించారు.

సందర్భ౦ : అతను ప్లాస్టోన్ తయారు చేయడానికి గ్రానైట్ మరియు సిరామిక్ వ్యర్థాలను లేదా వ్యర్థ ప్లాస్టిక్తో పారిశ్రామిక స్లగ్్న ఉపయోగిస్తాడు. ప్రతి బ్లాక్ రెండు అడుగుల పొడవు మరియు ఒక అడుగు వెడల్పుతో కొలుస్తుంది మరియు 300 క్యారీ బ్యాగ్లు మరియు ఆరు PET బాటిళ్లను వినియోగిస్తుంది. నాన్-పోరస్ ప్లాస్టోన్ను ఫ్లోరింగ్, సమ్మేళనం గోడలను పెంచడానికి మరియు నీటి వనరులకు సమర్థవంతమైన లైనర్గా ఉపయోగించవచ్చు.

అర్థం : పేటెంట్ పొందిన సాంకేతికత ఇప్పుడు నెదర్లాండ్స్లో ఉపయోగించబడుతోంది, అయితే అతను ప్రతి ఆవిష్కరణను భారత ప్రభుత్వానికి ఉచితంగా అందిస్తున్నాడు. “భారతదేశంలో ప్రస్తుతం ఉన్న అన్ని రహదారులను ప్లాస్టిక్-తారుతో భర్తీ చేయాలనేది అతని కల”.

d) The plastic instantly melts and coats the gravel without releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere

Reference: These lines are taken from the internet-based article “Solution to Plastic Pollution”. Written by Dr R. Vasudevan’s.

Context: Plastic is a big problem in our country and world. But plastic is the only material which very uses full for the daily use purpose of every person.

Meaning: The implementation of plastics inroads also opens a new option for recycling post-consumer plastics. Australia, Indonesia, India, the United Kingdom, the United States, and many other countries have used technology that can incorporate plastic waste into an asphalt mix. The plastic waste items that can be used for road construction are various items like plastic carry bags, plastic cups, plastic packaging for potato chips, biscuits, chocolates, etc.

సూచన : ఈ పంక్తులు ఇంటర్నెట్ ఆధారిత వ్యాసం “ప్లాస్టిక్ కాలుష్యానికి పరిష్కారం” నుండి తీసుకోబడ్డాయి. డాక్టర్ ఆర్. వాసుదేవన్ రచించారు.

సందర్భ౦ : మన దేశంలో మరియు ప్రపంచంలో ప్లాస్టిక్ పెద్ద సమస్య. కానీ ప్రతి వ్యక్తి యొక్క రోజువారీ వినియోగ ప్రయోజనం కోసం పూర్తిగా ఉపయోగించే ఏకైక పదార్థం ప్లాస్టిక్.

అర్థం : ప్లాస్టిక్ ఇస్రోడ్సేన్ను అమలు చేయడం వల్ల పోస్ట్-కన్స్యూమర్ ప్లాస్టిక్లను రీసైక్లింగ్ చేయడానికి కొత్త ఎంపిక కూడా అందుబాటులోకి వస్తుంది. ఆస్ట్రేలియా, ఇండోనేషియా, భారతదేశం, యునైటెడ్ కింగ్ డమ్, యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్ మరియు అనేక ఇతర దేశాలు ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను తారు మిశ్రమంలో చేర్చగల సాంకేతికతను ఉపయోగించాయి. ప్లాస్టిక్ క్యారీ బ్యాగులు, ప్లాస్టిక్ కప్పులు, బంగాళాదుంప చిప్స్ కోసం ప్లాస్టిక్ ప్యాకేజింగ్, బిస్కెట్లు, చాక్లెట్లు మొదలైన వివిధ వస్తువులు రోడ్డు నిర్మాణానికి ఉపయోగించగల ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థ పదార్థాలు.

Paragraph Questions & Answers (Section A, Q.No.3, Marks: 4)
Answer the following Questions in about 100 words

a) Describe the department of Dr Vasudevan as the Professor of TCE. (Revision Test – III)
Answer:
Dr. Rajagopalan Vasudevan is an Indian scientist working mainly in waste management. Currently a professor in Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Dr. Vasudevan has developed an innovative method to reuse plastic waste to construct better, more durable and very cost-effective roads. This shredded plastic waste is sprayed on the gravel heated up to 170°C. at this process the plastic melts and form a coat on the gravel. In the process no harmful gasses are released and it also solves two major problems like filling the gaps a tad retired roads and reduces plastic molding bolection.He finds a solution in the Bhagavad Gita to any problem in the world. And he readily offers them to his students. He quotes liberally from the Gita. That gives one the impression that he is a Sanskrit scholar.

జవాబు : డా. రాజగోపాలన్ వాసుదేవన్ వ్యర్థాల నిర్వహణలో ప్రధానంగా పనిచేస్తున్న భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త. ప్రస్తుతం త్యాగరాజర్ కాలేజ్ ఆఫ్ ఇంజినీరింగ్లో ప్రొఫెసర్గా పనిచేస్తున్న డాక్టర్. వాసుదేవన్ మెరుగైన, మన్నికైన మరియు చాలా తక్కువ ఖర్చుతో కూడిన రహదారులను నిర్మించడానికి ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను తిరిగి ఉపయోగించేందుకు ఒక వినూత్న పద్ధతిని అభివృద్ధి చేశారు. ఈ తురిమిన ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను 170°C వరకు వేడిచేసిన కంకరపై స్ప్రే చేస్తారు. ఈ ప్రక్రియలో ప్లాస్టిక్ కరిగి కంకరపై కోటు ఏర్పడుతుంది. ఈ ప్రక్రియలో ఎటువంటి హానికరమైన వాయువులు విడుదల చేయబడవు మరియు ఇది ఖాళీలను పూరించడం వంటి రెండు ప్రధాన సమస్యలను కూడా పరిష్కరిస్తుంది మరియు ప్లాస్టిక్ మౌల్డింగ్ బోలెక్షన్ను తగ్గిస్తుంది.

అతను ప్రపంచంలోని ఏ సమస్యకైనా భగవద్గీతలో పరిష్కారాన్ని కనుగొంటాడు. మరియు అతను వాటిని తన విద్యార్థులకు తక్షణమే అందిస్తాడు. అతను గీత నుండి ఉదారంగా కోట్ చేసాడు. దాంతో ఆయన సంస్కృత పండితుడు అనే భావన కలుగుతుంది.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 8 Solution to Plastic Pollution

b) How did Dr Vasudevan experiment with plastic waste and what has been the result?
Answer:
Dr. Rajagopalan Vasudevan is an Indian scientist working mainly in waste management. Currently a professor in Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Dr. Vasudevan has developed an innovative method to reuse plastic waste to construct better, more durable and very cost-effective roads. He began a series of experiments in his workshop to discover effective disposal techniques. In a molten condition, he found that plastic had the property of an excellent binder.

Acting on the principle that like attracts like, Dr Vasudevan looked at another chemical of similar nature: bitumen, a black tarry substance that was being combined with gravel to lay roads. “Bitumen, a highly heterogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons is in effect, composed of polymerssimilar to plastic,” he says. When molten plastic was added to stone and bitumen mix, Dr Vasudevan found that, true to its nature, plastic stuck fast and bound both materials together.

జవాబు : డా. రాజగోపాలన్ వాసుదేవన్ వ్యర్థాల నిర్వహణలో ప్రధానంగా పనిచేస్తున్న భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త. ప్రస్తుతం త్యాగరాజర్ కాలేజ్ ఆఫ్ ఇంజినీరింగ్లో ప్రొఫెసర్ గా పనిచేస్తున్న డాక్టర్. వాసుదేవన్ మెరుగైన, మన్నికైన మరియు చాలా తక్కువ ఖర్చుతో కూడిన రహదారులను నిర్మించడానికి ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను తిరిగి ఉపయోగించేందుకు ఒక వినూత్న పద్దతిని అభివృద్ధి చేశారు. సమర్థవంతమైన పారవేసే పద్ధతులను కనుగొనడానికి అతను తన వర్క్షాప్లో వరుస ప్రయోగాలను ప్రారంభించాడు. కరిగిన స్థితిలో, ప్లాస్టిక్ అద్భుతమైన బైండర్ యొక్క ఆస్తిని కలిగి ఉందని అతను కనుగొన్నాడు. ఇష్టం ఆకర్షిస్తుంది అనే సూత్రం ప్రకారం, డాక్టర్ వాసుదేవన్ సారూప్య స్వభావం గల మరొక రసాయనాన్ని పరిశీలించారు: బిటుమెన్, రోడ్లు వేయడానికి కంకరతో కలిపిన నల్లటి తారు పదార్థం.

“బిటుమెన్, హైడ్రోకార్బన్ల యొక్క అత్యంత భిన్నమైన మిశ్రమం, ప్లాస్టిక్తో సమానమైన పాలిమర్లతో కూడి ఉంటుంది,” అని ఆయన చెప్పారు. కరిగిన ప్లాస్టిక్ను రాయి మరియు తారు మిశ్రమానికి జోడించినప్పుడు, దాని స్వభావానికి అనుగుణంగా, ప్లాస్టిక్ వేగంగా అతుక్కుపోయి రెండు పదార్థాలను ఒకదానితో ఒకటి బంధించిందని డాక్టర్ వాసుదేవన్ కనుగొన్నారు.

c) How did APJ Kalam encourage Dr vasudevan and what has been the outcome? (Revision Test – III)
Answer:
Dr. Rajagopalan Vasudevan is an Indian scientist working mainly in waste management. Currently a professor in Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Dr. Vasudevan has developed an innovative method to reuse plastic waste to construct better, more durable and very cost-effective roads. Vasudevan’s patented process involves drying and shredding discarded plastic packaging, thinner than 80 microns- made essentially of polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene-into 2 mm to 4 mm pieces. When sprinkled over gravel heated to 170°C, shredded plastic melts instantaneously. It coats the gravel, after which, bitumen is added and the mixture is ready for road laying.

For construction of a kilometer of road, the mixture uses a tonne of plastic, equivalent to 100,000 plastic carry bags. Plastic replaces a fraction of the costly bitumen in the road-laying mixture, cutting costs. “The cost of road laying is reduced to one-sixth as opposed to a conventional bitumen road,” Vasudevan says. “Waste plastic becomes an important resource again,” he emphasises. “It happened due to the blessings of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam,” he recalls, referring to the late Indian scientist who served as president from 2002 to 2007.

When Kalam visited Vasudevan’s college as a chief guest for a function in 2001, he was fascinated by Vasudevan’s idea and encouraged him to lay out the first stretch of road within college premises. With support from the college management, the job was done swiftly. “It’s been almost 20 years and that road still doesn’t have cracks or potholes,” Vasudevan says. “Dr. Kalam promoted the idea and became the biggest ambassador for my work.

జవాబు : డా. రాజగోపాలన్ వాసుదేవన్ వ్యర్థాల నిర్వహణలో ప్రధానంగా పనిచేస్తున్న భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త. ప్రస్తుతం త్యాగరాజర్ కాలేజ్ ఆఫ్ ఇంజినీరింగ్లో ప్రొఫెసర్ గా పనిచేస్తున్న డాక్టర్. వాసుదేవన్ మెరుగైన, మన్నికైన మరియు చాలా తక్కువ ఖర్చుతో కూడిన రహదారులను నిర్మించడానికి ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను తిరిగి ఉపయోగించేందుకు ఒక వినూత్న పద్ధతిని అభివృద్ధి చేశారు. వాసుదేవన్ యొక్క పేటెంట్ ప్రక్రియలో 80 మైక్రాన్ల కంటే సన్నగా ఉండే విస్మరించిన ప్లాస్టిక్ ప్యాకేజింగ్ను ఎండబెట్టడం మరియు ముక్కలు చేయడం- ముఖ్యంగా పాలిథిలిన్, పాలీప్రొఫైలిన్ మరియు పాలీస్టెరిన్లతో తయారు చేయబడింది-2 మిమీ నుండి 4 మిమీ వరకు ముక్కలు. 170°C వరకు వేడిచేసిన కంకరపై చల్లినప్పుడు, తురిమిన ప్లాస్టిక్ తక్షణమే కరిగిపోతుంది.

ఇది కంకరను పూస్తుంది, దాని తర్వాత, బిటుమెన్ జోడించబడుతుంది మరియు మిశ్రమం రోడ్డు వేయడానికి సిద్ధంగా ఉంటుంది. ఒక కిలోమీటరు రహదారి నిర్మాణం కోసం, మిశ్రమం ఒక టన్ను ప్లాస్టిక్ను ఉపయోగిస్తుంది, ఇది 100,000 ప్లాస్టిక్ క్యారీ బ్యాగ్లకు సమానం. రోడ్డు వేసే మిశ్రమంలో ఖరీదైన బిటుమెన్లో కొంత భాగాన్ని ప్లాస్టిక్ భర్తీ చేస్తుంది, ఖర్చులను తగ్గిస్తుంది. “సాంప్రదాయ బిటుమెన్ రోడ్డుకు భిన్నంగా రోడ్డు వేయడానికి అయ్యే ఖర్చు ఆరవ వంతుకు తగ్గించబడింది” అని వాసుదేవన్ చెప్పారు. “వ్యర్థ ప్లాస్టిక్ మళ్లీ ఒక ముఖ్యమైన వనరు అవుతుంది,” అని ఆయన నొక్కి చెప్పారు.

2002 నుండి 2007 వరకు రాష్ట్రపతిగా పనిచేసిన దివంగత భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్తను ప్రస్తావిస్తూ “డాక్టర్ APJ అబ్దుల్ కలాం ఆశీస్సుల వల్ల ఇది జరిగింది” అని ఆయన గుర్తు చేసుకున్నారు. 2001లో ఒక కార్యక్రమానికి ముఖ్య అతిథిగా కలాం వాసుదేవన్ కళాశాలను సందర్శించినప్పుడు, ఆయన వాసుదేవన్ ఆలోచనకు ఆకర్షితుడయ్యాడు మరియు కళాశాల ఆవరణలో మొదటి రహదారిని వేయమని ప్రోత్సహించాడు. కళాశాల యాజమాన్యం సహకారంతో పనులు వేగంగా పూర్తయ్యాయి. “దాదాపు 20 సంవత్సరాలు అయ్యింది మరియు ఆ రహదారికి ఇప్పటికీ పగుళ్లు లేదా గుంతలు లేవు” అని వాసుదేవన్ చెప్పారు. “డా. కలాం ఈ ఆలోచనను ప్రోత్సహించారు మరియు నా పనికి అతిపెద్ద రాయబారి అయ్యారు.

d) List the advantages of plastic roads as described by Dr Vasudevan.
Answer:
Dr. Rajagopalan Vasudevan is an Indian scientist working mainly in waste management. Currently a professor in Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Dr. Vasudevan has developed an innovative method to reuse plastic waste to construct better, more durable and very cost-effective roads. This road construction process is extremely eco-friendly, with no toxic gases being released.

This process has generated an additional job for rag pickers.
Plastic waste helps increase the strength of the road, reducing road fatigue.
These roads have better resistance towards rainwater and cold weather.
Since a large amount of plastic waste is required for a small stretch of road, the amount of waste plastic strewn around will definitely reduce.

A lightweight prefabricated construction.
Faster construction and less maintenance time.
Higher quality and a longer lifespan.
Little to no maintenance required. The material is virtually impervious to conditions
such as the weather and weeds.
The innovation is considerably more sustainable.

జవాబు : డా. రాజగోపాలన్ వాసుదేవన్ వ్యర్థాల నిర్వహణలో ప్రధానంగా పనిచేస్తున్న భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త. ప్రస్తుతం త్యాగరాజర్ కాలేజ్ ఆఫ్ ఇంజినీరింగ్లో ప్రొఫెసర్ గా పనిచేస్తున్న డాక్టర్. వాసుదేవన్ మెరుగైన, మన్నికైన మరియు చాలా తక్కువ ఖర్చుతో కూడిన రహదారులను నిర్మించడానికి ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను తిరిగి ఉపయోగించేందుకు ఒక వినూత్న పద్ధతిని అభివృద్ధి చేశారు. ఈ రహదారి నిర్మాణ ప్రక్రియ అత్యంత పర్యావరణ అనుకూలమైనది, ఎటువంటి విష వాయువులు విడుదల చేయబడవు.

  • ఈ ప్రక్రియ రాగ్ పికర్స్ కోసం అదనపు ఉద్యోగాన్ని సృష్టించింది.
  • ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలు రహదారి యొక్క బలాన్ని పెంచడంలో సహాయపడతాయి,రహదారి అలసటను తగ్గిస్తాయి.
  • ఈ రోడ్లు వర్షపు నీరు మరియు చల్లని వాతావరణానికి మెరుగైన నిరోధకతను కలిగి ఉంటాయి.
  • రోడ్డు యొక్క చిన్న విస్తీర్ణానికి పెద్ద మొత్తంలో ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలు అవసరం కాబట్టి, ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాల పరిమాణం ఖచ్చితంగా తగ్గుతుంది.
  • తేలికైన ముందుగా నిర్మించిన నిర్మాణం.
  • వేగవంతమైన నిర్మాణం మరియు తక్కువ నిర్వహణ సమయం.
  • అధిక నాణ్యత మరియు సుదీర్ఘ జీవితకాలం.
  • నిర్వహణ అవసరం లేదు. పదార్థం వాతావరణం మరియు కలుపు మొక్కలు వంటి పరిస్థితులకు వాస్తవంగా చొరబడదు. ఆవిష్కరణ గణనీయంగా మరింత స్థిరమైనది.

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 8 Solution to Plastic Pollution

Solution to Plastic Pollution Summary in English

About Author
TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 8 Solution to Plastic Pollution 1

(Adopted from the Internet)
Rajagopalan Vasudevan, is an Indian scientist who has worked mainly in waste management. He is currently a professor in Thiagarajar College of Engineering. [1] He developed an innovative method to reuse plastic waste to construct better, more durable and very cost-effective roads. He thought up the idea of shredding plastic waste, mixing it with bitumen and using the polymerized mix in road construction. This method will help in making roads much faster and also will save environment from dangerous plastic waste. He also visited Mahatma schools on 15 April 2008. The roads also show greater resistance to damages caused by heavy rains.[2][3][4][5] His road construction method is now widely used to construct roads in rural India.[6] He was awarded India’s fourth highest civilian honour Padma Shri in 2018.[7]

Dr. Rajagopalan Vasudevan is an Indian scientist working mainly in waste management. Currently a professor in Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Dr. Vasudevan has developed an innovative method to reuse plastic waste to construct better, more durable and very cost-effective roads.

Plastic waste helps increase the strength of the road, reducing road fatigue. These roads have better resistance towards rain water and cold weather. Since a large amount of plastic waste is required for a small stretch of road, the amount of waste plastic strewn around will definitely reduce.

Prof R Vasudevan’s inclination to keep experimenting led to another innovation. He decided to try creating a stone block with plastic coating and, in 2012, ‘plastone’ took birth. A plastone block is made from a mixture of waste plastic and stone. It has been found to withstand more pressure and it resists water percolation. In the professor’s department of chemistry they have made plastone blocks using granite and ceramic waste, along with plastic waste. Plastone can be used for flooring, especially outdoors. It can be a cheap and strong substitute for cement blocks, which have a tendency to wither away in constant rain. It can be an effective liner for water bodies, especially canals, preventing water seepage. can also be used to raise compound walls. A coat of emulsion can be provided to make it colorful and attractive.

Solution to Plastic Pollution Summary in Telugu

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

డా. రాజగోపాలన్ వాసుదేవన్ వ్యర్థాల నిర్వహణలో ప్రధానంగా పనిచేస్తున్న భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త. ప్రస్తుతం త్యాగరాజర్ కాలేజ్ ఆఫ్ ఇంజినీరింగ్ ప్రొఫెసర్ గా పనిచేస్తున్న డాక్టర్. వాసుదేవన్ మెరుగైన, మన్నికైన మరియు చాలా తక్కువ ఖర్చుతో కూడిన రహదారులను నిర్మించడానికి ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలను తిరిగి ఉపయోగించేందుకు ఒక వినూత్న పద్ధతిని అభివృద్ధి చేశారు.

ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలు రహదారి యొక్క బలాన్ని పెంచుతాయి, రహదారి అలసటను తగ్గిస్తాయి. ఈ రోడ్లు వర్షపు నీరు మరియు చల్లని వాతావరణానికి మెరుగైన నిరోధకతను కలిగి ఉంటాయి. ఒక చిన్న రహదారికి పెద్ద మొత్తంలో ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలు అవసరం కాబట్టి, ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాల పరిమాణం ఖచ్చితంగా తగ్గుతుంది.

ప్రొఫెసర్ ఆర్ వాసుదేవన్ ప్రయోగాలను కొనసాగించాలనే మొగ్గు మరొక ఆవిష్కరణకు దారితీసింది. అతను ప్లాస్టిక్ పూతతో రాయి బ్లాక్ను రూపొందించాలని నిర్ణయించుకున్నాడు మరియు 2012లో ‘ప్లాస్టోన్’ పుట్టింది. వ్యర్థ ప్లాస్టిక్ మరియు రాయి మిశ్రమం నుండి ప్లాస్టోన్ బ్లాక్ తయారు చేయబడింది. ఇది ఎక్కువ ఒత్తిడిని తట్టుకోగలదని మరియు నీటి ప్రవాహాన్ని నిరోధిస్తుంది. ప్రొఫెసర్ కెమిస్ట్రీ విభాగంలో వారు ప్లాస్టిక్ వ్యర్థాలతో పాటు గ్రానైట్ మరియు సిరామిక్ వ్యర్థాలను ఉపయోగించి ప్లాస్టోన్ బ్లాక్లను తయారు చేశారు. ముఖ్యంగా ఆరుబయట ఫ్లోరింగ్ కోసం ప్లాస్టోన్ ఉపయోగించవచ్చు. ఇది సిమెంట్ దిమ్మెలకు చౌకగా మరియు బలమైన ప్రత్యామ్నాయంగా ఉంటుంది, ఇవి స్థిరమైన వర్షంలో వాడిపోయే ధోరణిని కలిగి ఉంటాయి. ఇది నీటి వనరులకు, ప్రత్యేకించి కాలువలకు, నీటి ప్రవాహాన్ని నిరోధించడానికి సమర్థవంతమైన లైనర్ ఉంటుంది. కాంపౌండ్ గోడలను పెంచడానికి కూడా దీనిని ఉపయోగించవచ్చు. రంగురంగులగా మరియు ఆకర్షణీయంగా చేయడానికి ఒక కోటు ఎమల్షన్ అందించబడుతుంది.

Solution to Plastic Pollution Summary in Hindi

Note: This summary is only meant for Lesson Reference, not for examination purpose

डॉ. राजगोपालन वासुदेवन एक भारतीय वैज्ञानिक हैं, जो मुख्य रूप से अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन में कार्यरत हैं । वर्तमान में त्यागराजन कॉलेज ऑफ़ इंजीनियरिंग में प्रोफ़ेसर, डॉ. वासुदेवन के बेहतर, अधिक टिकाऊ और बहुत लागत प्रभावी सड़कों के निर्माण के लिए प्लास्टिक क्रचरे का पुनः उपयोग करने के लिए एक अभिनव तरीका विकसित किया है ।

प्लास्टिक कचरा सड़क की ताकत बढ़ाने में मदद करता है, सड़क की थकान को कम करता है । इन सड़कों में बारिश के पानी और ठंडे मौसम के प्रत्रि बेहतर प्रतिरोध है । चूकि सड़क के एक छोटे से हिस्से के लिए बड़ी मात्रा में प्लास्टिक कचरे की आवश्यकता होती है, इसलिए प्लास्टिक कचरे की मात्रा निश्चित रूप से काम हो जाएगी ।

प्रयोग करते रहनेवाले प्रोफ़ेसर आर वासुदेवन के रुझान ने एक और नवाचार को जन्म दिया । उन्होंने एक प्लास्टिक कोटिंग से पत्थर का ब्लाक बनाने की कोशिश करने का फैसला किया और 2012 में ‘प्लास्टोन’ ने जन्म लिया । प्लास्टिक और पत्थर के मिश्रमण से एक प्लास्टोन ब्लॉक बनाया जाता है । यह अधिक दबाव झोलने के लिए पाया गया है और यह पानी के रिसाव का प्रतिरोध करता है । प्रोफ़ेसर के रसायन विज्ञान विभाग में उन्होंने पतास्टिक कचरे के साथ – साथ ग्रेनाइट और सिरेमिक कचरे का उपयोग करके प्लास्टोन ब्लॉक बनाए हैं। खासकर आउटर डोर के फर्श के लिए प्लास्टोन का उपयोग किया जा सकता है।

वह सिमेंट ब्लॉकों के लिए एक सस्ता और मजबूत विकल्प हो सकता है, जिन में लगाकर बारिश में सूखने की प्रकृति होती है । यह जल निकायों, विशेष रूप से नहरों के लिए पानी के रिसाव को रोकने के लिए एक प्रभावी लाइनर हो सकता है । इसका उपयोग परिसर की दीवारों को बढ़ाने के लिए भी किया जासकता है । इसे रंगीन और आकर्षक बनाने के लिए इमल्शन का कोट दिया जा सकता है ।

Meanings and Explanations

strangled (v-pt) (స్ట్ర్యాన్ గ్ ల్ డ్)/’stræŋ.gǝld/ : choked: ఉక్కిరి బిక్కిరి చేయబడింది, गला घोंटना / घुटा हुआ

all-weather (adj) /ɔ:l-‘weð.ǝr/ : usable in all types of weather viz., winter, summer and rainy seas,on శీతాకాలం, వేసవి మరియు వర్షాకాలం అన్ని రకాల వాతావరణంలో ఉపయోగించవచ్చు, सभी प्रकार के मौसम जैसे सर्दी, गर्मी और बरसात के मौसम में प्रयोग करने योग्य

transition (n) (ట్యాన్ జిషన్)/træn’zıʃ.ən/ : the process of change: మార్పు ప్రక్రియ, परिवर्तन की प्रकिया

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 8 Solution to Plastic Pollution

treat (n) (ట్రీట్)/tri:t/ : something very pleasant, చాలా ఆహ్లాదకరమైనది, कुछ बहुत ही सुखद

sporting (v-pr.p)/(స్పో(ర్)టింగ్)/ ‘spɔ:tɪŋ/: wearing: ధరించడం, आकर्षक, प्रभावशाली, पहने हुए

striking (adj)/(స్ట్రెకింగ్)/’straɪ.kɪŋ : attractive; impressive : ఆకర్షనీయమైన, ఆకట్టుకునే, अत्यधिक

mesmerized (V-pp used as: dj)/ (మెజ్మరైజ్ డ్) /’mez.mə.raɪz / : hypnotized or absorbed immensely: హిప్నోటైజ్ చేయబడింది లేదా అపారంగా గ్రహించబడుతుంది सम्मोहित या अवशोषित

discourse (n)/(డిస్కో(ర్)స్)/dɪs.kɔ:s/ : serious or eloquent speech, తీవ్రమైన లేదా అనర్గళమైన ప్రసంగం, गंभीर या वाक्पटु भाषण

uninterrupted (adj) / అనింటరప్టిడ్ / ʌnɪn.tər’ʌp.tɪd: with no break, without obstructions: విరామం లేకుండా, అడ్డంకులు లేకుండా बिना किसी रुकावट के

patented (v – pt)/ (ప్యా టన్ టిడ్)/ ‘peɪtəntɪd/ : protected the rights: अधिकार रक्षित

a shot in the arm (idiom) : help or encouragement that is required, అవసరమైన సహాయం లేదా ప్రోత్సాహం, सहायता या प्रोत्साहन जो आवश्यक है

intact (adj)/(ఇంట్యాక్ట్)/ɪn’tækt/ : not damaged, aayesas क्षत्रिग्रस्त नहीं

bitumen (n)/(బిట్యామిన్)/’bit∫.ə.mən : road surfacing material; a sticky.mixture of hydrocarbons found in substances such as asphalt and tar.
రోడ్ సర్ఫేసింగ్ మెటీరియల్ ; తారు మరియు తారు వంటి పదార్థాలలో కనిపించే హైడ్రోకార్బన్ల జిగట మిశ్రమం.
रोड की ऊपरी परत की सामाग्री, डामर और टार जै से पदार्थों में पाए जानेवाले हाइड्रो कार्बन का एक चित चिता मिश्रण

potential (adj)/(పటెన్ షల్) / pəten.ʃəl/ : possible, సాధ్య౦, संभव

convention (n) / (కన్ వెన్షన్)/kən’ven.ʃən/ practice, procedure, custom, అభ్యాసం, విధానం, ఆచారం, అభ్యాసం, విధానం, ఆచారం, अभ्यास, प्रक्रिया, रिवाज

prophetic (adj) / (ప్రఫెటిక్) / prə’fetɪk/ : correctly predicting, సరిగ్గా అంచనా వేయడం, सही भविष्यवाणी

TS Inter 2nd Year English Study Material Chapter 8 Solution to Plastic Pollution

laments (v)/(లమె౦ టస్)/lə’ment/ : regrets, feels sad, bear the brunt of ( idiom ) receive the main force of something unpleasant, పశ్చాత్తాపపడుతుంది, విచారంగా అనిపిస్తుంది (ఇడియమ్) అసహ్యకరమైన వాటి యొక్క ప్రధాన శక్తిని స్వీకరించండి

litter (n)/(లిట(ర్)))/’lit.ər/ : garbage, rubbish, చెత్త, చెత్త

boast (v)/(ææ§)/bəust/ : to have something impressive and that one can feel proud of, ఆకట్టుకునే మరియు గర్వించదగినది కలిగి ఉండటం, कुछ अप्रिय की मुख्य शक्ति प्राप्त करता है
कुछ प्रभावशाली होना और जिस पर कोई गर्व महसूस कर सके ।

green chemistry/(గ్రీ:న్ కెమిస్ట్రీ) : chemistry that advocates protection of environment by all means,
అన్ని విధాలుగా పర్యావరణ పరిరక్షణను సూచించే రసాయన శాస్త్రం
रसायन विज्ञान जो हर तरह से पर्यारिण के संरक्षण की वकालता करता है

cold emulsion : emulsion processed at a low temperature తక్కువ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ప్రాసెస్ చేయబడిన ఎమల్షన్ कम तापमान पर संसाधित प्रयास

shredded (v-pp as adj) /(ష్రెడిడ్)/’ʃred.ɪd/ : torn; made into small pieces, చిరిగిన; చిన్న ముక్కలుగా చేసిన, फटाहुआ, छोटे टुकड़ों में बनाया गया

segregated (v-pp)/’seg.rɪ.geɪ.tɪd/ : separated, వేరు చేయబడింది, फटाहुआ, छोटे टुकड़ों में बनाया गया

permeation (n)/ (ప(ర్)మిఎషన్) / p3:.mi.eʃ.ən/: spreading, వ్యాప్తి చెందడం, अलग फैला रहा है

afoot (adj) / (అవుట్)/ə’fʊt/ : being planned; happening, ప్రణాళిక చేయబడింది; జరుగుతున్నది, हो रही है

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 7 Computerised Accounting System

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material 7th Lesson Computerised Accounting System Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material 7th Lesson Computerised Accounting System

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is Computerized Accounting?
Answer:

  1. Computerised Accounting is the maintaining of accounts through computers by use of special software.
  2. computerized accounting is an accounting system formed by computer (Automation) and accounting rules and procedures.
    Computerised accounting = Computer (Automation) + Accounting (Rules & Procedures)

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 7 Computerised Accounting System

Question 2.
What is the need for using Computerized Accounting?
Answer:

  1. Computerized accounting system provides various services to business concerns to meet all the purposes.
  2. A computerized accounting system automates the accounting process by improving efficiency and cutting down the cost.
  3. A computerized accounting system saves time, and effort, considerably reduces/ eliminates mathematical errors and allows for much more timely information.
  4. Data within the computerized accounting system is accurate and upto date. Management can request online report in real-time and make decisions more reliable and timely.

Question 3.
How can you say that computerized accounting Is useful than Manual Accounting?
Answer:
Computerized Accounting is more useful than manual accounting because it have unique features and several advantages over then manual accounting. They are:

  1. Fast, Simple and Integreated.
  2. Accuracy and error free.
  3. Reliability, scalability and security.
  4. Upto date information and helps to make Quick Decisions.

Question 4.
What is the Feature of Scalability?
Answer:

  1. Computerized Accounting has the flexibility to record transactions with the changing volume of business.
  2. Computerized Accounting is designed to meet the current and future needs of the companies irrespective of their size and style.

Question 5.
Write about the following features of Computerized Accounting.
Answer:
1. Total Visibility: Computerized Accounting provides enough time to plan to increase the customer base and enhance customer satisfaction. Companies will have greater visibility into the day-to-day business operations and access to very important information.

2. Supremacy: Computerized Accounting is capable of storing huge volumes of transactions with greater retrieval capacity and efficiency.

3. Accuracy and Spread: Computerized accounting has customized templates for users which allow fast and accurate data entry. Thus, after recording the transactions it generates the information and reports automatically and it is very simple to operate with a greater speed.

4. Simple and Integrated: Computerized Accounts helps all business by automating and integrating all business activities. Such activities may be sales, finance, purchase, inventory, and manufacturing etc. At also facilitates the arrangement of accurate and up-to-date business information in a readily usable form.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 7 Computerised Accounting System

Question 6.
Write any two of the limitations of Computerized Accounting.
Answer:
1. Cost of Training: The computerized accounting packages generally require specialized staff personnel. As a result, huge training costs are incurred to understand the use of hardware and software on a continuous basis because newer types of hardware and software are acquired to ensure efficient and effective use of computerized accounting systems.

2. Health Issues: The extensive use of computer systems may lead to the development of various health problems such as bad backs, eyestrain, muscular pains, etc. This affects adversely the working efficiency of accounting staff on one hand and increased medical expenditure on such staff.

Question 7.
Write any two of the differences between Manual and Computerized Accounting.
Answer:

Manual Accounting System Computerized Accounting System
1. Definition/Meaning: Manual Accounting is the system which physical register is maintained for keeping the records. In Computerized Accounting system where we use computer and different accounting software to maintained for digital records.
2. Measurements/Calculations:
All Calculations of adding, subtracting and balancing are done manually.
All the calculations are done by computer system.

Question 8.
What do you know about the following software?
Answer:
1. Profit Book:

  • This software offers complete inventory management and detailed tax reports that help in stabilized controlling of the business.
  • Whether, the firm is a manufacturing unit, wholesaler, or retailer, Profit Books offers a steady platform to track management process and file tax returns.
  • From managing income and expense statements to tracking the entire cash flow, Profit Books serve as the best accounting and inventory management solution.

2. Giddh:

  • It is an all-inclusive, modern accounting software in India, which uses local database and delivers custom reports for the successful growth of the business. The software is not only for financial management, but also deals in inventory, stock management and handles bank accounts with high-level security.
  • Giddh is GST compliance and delivers insight reports for better analysis of accounting stability. The software supports multi-currency features that enable to manage globalized departments form one place.

3. Vyapar:

  • This accounting software is a free platform that allows maintaining invoice, getting inventory records, managing books of accounts, and tracking daily business activities while focusing on business growth rate.
  • Since, most of the small sector business needs a digital upgrade, Vyapar acts as an effective solution.
  • Vyapar is GST compliant and allows error-free tax returns while eliminating errors occurred with manual calculations.
  • Vyapar takes-charge to control individual units of the business, creates customizable invoices, and automates payment reminders.

4. Logic:

  • It is an online accounting software in India that satisfies the demand of having a strategic ERP system in the accounting and financial module.
  • Logic is advanced computerized software that facilitates error-free financial management, budgeting and planning, assists forecasting, renders efficient performance analysis and integrates general ledger and accounting data.
  • Business management can hold cross-communication with different departments and facilitate collaborations across business delegates using comprehensive data offered by Logic.

5. myBooks:

  • This software is an excellent accounting solution for entrepreneurs, accountants, small IT and financial companies and free lancers. myBooks GST Accounting Software designed for all small business owner.
  • my books designed from the small business owners’ perspective, kept easy user experience as the central objective in designing product. So, there will not be any need for formed training.

6. Zoho Books:

  • This is popular online accounting software in India, which acts as an integrated platform for end-to-end financial solutions. Zoho Books is GST compliant, automates business workflow, and manages financial accounting and help in managing departments collectively from one single source.
  • Right from maintaining sales orders and invoicing, Zoho Books mundane GST invoices, bookkeeping, huge, ledgers, and various accounting tasks.
  • Zoho Books is feature-packed to manage cash receivables, payables, banking, inventory, timesheets, and business contacts and generate reports.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 7 Computerised Accounting System

Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain the importance of Computerized Accounting.
Answer:
A computerized accounting system is a system used by businesses for recording their financial information.
The importance of computerized accounting is given belows:
1) Time and Cost Savings: The use of computers makes in putting accounting information so simple. Business transactions are entered into the system and the system posts transactions accordingly. Thus, a computerized accounting system saves time and money,

2) Organization: A computerized accounting system help business to stay organized when information is entered into the system. It makes finding the information easy. Employees can see any financial information whenever it is needed.

3) Storage: In a Computerized accounting system data can be stored quickly after the information is entered into the system and the information is stored indefinitely. Companies perform backups on the system regularly to avoid loss of any information.

4) Distribution: Computerized accounting systems allows companies to distribute financial information easily. Financial statements are printed directly from the system and are distributed internally and externally to those needs the information.

5) Management Reports: Data within the computerized accounting system is accurate and up-to-date. Management can request online report in real-time and that makes management decisions more reliable and timely.

6) Regulatory Compliance: Reports are required on a regular basis from various government Agencies. A computer system can organize their data and reports to comply with these statutory requirements.

Question 2.
What are the features of Computerized Accounting?
Answer:
1) Accuracy and Speed: Computerized accounting has customized templates for users which allow fast and accurate data entry. Thus, after recording the transactions it generates the information and reports automatically and it is very simple to operate with a greater speed.

2) Quick Decision Making: This system generates real-time, comprehensive Management Information System (MIS) reports and ensures access to complete and critical information, instantly.

3) Scalability: It has the flexibility to record transactions with the changing volume of business. It is designed to meet the current and future needs of the companies irrespective of their size and style.

4) Security: Secured data and information can be kept confidential as compared to the „ . traditional accounting system.

5) Simple and Integrated: Computerized Accounting helps all businesses by automating and integrating all the business activities. Such activities may be sales, finance, purchase, inventory and manufacturing etc. it also facilitates the arrangement of accurate and up-to-date business information in a readily usable form.

6) Supremacy: Computerized Accounting is capable of storing huge volumes of transactions with greater retrieval capacity and efficiency.

Question 3.
Explain the five Advantages of Computerized Accounting.
Answer:
1) Accuracy: The possibility of error is eliminated in a computerized accounting system, because the primary accounting data is entered once for all the subsequent usage and processes in preparing the accounting reports.

2) Automation: Most of computerized accounting systems have standardized, user-defined formats of accounting reports that are generated automatically. The accounting reports such as Cash book, Trial balance, and Statement of accounts are obtained just by click of a mouse in a computerized accounting environment.

3) Efficiency: The computer-based accounting systems ensure better use of resources and time. This brings about efficiency in generating decisions, useful information and reports.

4) Management Information System Reports: The computerized accounting system facilitates the real-time production of management information reports, which will help management to monitor and control the business effectively.

Question 4.
Write any five limitations of Computerized Accounting.
Answer:
1) Cost of Training: The computerized accounting packages generally require specialized staff personnel. As a result, huge training costs are incurred to understand the use of hardware and software on a continuous basis because newer types of hardware and software are acquired to ensure efficient and effective use of computerized accounting systems.

2) Health Issues: The extensive use of computer systems may lead to development of various health problems such as bad backs, eyestrain, muscular pains, etc. This affects adversely the working efficiency of accounting staff on one hand and increased medical expenditure on such staff.

3) Reduction of Manpower: The introduction of computers in accounting work reduces the number of employees in an organization. Thus, it leads to greater amount of unemployment.

4) Security Issues: Computer-related crimes are difficult to detect. The alteration of records in a manual accounting system is easily detected. Fraud and embezzlement are usually committed on a computerized accounting system by alteration of data or programs. Hacking of passwords or user rights may change the accounting records.

5) Staff Resistance: Whenever the accounting system is computerized, there is a Significant degree of resistance from the existing accounting staff, partly because of the fear that they shall be made redundant and largely, because of the perception that they shall be less important to the organization.

6) System Failure: The danger of the system crashing due to hardware failures and the subsequent loss of work is a serious limitation of the computerized accounting system. Software damage and failure may occur due to attacks by viruses. No full proof solutions are available as of now to tackle the menace of attacks on software by viruses.

7) Unanticipated Errors: Since, the computers lack capability to judge, they cannot detect unanticipated errors as human beings commit.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 7 Computerised Accounting System

Question 5.
Explain the difference between Manual and a Computerized Accounting system.
Answer:

Basis Manual Accounting System Computerized Accounting System
Definition Manual Accounting is the system in which physical register of Journal and Ledger is maintained for keeping the records of each transaction. In this system of accounting, computer and different accounting software are maintained for digital record of each transaction.
Identification Based on application of Accounting Principles. Based on application of Accounting Principles software is designed.
Measurement All calculations of adding, subtracting and balancing are done manually. All the calculations are done by computer system.
Recording Recording of financial transac­tions is through Journal (book of original entry). Data content of these transactions is stored in well-designed database.
Adjustments Adjustment Entries are to be made in Journal and Ledger. We create Ledgers for adjustment record voucher entry.
Rectification of Errors Rectification of Errors requires recording of adjustment entries. Easy to rectify by deleting the wrong entry and record correct entry or correcting the figure.
Backup Incase of fire or other miship, it is not possible to backup and save the paper records, unless many copies of all pages are made and stored in different places. All transactions can be saved and backed up in Computerized Accounting.
Speed and Accuracy User can flip to the pages to the needed, and even spread the books out of a table if needed. Quicker as far as entering the transactions is concerned.

 

Question 6.
What are the different factors influencing the selection of Prepackaged Accounting Software?
Answer:
1) Cost of installation: The choice of the software obviously requires consideration of organization’s ability to afford the hardware and software. A simple guideline to take such a decision is the cost-benefit analysis of the available options and the financing opportunities available to the firm. Sometimes, certain software which appears cheap to buy, involve heavy maintenance and alternation costs.

2) Data Facility:The transfer of database to other systems or other software is sometimes expected from the accounting software. Organizations may need to transfer information directly from the ledger into spreadsheet software such as Lotus or Excel for more flexible reporting. The software should allow the hygienic, untouched data transfer.

3) Ease of Adaptation: The software consider must be capable of attracting users and, if it requires simple training, should be able to motivate its potential users.

4) An important consideration before sourcing accounting software is flexibility, viz., data entry and the availability and design of various reports expected from it. The user should be able to run the software on a variety of platforms and machines.

5) MIS Reports: The MIS reports and the degree to which they are used in the organization also determine the acquisition of software. For example, software that requires simply producing the final accounts or cashflow or ratio analysis may be ready-to-use software. However, the software, which is expected to produce cost records, needs to be customized as per user requirements.

6) Security Features: Another consideration before buying accounting software is the security features, which prevent unauthorized personnel from accessing and/or manipulating data in the accounting system.

7) Size of Organisation: The size of the organization and the volume of business transactions do affect the software choices. Small organizations, e.g., in non-profit organizations, where the number of accounting transactions are not so large, may opt for simple, single-user operated software. While, a large organization may require sophisticated software to meet the multiuser requirements, geographically scattered and connected through complex networks.

8) Vendors Reputation: Another important consideration is the reputation and capability of the vendor. This depends upon how long has been the vendor is in business of software development, whether there are other users of the software.

Question 7.
Explain the types of Accounting Packages.
Answer:
Every Computerized Accounting System is implemented to perform the accounting activity. Accounting Software is are an integral part of the computerized accounting system such as recording and storing of accounting data and generate reports as per the requirements of the user. As per this, accounting software is classified into three categories. They are:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 7 Computerised Accounting System 1
1) Read-to-Use Software:

  1. This software is suited for organizations running small or conventional business where the frequency or volume of accounting transactions is very low.
  2. The cost of installation is low and number of users is limited. It is relatively easier to learn and accountant adaptability is very high.
  3. This implies that level of secrecy is relatively low and the software is prone to data frauds. The training needs are simple and sometimes the supplier of software offers the training on the software free.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 7 Computerised Accounting System

2) Customized Software:

  1. This may be customized to meet the special requirement of the business orginizations. Customized software is suited for medium businesses and can be linked to the other information systems.
  2. The cost of installation and maintenances is relatively high because the high cost is to be paid to the vendor for customization.
  3. Secrecy of data and software can be better maintained in this software.

3) Tailored Software:

  1. The accounting software is generally tailored in large business organizations such as multi-national companies with multi-users and geographically scattered locations.
  2. This software requires specialized training to the users.
  3. The secrecy and authenticity checks are robust in such type of software and they offer high flexibility in terms of number of users.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material 6th Lesson Retirement and Death of a Partner Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material 6th Lesson Retirement and Death of a Partner

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
State how a partner may retire from partnership firm.
Answer:
1. An existing partner may retire from a firm due to many factors such as old age, better business prospects elsewhere, differences with other partners, health problems etc.

2. According to Section 32(i) of the partnership Act 1932, a partner may retire
a) With the consent of all other partners,
b) In accordance with an express agreement with the partners.
c) By circulating a written notice among other partners, incase of partnership will.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 2.
What is Ratio of Gaining?
Answer:

  1. The ratio at which the share of retiring partner is taken by the continuing partners is called Ratio of Gaining.
  2. Ratio of Gaining = New Profit sharing Ratio – Old profit sharing ratio

Question 3.
Why ratio of gaining is to be ascertained?
Answer:

  1. Calculation of ratio of gaining is very important because, the share of goodwill to be paid to the retiring partner, shall be contributed by the remaining partners in their respective share of gaining.
  2. The more the gain, the more the goodwill, one has to contribute. The less the gain, the less the goodwill one has to contribute.

Question 4.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3: 2: 2. Calculate new profit sharing of;
a) X and Y if Z retires from the business.
b) Y and Z if X retires from the business.
c) X and Z if Y retires from the business.
Answer:
XYZ profit & loss ratio = 3:2:2
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 1

Question 5.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits and losses equally. Mr. C retires from the business A and B decided to continue the business and sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3: 2 respectively. Calculate the ratio of gaining of A and B.
Answer:
AB & C profit sharing ratio = 1:1:1
A & B new profit sharing ratio = 3:2
Ratio of Gaining = New Ratio – Old ratio.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 2

Question 6.
P, Q and R are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4: 3: 2 respectively. R retires from the business and his share is purchased by P and Q in the ratio of 2:1. Calculate New Profit sharing ratio of P and Q.
Answer:
P, Q, R old profit sharing ratio = 4:3:2 i.e., 4/9: 3/9: 2/9
R’s share of profit 2/9 being purchased by
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 3
New profit sharing ratio of P = P’s old share + proportion of R’s share purchased
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 4
New profit sharing ratio of Q = Q’s old share + proportion of R’s share purchased
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 5
The new profit sharing ratio of P & Q is 16/27: 11/27 (or) 16: 11.

Question 7.
Ram, Rahim and Akbar are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3: 2: 3 respectively. Akbar retires from the business and Rahim purchased the share of Akbar. Calculate new profit sharing ratio of Ram and Rahim.
Answer:
Ram, Rahim and Akbar profit sharing ratio = 3:2:1 (or) 3/6: 2/6: 1/6
Rahim purchased Akbar shares then
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 6
Ram: Rahim New Profit sharing Ratio = 3/6: 3/6 = 3: 3 = 1: 1.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 8.
X, Y and Z are partners with profit sharing ratio of 5: 4: 3 respectively. Z retires from the business. X and Y decided to share future profits in the ratio of 3: 2. Calculate the ratio of gaining of X and Y.
Answer:
X, Y and Z profit sharing ratio = 5:4:3
X and Y new (future) profit ratio = 3:2
Gaining ratio = New ratio – Old ratio.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 7

Question 9.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits and losses at the ratio of 5: 4: 3 respectively. C retires from business. A and B decided to continue the business and sharing future profits in the ratio of 4: 3. Calculate the ratio of gaining of A and B.
Answer:
A, B and C profit sharing ratio = 5:4:3
A and B new (future) profit ratio = 4:3
Gaining ratio = New ratio – Old ratio.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 8

Question 10.
Sitha, Geetha and Savitha are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4: 3: 2 respectively. Savitha retired from the business. The value of goodwill is estimated at Rs. 72,000. There is no goodwill balance in the books. Create/Raise goodwill account in the books.
Answer:
Sitha, Geetha and Savitha profit sharing ratio = 4:3:2
When the Goodwill raised worth Rs. 72,000.
Journal entry when goodwill is raised:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 9
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 10

Question 11.
Vani, Rani, Radha are partners sharing profits and losses equally. Radha retires from the business. Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 40,000. Goodwill account showing a balance of Rs. 10,000 in the books. The pass journal entry to raise goodwill in the books.
[Hint: Goodwill to be created is Rs. 30,000 only as goodwill existing in the books is Rs. 10,000].
Answer:
Journal entries when goodwill is raised:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 11

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 12.
Ramesh, Suresh and Rajesh are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1 respectively. Suresh retires from the business. Ramesh and Rajesh decided to continue the business and share future profits in the ratio of 3: 2, goodwill of the firm valued at Rs. 60,000. Give necessary journal entries to create and writeoff goodwill.
Answer:
Journal Entries when goodwill is raised and written-off
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 12
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 13

Question 13.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses equally. Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 45,000. X retires from the business. Y and Z divided to continue the business by sharing future profits and losses in the ratio of 3: 2 respectively. Give necessary journal entries without raising goodwill account.
Answer:
X, Y, Z’s old profit sharing ratio =1:1:1
Y and Z new profit sharing ratio = 3:2
Ratio of gaining = New ratio – Old ratio
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 14
Goodwill of the firm is Rs. 45,000
The share of goodwill payable to ‘X’ is 45,000 x 1/3 = 15,000 Rs. 15,000 payable to ‘X’ will be contributed by Y and Z in their ratio of gaining 4:1.

Journal Entries without raising Goodwill account
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 15

Question 14.
What is joint Life policy?
Answer:
On death of a partner, firm has to pay huge amount of cash to the executors of the deceased partner. This may adversely affect the resources of the firm. To over come this problem, firm may take a insurance policy as the live of the partners to guarclthe risk. This insurance policy is known as Joint Life Policy.

In the event of death of any partner, the insurance company pays the sum assured to the firm. In this way the firm add comes the problem of setting the amount due to the decreased partner.

Question 15.
How do you ascertain share of profit/loss payable to deceased partner?
Answer:

  1. Share of profit/loss payable to deceased partner is ascertain till the date of his/her death during the current financial year.
  2. Partnership deed contains a provisions for ascertainment of profit in the event of death of partner.
  3. Accordingly, the share of profit/loss of deceased partner will be ascertained and paid to legal representatives of deceased partner along with another amount due.

Question 16.
What are the amounts payable to deceased partner?
Answer:
The amount payable to deceased partner includes:

  1. Capital contributed.
  2. Share in undistributed profits/losses.
  3. Share in accumulated reserves.
  4. Share in the goodwill of the firm.
  5. Share in profit/loss on revaluation of Assets and Liabilities.
  6. Share in profit/loss of the business till the date of death.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 17.
State the methods of accounting for payment of share of profit to deceased partner.
Answer:
After ascertaining the profit, there are two ways of recording the profit ascertained till the date of death.

1. Distribute the profit among all the partners in their respective old profit-sharing ratio.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 16
2. Record the share of profit payable to decreased partner only in such a case the journal entry is
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 17
3. Sometimes, the continuing partners, instead of debiting to profit and loss a/c. They may contribute the share of profit of decreased partner by debiting to their capital accounts in their gaining ratio.
The entry is —> TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 18

Textual Problems

When Goodwill is created / Raised:

Question 1.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31 March 2020 was as under;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 19
On the above date, Z retires from the business on the following conditions;
a) Stock and Machinery to be depreciated by 10%.
b) Provided for bad debts @ 5% on debtors.
c) Land revalued at Rs. 35,000.
d) Goodwill of the firm valued at Rs. 60,000.
Give necessary journal entries, ledger accounts and opening balance sheet of X and Y.
Answer:
Journal entries in the books of X, Y, Z partnership firm.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 20
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 21
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 22
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 23

X and Y Balance Sheet as on 31 – 3 – 2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 24
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 25

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 2.
X and Y are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3: 2. Their balance sheet as on 31 March, 2020 was as follows;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 26
X retires from the business on the following terms:
a) Goodwill is valued at Rs. 20,000.
b) Depreciate stock and machinery by 10%.
c) Provide for bad debts at 6%.
d) Buildings are valued at Rs. 35,000.
Give Journal entries, necessary Ledger accounts and the Balance sheet.
Answer:
Journal entries in the books of X, Y, Z partnership firm.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 27
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 28
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 29
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 30
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 31
Balance Sheet of Y as on 31 – 3 – 2015
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 32

Question 3.
S, P and G were partners sharing profits and loss in the ratio of 4: 3: 3. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2020 was as under;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 33
G Retires from the business on the following terms:
a) Buildings valued at Rs. 1,30,000.
b) Depreciate Furniture and Machinery by 10%.
c) Provide for bad debts at Rs. 1,600.
d) Creditors Rs. 6,000 need not be paid.
e) Goodwill valued at Rs. 27,000.
f) G will be paid Rs. 17,700 immediately and the balance is transferred to his loan account. Give journal entries, ledger accounts and balance sheet of S and R
Answer:
Journal entries in the books of S, P & G Partnership firm.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 34
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 35
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 36
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 37
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 38
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 39
Balance Sheet of ‘S’ and P’ as on 31.3.2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 40

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 4.
Ajay, Vijay and Vinay were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. Their balance sheet as on 31 March, 2020 was as under.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 41
Vinay retires on the above date on the following conditions:
a) Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 50,000.
b) Appreciate buildings by 20%.
c) Create a provision for bad debts at Rs. 1,000.
d) Depreciate plant and machinery by 10%.
e) Ajay and Vijay bring in cash Rs. 25,500 and Rs. 19,300 towards additional capital to pay the amount due to retiring partner Vinay.
Give journal entries and necessary ledger accounts and balance sheet of a new firm.
Answer:
Journal entries in the books of Ajay, Vijay and Vinay partnership firm.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 42
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 43
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 44
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 45

Ajay, Vijay Balance Sheet as on 31-3-2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 46

Question 5.
Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswathi are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31st March 2019 was under.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 47
Saraswathi retired from the business on the following conditions:
a) Depreciate machinery by 10% and furniture by 15%.
b) Stock to be appreciated by 20%.
c) Buildings are to be appreciated by 10%.
d) Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 36,000.
Write up necessary Journal entries, ledger accounts and balance sheet of new firm.
Answer:
Journal entries in the books of Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswathi partnership firm.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 48
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 49
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 50
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 51
Ganga and Yamuna balance sheet as on 31-3-2019
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 52

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 6.
Kamala, Amala and Vimala were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5: 3: 2 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2020 was given below;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 53
On the above date Vimala retired from the business on the following terms:
a) Appreciate Machinery by 20%.
b) Provide for Bad Debts @ 5% on debtors.
c) Stock to be depreciated by Rs. 6,000.
d) Goodwill is valued at Rs. 20,000.
e) Amount payable to Vimala transferred to her loan a/c.
Prepare necessary ledger accounts and balance sheet of Kamala and Amala.
Answer:
Ledger a/c’s in the books of Kamala, Amala and Vimala
Partnership firm as on 31-3-2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 54
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 55
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 56

Question 7.
K, S and N are sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4: 3: 2 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31 March 2020 was as under;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 57
On 31st March 2020, N retires from the business on the following conditions:
a) Buildings are revalued at Rs. 60,000.
b) Provide for bad debts Rs. 3,000.
c) Stock to be depreciated by Rs. 2,500.
d) Goodwill is valued at Rs. 27,000.
The amount payable to N transferred to N’s Loan account by carrying 10% Interest per annum.
Prepare necessary ledger accounts and balance sheet of a new firm.
Answer:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 58
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 59
K, S Balance Sheet as on 31 – 3 – 2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 60

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 8.
X, Y and Z are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31 March, 2020 was as under;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 61
On the above date Mr. Z decided to retire from the business on the following terms:
a) The assets are to be revalued as under;
Stock Rs. 15,000; Furniture Rs. 18,000; Machinery Rs. 25,000.
b) Goodwill of the firm valued at Rs. 30,000.
Give necessary ledger accounts and balance sheet of X and Y.
Answer:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 62
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 63
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 64

When Goodwill is created and written off:

Question 9.
Dravid, Ganguly and Sachin are partners sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2020 was as under:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 65
On the above date Dravid decided to retire from the business on the following terms.
a) Fixed assets are revalued at Rs. 80,000.
b) Create a provision for bad debts @ 6% on debtors.
c) Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 45,000 and it is decided to writen off immediately.
d) Ganguly and Sachin will share future profits in the ratio of 3: 2 respectively.
Give necessary journal entries and ledger accounts and balance sheet of new firm.
Answer:
Journal entries in the books of Dravid, Ganguly and Sachin partnership firm.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 66
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 67
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 68
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 69

Ganguly and Sachin Balance sheet as on 31-3-2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 70

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 10.
P, Q and R are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2: 1: 1 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31st March 2020 is as follows;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 71
On the above date Mr. R decides to retire from the business on the following terms;
a) Goodwill of the firm is to be valued at Rs. 20,000 and written off completely after the retirement of R.
b) Stock to be depreciated by 5% and Furniture by 10%.
c) Buildings valued at Rs. 43,000.
d) The amount payable to R is to be transferred to his loan a/c by carrying 6% interest per annum.
e) P and Q share the future profits in the ratio of 3: 2 respectively.
Give necessary ledger accounts and balance sheet of new firm.
Answer:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 72
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 73
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 74
PQ Balance Sheet as on 31-3-2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 75

Question 11.
Raju, Rani and Prince are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of their capitals. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2020 was as under.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 76
On the above date Rani retired from the business and Raju, Prince decided to continue the business sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3: 2 respectively. The following are agreed;
a) Value of buildings to be appreciated by Rs. 10,000.
b) Depreciate machinery by Rs. 5,000 and stock by Rs. 2,000.
c) Goodwill of the firm valued at Rs. 10,000 and decided to write off immediately.
d) The amount due to Rani is to be transferred to her loan a/c by carrying 10% interest per annum.
Give necessary ledger accounts and balance sheet.
Answer:
Raju, Rani, Prince profit sharing ratio 50,000: 30,000: 20,000 5:3:2
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 77
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 78
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 79
Raju and Prince Balance Sheet as on 31-3-2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 80

Question 12.
Harish, Sathish and Mahesh are partners sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31 March 2020 was as under;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 81
On the above date Mahesh retired from the business on the following terms;
a) Land is valued at Rs. 38,000.
b) Depreciate machinery by Rs. 5,000 and Stock by Rs. 2,000.
c) Goodwill of the firm valued at Rs. 24,000 and decided to give the Mahesh’s share of goodwill without raising goodwill in the books.
d) Harish and Sathish share future profits in the ratio of 2: 3 respectively.
Give necessary journal entries and ledger accounts and balance sheet.
Hint: Goodwill payable to retiring partner is Rs. 8,000, contributed in the ratio of gaining i.e., 1:4 between Harish and Sathish.
Answer:
Journal entries in the books of Harish, Sathish and Mahesh partnership firm as on 31-3 2020.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 82
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 83
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 84
Working Notes:
Calculation of Gaining Ratio = (New Ratio – Old Ratio)
Old ratio 1:1:1
Harish, Satish new Raju 2:3.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 85
Gaining ratio =1:4.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 86
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 87
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 88
Harish and Sathish Balance Sheet as on 31-3-2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 89

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 13.
Sit Chandra, Bhaskar; Rah a are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio oRs. 3:2: 1 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2013 IMS as under ;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 90
On the above date Raghu retired from the business on the following’ conditions:
a) Fixed assets are revalued at Rs. 42,000.
b) Depreciate stock by Rs. 1,700.
c) Provide for Bad Debts Rs. 700.
d) Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 18,000. The share of goodwill payable to Raghu will be contributed by continuing partners without raising goodwill account.
e) Ratio of gaining of Chandra and Bhaskar is 1:1 respectively.
Show necessary ledger accounts and balance sheet of Chandra and Bhaskar.
[Hint: Raghu’s share of goodwill Rs. 3,000 contributed by Chandra and Bhaskar in their ratio of gaining i.e., 1: 1 i.e., Rs. 1,500 each]
Answer:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 91
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 92
Chandra and Bhaskar Balance sheet as on 31-3-2015
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 93
Working Note:
Value of Goodwill of the firm is Rs. 18,000
Raghu’s Share in Goodwill = 18,000 x 1/6 = 3,000
Raghu’s share of goodwill Rs. 3,000 is contributed by Chandra and Bhaskar in ratio of gaining i.e., 1: 1 i.e., Rs. 1,500 each.

Question 14.
Star, Sun and Moon are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5: 3: 2 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31st March 2020 was as under;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 94
Moon retired from the business on the above date with the following terms;
a) Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 20,000 and it is decided not to raise goodwill account in the books.
b) Buildings revalued at Rs. 42,000.
c) Provide for bad debts @ 5% on debtors.
d) Trade creditors Rs. 1,000 need not be paid.
e) Star and Sun share future profits equally.
f) Amount due to Moon will be transferred to his loan account with 12% interest per annum.
Prepare necessary ledger accounts and Balance sheet of new firm.
[Hint: On retirement of Moon, Sun alone gaining star is not gaining anything. So, the share of goodwill of Moon Rs. 4,000 given by Sun only.
Answer:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 95
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 96
Working Mole:
Calculation of Gaining ratio of star & sun (New ratio – old ratio)
Old Ratio = 5:3:2, New 1: 1
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 97
Gaining ratio = 0:2 (Means star not gaining anything) So, total share of moon is contributed by sun.

Star and Sun Balance Sheet as an 31-3-2015
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 98

Textual Examples

Question 1.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1 respectively the find out the new profit shaiiag ratio in the case of;
a) X retires from the business.
b) Y retires from the business.
c) Z retires from the business.
Answer:
The old profit sharing ratio of X, Y and Z is 3:2:1 respectively.
a) If X retires from the business, Y and Z share the profits in the ratio of 2:1 i.e., 2/3 and 1/3
b) If Y retires from business X and Z share the profits in the ratio of 3:1 respectively i.e., 3/4 and 1/4.
c) If Z retires from the business, X and Y share the profits in the ratio of 3: 2 respectively, i.e., 3/5 and 2/5 respectively.

Question 2.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:1:1 respectively. Mr. C retires from the business. Calculate new profit sharing ratio of A and B.
Answer:
Elimination Method:
The old profit sharing ratio of A, B and C is 2:1:1.
Eliminate C’s share of profit from old profit sharing ratio.
The new profit sharing ratio of continuing partners A and B is 2:1 respectively i.e., 2/3: 1/3.
Alternative Method:
Alternatively, the new profit-sharing ratio may be calculated as follows:
Profit sharing ratio of A, B and C is 2:1:1 respectively = 2/4: 1/4: 1/4.
Retiring partner C’s share is 1/4.
Retiring partner’s share is acquired in the old ratio by A and B i.e., 2:1. This is also called gaining ratio.
Gaining ratio of A and B is 2:1 (or) 2/3: 1/3.
Gaining ratio = Retiring partners share x Partners gaining ratio.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 99
New profit sharing ratio = Old share + Share gained
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 100

Question 3.
P, Q and R partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:4:3 respectively. R Retires from the business and his share of profit purchased by P and Q in the ratio of 2:1 respectively. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio of P and Q,
Answer:
Old profit sharing ratio of P, Q and R is 5:4:3 = 5/12: 4/12: 3/12
R’s share of profit 3/12 being purchased by P and Q in the ratio of 2:1 = 2/3 : 1/3 respectively.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 101

New profit sharing ratio of P = P’s old share + proportion of R’s share purchased
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 102

New profit sharing ratio Q = Q’s old share + proportion of R’s share purchased
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 103

The new profit-sharing ratio of P and Q is 7:5 respectively i.e., 7/12 and 5/12.

Question 4.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:4:3 respectively. Mr. X retires from the business. Y and Z share future profits in the ratio of 3:2. respectively. Calculate the ratio of gaining.
Answer:
Ratio of gaining = New profit sharing ratio – Old profit sharing ratio
Old ratio of X, Y and Z is 2:4:3.
New ratio of Y and Z is 3:2.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 104

Question 5.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2 respectively. C retires from the business. Calculate ratio of gaining and new profit Sharing ratio of A and B.
Answer:
In this problem, new profit sharing ratio is not given. Hence, after eliminating C’s share of profit from old ratio, whatever that is left will be the new profit sharing ratio of A and B. Old ratio, of A, B and C is 5:3:2
New ratio of A and B is 5:3 i.e., 5/8 and 3/8 (C’s share eliminated).
In the absence of new ratio given in the problem, the continuing partners gain in the same ratio in which, they were sharing earlier. Even, it is calculated it will be the same.
Ratio of gaining = New ratio – Old ratio
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 105
The ratio of gain between A and B is 5:3 respectively.
In other words, the continuing partners are gaining in the same ratio in which they are sharing profits earlier after eliminating C’s share.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 6.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits or losses in the ratio of 4:2:2. Mr. Z retires from the business. X and Y will gain in the ratio of 7:3 respectively. Calculate new profit sharing ratio of X and Y.
Answer:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 106
New profit sharing ratio of X and Y is 27/40 and 13/40 = 27 : 13 respectively.

Question 7.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses in the the ratio of 3:2:1. Goodwill Of the firm is valued at Rs. 60,000. Mr. Z retires from the business, X & Y decided to continue the business shearing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2 respectively
Give journal entries and prepare the goodwill account when;
a) Goodwill is raised in the books for full value.
b) Goodwill is raised and writtenoff in the books.
Answer:
a) Journal entries when goodwill is raised
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 107
Note: In this case, goodwill appear at Rs. 60,000 on the assets side of the balance sheet of new firm.
b) Journal Entries when goodwill is raised and writtenoff.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 108
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 109
Note: In this case, the goodwill account is closed, so it will not appear in balance sheet of new firm in which X and Y are partners.

Question 8.
A, B and C are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:1:1 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31-3-2020 was as under;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 110
On the above date Mr. C retired from the business. The following are agreed among partners;
a) Machinery revalued at Rs. 23,000 and Buildings at Rs. 40,000.
b) Depreciate furniture by 10%.
c) Outstanding expenses Rs. 1,000 need not be paid.
d) Goodwill of the firm valued at Rs. 20,000.
e) A should bring Rs. 20,000 and B Rs. 10,000 as additional capital to pay the amount due to retiring partner, Mr. C.
Give journal entries and necessary ledger accounts and new balance sheet.
Answer:
Journal Entries
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 111
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 112
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 113
Ledger Accounts:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 114
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 115
Balance Sheet of A and B as on 31-03-2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 116

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 9.
Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswathi are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:2 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31 March 2020 was under.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 117
On the above date Saraswathi retired from the business. Ganga and Yamuna decided to continue the business. The following were agreed among partners;
a) Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 56,000.
b) Stock and Motor car to be depreciated by 10%.
c) Provide for bad debts Rs. 1,000.
d) Buildings appreciated byl5%.
e) Trade creditors reduced by Rs. 300.
It is decided to pay Rs. 18,800 to Saraswathi and transfer the balance in her capital account to her loan account.
Give necessary Journal entries and ledger accounts and opening balance sheet of Ganga and Yamuna.
Answer:
Journal entries
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 118
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 119
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 120
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 121
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 122
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 123
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 124
Note: Goodwill created in the books. Hence, it appears on assets side of the balance sheet.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 10.
Ram, Rahim and Robert are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:1:2 respectively. The following is the balance sheet as on 31 March 2020.
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 125
Mr. Rahim Retires on the above date on the following conditions;
a) Goodwill of the firm be valued at Rs. 45,000.
b) Provision for bad debts not necessary.
c) An outstanding liability in respect of workmen compensation Rs. 2,500 to be brought into books.
d) Patents have no value.
e) Stock to be appreciated by Rs. 2,490.
f) Buildings be appreciated by 10%.
Give necessary Journal entries and ledger accounts and balance sheet of Ram and Robert. Partners capital accounts are maintained under fixed capital method.
Answer:
Journal Entries
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 126
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 127
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 128
Ledger Accounts:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 129
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 130
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 131
Note: Capital Accounts are maintained under fixed capital method. Current a/c of retiring partner Rahim transferred to his capital a/c and then to his loan A/c.

When Goodwill is created and written off:

Question 11.
X, Y and Z are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2:1 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31 March 2015 was as follows;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 132
On the above date Mr. Y retires from the business. X and Z decided to continue the business with the following terms;
a) Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 18,000.
b) Provision for bad debts required is Rs. 1,500.
c) Stock to be depreciated by Rs. 6,000.
d) Land to be appreciated by Rs. 5,000.
e) It is decided to write off goodwill in the new firm.
f) New profit-sharing ratio of X and Z will be 3:2.
Give journal entries and necessary ledger accounts and opening balance sheet of X and Z.
Answer:
Journal Entries
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 133
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 134

Ledger Accounts:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 135
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 136
Balance Sheet of X and Z as on 31-03-2020
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 137

Note: Goodwill and shared in old profit sharing ratio and written – off in new profit sharing ratio.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 12.
Ramesh, Ganesh and Suresh are partners sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31 March 2020 stood as follows;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 138
a) Buildings to be appreciated to Rs. 45,000.
b) Furniture revalued at Rs. 23,000.
c) Goodwill of the firm valued at Rs. 40,000.
d) New profit sharing ratio of Ganesh and Suresh will be 3:2 respectively and decided to write off goodwill.
Give journal entries and necessary ledger accounts and opening balance sheet.
Answer:
Journal Entries
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 139
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 140
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 141
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 142
Ledger Accounts:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 143
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 144
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 145

Note:

  1. Goodwill created to the extent of Rs. 30,000 because already Rs. 10,000 value of goodwill appears in the books. Now the goodwill of the firm will be 40,000 i.e., 10,000 + 30,000 created.
  2. P & L a/c Dr. balance (loss), transferred to old partners capital a/cs.
  3. The amount payable to Ramesh, the retiring partner, after all the adjustments are transferred to his loan account.

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

Question 13.
Amar, Akbar, and Anthony are partners sharing profits and losses equally. Their balance sheet as on 31s1 March 2020, was as follows;
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 146
On the above date Mr. Akbar retired from the business. The following adjustments are agreed.
a) Land & Buildings appreciated by Rs. 20,000.
b) Stock and Machinery are to be depreciated by 10%.
c) Provide for Bad debts Rs. 2,000.
d) Goodwill of the firm is valued at Rs. 60,000 and it is decided to pay the share of Goodwill of retiring partner by continuing partners without raising goodwill account in the books.
e) Rs. 70,000 to be sharing ratio of Amar and Anthony is 3 : 2 respectively.
f) New profit sharing ratio of Amar and Anthony is 3:2 respectively.
Give journal entries and necessary ledger accounts and opening balance sheet of Amar and Anthony.
Answer:
Journal Entries
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 147
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 148
Ledger Accounts:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 149
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 150
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 151
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 152
Notes:
1) Calculation of Gaining ratio:
TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner 153

TS Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Study Material Chapter 6 Retirement and Death of a Partner

2) The share of goodwill payable to retiring partner, Ameer is (60,000 x 1/3 ) = Rs. 20,000. It
is given by continuing partners in their respective share of gaining. Amar gives (20,000 x 1/5) = 16,000 and Anthony gives (20,000 x 1/5) = Rs. 4,000 from their capital accounts and the same (i.e., 20,000) credited to retiring partner’s capital account, without raising goodwill a/c in the books.