Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material 3rd Lesson Union Government Textbook Questions and Answers.
TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material 3rd Lesson Union Government
Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
Describe the powers and functions of President of India.
Answer:
The President of India is the Constitutional Head of the State. He preserves the Nation’s identity and upholds the Constitution and its values. He is the caretaker of the Nation as a whole and even a citizen in particular.
Qualifications :
To become eligible for the office of the President of India a person must possess the following qualifications.
- He shall be a citizen of India.
- He shall have completed 35. years of age.
- He shall be qualified for election as a member of the House of the people i.e. Lok Sabha.
- He shall not hold any office of profit under union, State and local governments.
Election :
The President of India is elected by an Electoral college which consists of elected members of
- Both Houses of Parliament.
- State Legislative Assemblies.
- The Elected members of Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Pondicheri.
The Election is conducted in the system of proportional representation by Single Transferable Vote.
Term of office :
The President holds the office for a term of Five years from the date of assumption of office. He is eligible for Re – election to the office.
Salary and Allowances :
The President receives ₹ 1,50,000 as monthly salary. He gets ₹ 9,00,000 per anqm as pension after retirement. He is provided accommodation at Rashtrapathi Bhavan at Delhi. He has two other accommodations i.e., Rashtrapathi Nilayam at Secunderabad and at Simla.
Removal or Impeachment:
The President may be removed from the office for violation of the constitution by a process of impeachment adopted by the Parliament.
Powers and Funtions :
The powers and functions of the President are studied under two heads – Ordinary powers and Emergency powers.
Ordinary Powers :
1. Legislative powers :
The President is an integral part of the Indian Parliament. In that capacity he performs the following legislative funtions.
- He summons and prorogues the meetings of the Parliament.
He dissolves the Lok Sabha. - He inaugurates the first session and annual session of the Parliament.
- He nominates two (2) Anglo-Indian members to the Lok Sabha and twelve (12) members to the Rajya Sabha.
- He convenes of joint sitting of the two houses in case of a disagreement on a bill.
- He proclaims ordinances during the interval of Parliament.
2. Executive powers :
The President enjoys all executive powers of the Union Government. He appoints.
- The Prime Minister.
- Members of the Union Council of Ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.
- State governors, Leiutenant governors and Administrators of Union Territories.
- Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners.
- Chairman and Members of Union Public Service Commission etc.
The President can also remove them.
3. Financial powers :
The President ensures that the budget of the union’GoVernment is laid before the Parliament. He accords permission to the members for introducing money bills in Parliament. He appoints Chairman and Members of Finance Commission for every five years. He appoints the comptroller and Auditor General of India. He receives the reports from finance commission and comptroller and auditor general. He operates the contingency fund of India.
4. Judicial powers :
- The President appoints the Attorney General of India.
- He appoints the Chief justice and other Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
- He is empowered to grant pardon, reprieves, respites or remission of punishments.
- The President can seek Judicial Advice on National importance according to article 143.
5. Military powers :
The President is the Supreme Commander of the armed forces in India. He apprints the chief of the staff and other officers of armed forces. He can declare war and conclude peace.
6. Diplomatic powers :
The President appoints the Ambassadors and other” diplomatic personnel abroad. He receives the credentials of Ambassadors of other countries appointed in India. He represents the Nation in International Forums. He concludes trades and agreements with the nations of the world.
Emergency Powers :
The Constitution of India empowers the President to prbdaim three kinds of emergencies.
- National Emergency, Article 352
- Constitutional Emergency, Article 356
- Financial Emergency, Article 360
1. National Emergency :
If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists in the country or any part of its territory and threatened by war or external aggressions or armed rebellion, he may impose National Emergency on the written advice of the Union Council of Ministers. Such proclamation has to be approved by the Parliament with a majority of not less than 2/3rd members present and voting in each House within a month.
Then the Proclamation shall be in force for six months, it can be extended with approval of Parliament for another six months. During this emergency Union Government can issue any direction to the states and the Parliament can make Legislation on any matters included in state list Except Article 20, 21 all or any of the fundamental rights can be suspended. This type of emergency was imposed in 1962, 1965, 1971 and 1975.
2. Constitutional Emergency (President Rule):
On the receipt of a report from the Governor of a State that a situation has arrived in which the Government of that State cannot function according to the Constitutional provisions, the President may proclaim emergency in that State. It is also called as President Rule or Constitutional emergency. The effects of such a proclamation may be as follows.
a. The President may assume to himself all or any of the function of the State Government.
b. The powers of State Legislature may be exercised by the Parliament.
This emergency proclamation shall be approved by the Parliament within two months. It will be in force for a period of six months. It can be extended for another six months by the approval of the Parliament so far, Presidents Rule has been imposed more than 100 times in different states in India.
3. Financial Emergency :
Article 360, deals with Financial emergency. The President can proclaim a such emergency if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of India is threateneded.
The effects of this emergency are :
- The President can reduce the salaries and allowances of all.
- All money bills passed by any State Legislature can be reserved for the consideration of the President So far this kind of emergency has not been proclaimed in our country.
Question 2.
Describe the powers of Prime Minister of India.
Answer:
Introduction :
The Prime Minister is the real executive Head of the Union Government. He occupies an important position in the administration of our country. Since India has a Parliamentary form of Government the real powers rests with him. He is the ‘Uncrowned King’ and ‘The Keystone of the cabinet arch in the Union Government.
Qualifications :
- He should be citizen of India.
- He should have completed the age of 25 years.
- He should be qualified for election as a member of the Lok Sabha.
- He should not hold any office of Profit under the Union or State or Local Governments.
Appointment :
The President appoints the Prime Minister. Generally the President has to summon the Leader of the Majority party in the Lok Sabha to form the ministry. If no party gets an absolute majority the President can use his discretion and summon the leader of the party, who in his opinion can manage to form a ministry. After wards the Prime Minister will be asked to prove his majority in the Lok Sabha.
Oath of Office :
The President of India will administers the oath of office of the Prime Minister.
Term of Office :
The Prime Minister shall remain in office during the pleasure of the President. But actually he assumes his powers as long as he retains the confidence of the majority members In the Lok Sabha. He resigns when the Lok Sabha. Accepts a No. confidence motion against his ministry.
Salary and Allowances :
The salary and allowances of Prime Minister and decided by the Parliamet from time to time. He gets his salary and allowances that are payable to a member of Parliament. At present the Prime Minister gets a salary and allowances of ₹ 1,60,000/- per month.
Powers and Functions :
The Prime Minister is the head of the Union Government. He is the real executive. The council of ministers cannot exist without the Prime Minister. His powers are explained here under.
1. Leader of the Union Cabinet :
The Prime Minister is the leader of the union council of ministers. He selects some eminent members of his party in Parliament and sees that they are appointed as ministers by the President. He has a free choice of both allocating Portfolios and reshuffling the ministry. All the ministers are personally and politically loyal to the Prime Minister. He decides the agenda of the cabinet meetings. Further, he presides over the cabinet meetings.
2. Leader of the Union Government :
The Prime Minister acts as the Leader of the Union Government. The union executive (union council of ministers) initiates its business after the swearing in ceremony of the Prime Minister. All the ministers in the union ministry assume their office, owe their position and exercise their powers along with the Prime Minister. Infact, the Prime Minister influences the nature and working of the Union Government. He not only has a clear understanding but holds complete control over the affairs of the Union Government. All the high-level officers and the entire ministry in the Union Government behave and act according to the wishes of the Prime Minister.
3. Leader of the Parliament:
As the leader of the majority party in the house of people of Parliament and the head of the Government, the Prime Minister is treated as the leader of the Parliament. He informs the cabinet decisions to the Parliament. He communicates the major domestic and foreign policies of the Union Government to the members of the Parliament.
4. Link between the President and the Council of Minister :
The Prime Minister acts as the link between the President and the union council of ministers. It is his duty to communicate to the President about the decisions of the union council of Ministers. He furnishes every information required by the President concerning the affairs of the Union Government.
5. Leader of the Union Government:
The Prime Minister is the head of the Union Government. He along with his council of ministers formulates Policies and programmes and overseas planning and implementations of various projects of Government for the upliftment and development of the people and country. All the Govenment Machinery acts according to the wishes of the Prime Minister.
6. Leader of the Nation :
The Prime Minister dcts as the leader of the nation. Being the leader of Parliament and Head of the Government his statements in and outside of the Parliament are treated as important matters of the union. While touring foreign countries of the Prime Ministers represents the nation and his treatments are treated as the opionipn of the nation as a whole.
7. Maker of Foreign policy :
The Prirpe Miniser plays a dominant role in shaping the foreign policy of the nation. He keeps in touch withythe developments in all countries. He meets heads of the various countries and maintains friendly relations with them.
8. Chairman of NITI Aayog :
The Prime Miniser heads the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) NITI Aayog means policy commssion. It is a policy think tank of Government of India that replaces planning commission which aims to involve the states in economic policy making in India. It will provide strategic and technical advice tc the Central and State Governments. It will have a governing council comprising chief ministers of all the states, and it governors of union territories. Union Government set up the NITI Aayog on January 1st 2015.
Question 3.
Explain the composition and functions of Union Council of Ministers.
Answer:
Article 74 (1) of the constitution provides for k Council of Ministers at the centre. Its main function is to aid and advice the President in the performance of his duties. It consists of Prime Minister and other minister. It is this body which runs the entire administration of our Country. It is the real executive authority of the country.
Formation of Council of Ministers :
The formation of Council of Ministers starts with appointment of the Prime Minister. The President appoints the^Prime Minister and on the advice of the Prime Minister, the other ministers and appointed by the President.
Composition of Council of Ministers :
Our constitutions did not mention the exact size of the Union Council of Ministers. But there are three kindsyaf ministers.
1. Cabinet Ministers
2. Ministers of State
3. Deputy Ministers
- The cabinet ministers are entrusted with the maintenance of some important ministries. They enjoy independence and decision making powers.
- The ministers of State act as the heads of sompjmoprtant sections in the ministry. They are directly responsible to the Prime Minister for tfUm activities.
- The Deputy ministers have no independent and tljflcretionary powers. They assist the cabinet ministers and perform the functions assigned to them.
Powers and Funtions :
1. Executive powers :
The union cabinet is deliberative and policy formulating body. It discusses and decides all National and International policies of the country. The policies decided by the cabinet are carried out by the ministers. It directs and leads the Parliament for action and gets its approval for all its policies.
2. Legislative powers :
The cabinet plans the legislatives programme of the Government at the beginnig of each session of Parliament. It drafts bills on all important matters and introduces them in the Parliament It also decides the time of summoning and propogation of Parliament
3. Financial powers :
It prepares the unton budgets It decides what taxes are to be imposed and how must of expenditure is to be incurred. Money bills are always introduced in the Lok Sabha by the finance minister.
4. Foreign Relation :
In the feild of forelfi relations also the cabinet palys an important role. It determines and formulates the foreign policy of the country and decides. India’s relations with other countries.
5. Collective Responsibility :
Article 75 (3) of Indian Constitution stated. That the union council of ministers shall be collectively responsible toj the L,ok sabha, for all their acts of ommisslons and commissions. They act as a team under the Leadership/ of the Prime Minister. They sail together, they swim together and they sink, together.
Conclusion :
It is thus clear than the council of; ministers (or) cabinet enjoys far reaching powers both with regard to the internal and external prides of the country. Internally it maintains law and order within the country and externally protect. The county from foreign aggression the progress of the country largely depends upon the ability of lit/cabinet.
Question 4.
Explain the powers and functions of Indian Parliament.
Answer:
Indain Parliament is bicameral. It consists of two Houses – Rajy Sabha and Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha or “The Council of States’ is the Upper House. It contains the representatives of the States. The Lok Sabha or ‘The House of the People’ Is the Lower House. It is a popular House and contains representatives of the people. It is the pivot of all political activity. The Parliament is the highest law-making body in our country. It has extensive povvers and performs a variety of functions which are listed below.
1. Legislative Power :
The main function of the Indian Parliament is law making. It makes laws on all the subjects mentioned in the Union List and Concurrent List. Under, certain circumstances, it also makes laws on the subjects mentioned in the State List. Further it also makes laws on the matters that are not included in any of the three lists i.e., on residuary matters.
2. Executive Powers :
Another important function of the Indian Parliament is controlling the Executive (Union Council of Ministers). Parliament controls the Executive through various ways, such as by asking questions, supplementary quetions and by introducing adjournment motions and no confidence resolutions against the Ministry. Hence the survival of the Government depends upon the will of the members in the Lower House. The executive remains in office so long as it enjoys the confidence of the Lok Sabha.
3. Financial Powers :
The Parliament controls the financial resources of the nation. It accepts the budget and other money bills required by the Government. Its permission is needed for the Goveminent for imposing and collecting tax and for revising the existing tax rates. In this regard the Lok Sabha has more financial powers than the Rajya Sabha. All money, bills shall at first be introduced in the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha has to accept all money bills sent by the Lok Sabha within 14 days. It approves the railway budget, appropriation bill and other money bills.
4. Constitutional Powers :
The Parliament takes initiative for changing the provisions of the Constitution according to the changing times. Bills relating to the Constitution amendments may be introduced in either House. There are three methods of amending the Constitution.
5. Judicial Powers :
The Parliament has certain judicial powers and functions. It has the power to remove the President and Vice President. The procedure is called impeachment. It has also the power to recommend to the President the removal of the higher officials of the country such as the Chief justice and judges of Supreme Court, High Court and the Chairman and other members of UPS C., Chief Election Commissioner etc., for violation certain principles.
6. Electoral Powers :
The Parliament also serves as an electoral college. It participates in the election of the President and Vice President. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker who act as the presiding officers are elected by the members of Lok Sabha. The Deputy Chairman is elected by the members of the Rajya Sabha.
7. Deliberative Powers :
The Parliament acts as the highest forum and direct agency of public opinion. Its members discuss various issues of national and international significance. They demand the Government to solve the people’s problems.
8. Miscellaneous Powers :
In addition to the above, the Indian Parliament has also the power to a) Create of abolish Legislative Councils b) Change the names and boundaries of the States etc.
Conclusion :
A look at the powers and functions of the Indian Parliament shows that it is the centre of legislative activity and political activity of our country.
Question 5.
Write about the functions of Supreme Court of India.
Answer:
Functions:
Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court may be categorized as original, appellate and advisory.
i. Original Jurisdiction :
Under the jurisdiction the Supreme Court can settle disputes a) between the Centre and one or more states, b) between the centre and any state or states on the one side and one or other states on the other or c) between two or more states.
ii. Appellate Jurisdiction :
Under the appellate jurisdiction the Supreme Court can hear appeals on the following cases:
a) Constitutional cases :
An appeal can be made to the Supreme Court in cases which relate to the interpretation of the Constitution.
b) Civil Cases :
In a civil case also, an appeal can be made to the Supreme Court against a decision of a High Court. In these cases, the High Court must certify that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretatin of the Constitution.
c) Criminal Cases:
An appeal can be made in the Supreme Court against any Judgement. Final order to sentence is given by a high court. In criminal matters ordinarily, the high courts are the final courts of appeal. But, the supreme court has been given the special power by the constitution to hear appeal against the decisions of high courts in criminal matters.
iii) Advisory Juridiction :
The Supreme Court has some advisory powers also. The President of India can seek the opinion of the court, if there is a question of law or fact where the interpretation of the constitution is involved. The Supreme Court may give its opinion on the President’s reference with regard to any matter.
iv. Miscellaneous Functions :
a) Court of Record:
The Supreme Court also acts as the Court of records. The judgements of the Supreme Court are recorded and considered as authoritative and serves as case laws and proceedings. These records have great evidence value for future cases.
b) Directions, Orders or Writs:
The Supreme Court is regarded as the protector of the fundamental rights of the citizens. For this purpose, it has been given the power of issuing certain writs like that of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari. It can also issue orders and directions.
c) Contempt of Court:
The Supreme Court can punish any one who is found to be indulged in contempt of the court. Contempt of court includes criticism of a judgement of the court Criticism of judges and the court, passing derogatory remarks against the court, refusing to abide by the decisions of the court etc.
d) Review of Judgement and Order:
The Supreme Court is empowered to review any judgement given by it earlier. It can do this if a) some new facts or evidences appear, b) a fault is found according to its own record and c) there are sufficient reasons for re-review.
e) Guardian of the Constitution :
The Supreme Court of India is regarded as the guardian of the Constitution. It is the supreme or final interpreter of the Constitution. The interpretation of the Constitution given by the Supreme Court is to be respected.
f) Judicial Review :
The Supreme Court has been given the power to decide whether a law passed by the Parliament or the State Legislatures and the executive decisions take by the central or state governments is constitutional or not If such a law or executive decision in found unconstitutional, then it can be declared as invalid. The Judiciary in India is armed with the power of judicial review not only to safeguard the provisions of constitution, but also ensures that all the organs of the government function within their jurisdiction as per the spirit of the Constitution. Further, it also upholds the fundamental rights in general and right to property in particular. The Supreme Court protected the property rights from violation in the context of Golaknath and Kesavananda Bharati cases. These two cases are extremely important from the point of view of Judicial Review.
g) Public Interest Litigation:
Even, if the victim or affected parties do not file cases any one from the general public, not involved in the case may file litigation (law suit), it is in the general public interest. It is the privilege of the court to entertain or not to entertain the application for public Interest litigation.
h) Independence of Judiciary :
The Constitution of India seeks out to guarante the independence of Supreme Court of India had High Court in various ways. The conditions of services and salaries of the judges of the High Court and Supreme Court cannot be altered to effect adversely during the tenure. A judge of the Indian Supreme Court cannot be removed from office until an order is passed by the Indian President following the due process in both Houses of the Parliament of India. The resolution of Parliament has to be passed by 2/3rd majority of members present and voting in both House of Parliament
Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
What are the emergency powers of the President of India?
Answer:
Emergency Powers :
The Constitution of India empowers the President to proclaim three kinds of emergencies.
- National Emergency, Article 352.
- Constitutional Emergency, Article 356.
- Financial Emergency, Article 360.
1. National Emergency :
If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists in the country or any part of its territory and threatened by war or external aggressions or armed rebelltion he may impose National Emergency on the written advice of the Union Council of Ministers. Such proclamation has to be approved by the Parliament with a majority of not less than 2/3rd members present and voting in each House within a month. Then the proclamation shall be in force for six months.
It can be extended with approval of Parliament for another six months. During this emergency Union Government can issue any direction to the states and the Parliament can make legislation on any matters included in State list. Except Article 20,21 all or any of the fundamental Rights can be suspended. This type of emergency was imposed in 1962, 1965, 1971 and 1975.
2. Constitutional Emergency (President Rule) :
On the, receipt of a report from the Governor of a State that a situation has arrived in which the Government of that State cannot function according to the Constitutional provisions, the President may proclaim emergency in that State. It is also called as President Rule or Constitutional Emergency.
The effects of such a proclamation may be as follows.
a) The President may assume to himself all or any of the function of the State Government.
b) The powers of State Legislature may be exercised by the Parliament.
This emergency proclamation shall be approved by the Parliament within two months. It will be in force for a period of six months. It can be extended for another six months by the approval of the Parliament. So far, Presidents Rule has been imposed more than 100 times in different states in India.
3. Financial Emergency :
Article 360, deals with Financial Emergency. The President can proclaim such emergency if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of India is threateneded.
The effect of this emergency are :
1)The President can reduce the salaries and allowances of all 2) All money bills passed by any State legislature can be reserved for the consideration of the President. So far this kind of emergency has not been proclaimed in our country.
Question 2.
What is impeachment procedure of Indian President?
Answer:
The President may be removed from the office by following a procedure called Impeachment. The Impeachment procedure is exercised in ParliamentThe Impeachment of President has the following procedure.
The impeachment resolution has to be moved in with 14 days prior notice in writing signed by not less than 1/4th of the total members of that House. Such resolution has to be passed by not less than 2/3rd of the total members of the House.
The resolution is then sent to the other House for the consideration and approval. The second house investigates the allegations and constitutes a committee to enquire into the charges. At this stage the President has the right to present his views on the charges directly or through his representative.
If the charges are established and adopted by the second house with 2/3rd majority of the total members, from that moment the President stands removed from the office.
Question 3.
Write about election of Vice – President and his Functions.
Answer:
Introduction :
The Vice-President of India occupies the second highest position in the Union Government. Article 63 to 71 import five of the Indian Constitution deal with the provisions relating to the Vice – President.
Qualifications :
- He should be a citizen of India.
- He should have completed 35 years of age.
- He should be qualified for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha.
- He should not hold any office of profit under the Union, State, or Local Government.
Election :
The Vice President of India is eledW by the members of electoral college consisting of the members of both the houses of Parliamen. In accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferrable/iote system.
Term of office :
The Vice President holds office for a term of 5 years.
Removal:
The Vice President may be remoed from his office by a resolution of the counil of states. Passed by a majority of all the then membenof the council and agreed to by the house of the people, A resolution for this purpose may be moved only after a notice of atleast at minimum of 14 days has been given of such an intention.
Salary and Allowances :
The Vice President of India recevies a monthly salary of ₹ 1,25,000/ – in addition he is entitled, to daily allowance, fret furnished residence, medical, travel and other facilities.
Powers and functions of the Vice Presiden :
The powers and functions of Vice President are two fold. They are :
- Ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
- Acting as the President.
1. Ex – Officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha:
The Vice President is the Ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha. He presides over the meeting of the Rajy Sabha. He conducts the meetings of the Rajya Sabha. He conduct the meetings of the Rajya Sabha with dignity decency and decotum. He gives rulings in the meetings and allows the members to express their views on the bill and announces the results. He sends all those bills accepted by the Rajya Sabha to the Lok Sabha with his Signature. He Safeguards the privileges and amenities of the memb rs of Rajya Sabha.
2. Acting as the President :
The Vice President ats as the President in the event of a vacancy by reason of death, resignation, removal or otherwise the Vice-President act as the President for a period of not exceeding six months.
Question 4.
What is collective responsibility? Explain.
Answer:
Collective Responsibility:
Article 75 (3) of Indin Constitution stated that the union council of ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, Ur all their acts of ommissions and commissions.
They act as a team under the leadership of the Prime Minister. They Sail together, they swim together and they sink together.
Question 5.
Explain the functions of speaker of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
The office of the Speaker in India has been borrowed from the British Parliament. Articles 93 to 97 of the Constitution deal with the office of the Speaker o Lok Sabha. The Speaker acts as head of the Lok Sabha.
1. Qualification :
A person elected as the Speaker must be a member of the Lok Sabha.
2. Election :
The members of the Lok Sabha elected the Speaker from among themselves. No-mally there is a convention that the speakership is left to the party in power.
3. Term of office :
Speaker of the Lok Sabha normally hold his office for the term of 5 years. The Speaker continues in his office even, after the disolution of the House. He holds his office until the new Speaker is elected.
4. Salary and Allowances :
The Speakereceives a monthly salary of ₹ 1,25,000. Besides, he is provided with rent free residence, medical, traveling and communication facilities.
5. Removal:
The Speaker may be removd from office by a resolution of the House supported by the majority of members present and voting. Fourteen clear days notice must be given. During debate on a motion for the removal of the Speaker, he does not preside over the session of house. But, he may take part in its proceedings. No Speakerin India has ever been removed till now.
6. Powers and functions of the Speaker :
The constitution of India provided considerable powers to the Speaker in discharging functions properly and efficiently.
The Speaker performs various functions aid enjoys wide powers drawn partly form the Constitution, and partly from the rules, procedure and induct of bussiness Parliament -1950 functions are as follows.
- The Speaker presides over the meetings of the Lok Sabha.
- He allows members to ask questions, le has also the power to disallow in the case they are not in conformity with the rules of the house.
- Adjournment motions are moved with his consent. He also prescribes the time limit for speeches on the motion.
- The Speaker may allow the publicatioi of a bill in the gazette of India up on a request from a member initiating the bill even before the motion for leave to introduce the bill has been mode. In such a case it does not remin necessary to ask for leave of the house to introduce the bill.
- He appoints the chairman of selectiol committee. He himself is Ex-officio chairman of some vital committees, such as rules comnittee the bussiness advisory committe and the general purpose committee.
- He decides about the admissibility of a motion in this House.
- No member can address the house without his permission. He also to see that the no mem ber makes an irrelevant speech and there by wastes the time of the House.
- He preserves the order in the house. If the situation goes out of control he can adjournment and suspend the meeting of his house.
- If a member disregards his authority in spite of warning he can name him for suspension in case a member does not leave the House on the order of the Speakers, the Speaker can ask the ward staff to him bodily and remove him from the House.
- He exercise his vote in case of ape over a bill.
- He presides over the joint session of the Parliament.
- He has a privilege of determining whether a bill is money bill or not.
Question 6.
Write about judicial Review of Supreme Court.
Answer:
The Supreme Court has been given the power to decide whether a law passed by the Parliament or the State Legislatures and executive decisions taken by the Central or State Governments is constitutional or not. If such a Law or Executive decision is found unconstitutional, then it can be declared as invalid. The Judiciary in India is armed with the power of Judicial Review not only to safeguard the provisions of Constitution but also ensures that all the organs of the Government function within their Jurisdiction as per the spirit of the Constitution. Further it also upholds the Fundamental Rights in general and Right to property in particular. The Supreme Court protected the property Rights from violation in the Context of Golaknath and Kesavananda Bharathi cases. These two cases are extremely important from the point of View of Judicial Review.
Very Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
Composition of Electoral College.
Answer:
Electoral College is a body that elects the Indian President.
The Following are the members of Electoral College:
a) Elected members of both Houses of Parliament i.e., 238 from Rajya Sabha and 543 from Lok Sabha 781.
b) Elected members of State Legislative Assemblies and
c) Elected members of Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Pondicheri.
Question 2.
Difference between ordinary bill and money bill?
Answer:
| Ordinary Bills | Money Bills |
| 1. Ordinary bills pertain to non economic and administrative affairs of the Government. | 1. Money bills pertain to Financial affairs of the Government. |
| 2. President’s prior permission is not required for introducing these bills in parliament. | 2. President prior permission is required to present the bills in Parliament. |
| 3. Speakers certification is not required. | 3. Speaker certifies that the bill is a money bill before sending to the President. |
| 4. These bills can be introduced in either house of the Parliament. | 4. These bills shall be introduced only in Lok Sabha. |
| 5. If there is no unanimity between two houses in passing the bill, joint sitting of both houses will be summoned by the President of India. | 5. There will be no joint sitting of both houses. If die bill Is not passed by Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha has to pass it second time. |
Question 3.
The composition of Union Council of Ministers.
Answer:
India has the three tier ministry consisting of
i) Cabinet Ministers,
ii) Ministers of State
iii) The Deputy Ministers.
- The cabinet ministers entrusted the maintenance of some important ministries. They enjoy independence and decision making power.
- The ministers of State acts as Heads of Some important Sections in the ministry. They are directly responsible to the Prime Minister for their activities.
- The Deputy ministers have no independent and discretionary powers. They assist the cabinet ministers and perform the functions assigned to them.
Question 4.
Legislative powers of President.
Answer:
The President of India performs the following Legislative powers.
- He summons and prorogues the meetings of the Parliament.
- He dissolves the Lok Sabha.
- He inaugurates the first session and annual session of the Parliament
- He nominates two (2) Anglo-Indian members to the Lok Sabha and twelve (12) members to the Rajya Sabha.
- He convenes of joint sitting of the two houses incase of a disagreement on a bill.
- He proclaims ordinances during the interval of Parliament
Question 5.
National Emergency.
Answer:
If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists in the country or any part of its territory and threatened by war or external aggression or armed rebillion, he may impose National Emergency as per Article 352 of the constitution on the written advice of the Union Council of Ministers. This type of emergency was imposed in 1962,1965,1971 and 1975.
Question 6.
Constitutional Emergency in a State.
Answer:
According to Article 356, the President can declare a Constitutional emergency in a State. This is known as “President’s Rule”. The President declares this type of emergency on the receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise that a situation has arisen in which the Government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution. During the ‘President’s Rule, Parliament will make laws for the State and the Government in the State will be dismissed.
Question 7.
Powers of Lok Sabha Speaker
Answer:
- The Speaker presides over the meetings of the Lok Sabha.
- He exercises his vote in case of a tie over a bill.
- He presides over the joint session of the Parliament.
- He has a privilege of determining whether a bill is Money Bill or Not.
Question 8.
Composition of Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
Article 80 of the Constitution lays down the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha as 250 out of which 12 members are nominated by the President and 238 are Representatives of the states and the Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicheri.
Question 9.
Composition of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
Lok Sabha is the Lower House or popular chamber in Indian Parliament. Its maximum strength is 550. It comprises members belonging to the i) states and ii) Union territories. At present there are 543 members. 524 represents the states and 19 members hail from the union territories. Nomination of two Anglo Indian members to the Lok Sabha done away through 104th Constitutional Amendment.