Learning these TS Inter 2nd Year Maths 2B Formulas Chapter 4 Ellipse will help students to solve mathematical problems quickly.
TS Inter 2nd Year Maths 2B Ellipse Formulas
→ An ellipse is the locus of a point whose distances from a fixed point and a fixed straight line are in a constant ratio ‘e’ which is less than unity. The fixed point and the fixed straight line are called the focus and the directrix of ellipse respectively.
→ Equation of an ellipse in the standard form is – 1, (a > b). Centre = (0, 0)
Foci = (± ae, 0); Directrix, x = ±\(\frac{\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{e}}\) and Eccentricity, e = \(\sqrt{\frac{a^2-b^2}{a^2}}\)
→ Various forms of the ellipse Form:
(i) \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1 (a > b > 0)
length of mayor axis (AA’) | 2a |
Length of minor axis | along Y axis, 2b |
Centre | C = (0, 0) |
Foci | S = (ae, 0) S’ = (-ae, 0) |
Equation of the directrices | x = a/e x = -a/e |
Eccentricity | e = \( \sqrt{\frac{a^2-b^2}{a^2}} \) |
(ii) \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1 (0 < a < b)
Length of major axis (BB’) | ‘2b’ |
Length of minor axis | along X – axis, ‘2a’ |
Centre | C = (0, 0) |
Foci | S = (0, be) S’ = (0, -be) |
Equation of the directrices | y = b/e y = -b/e |
Eccentricity | e = \( \sqrt{\frac{b^2-a^2}{b^2}} \) |
(iii) \(\frac{(x-h)^2}{a^2}+\frac{(y-k)^2}{b^2}\) = 1 (a > b > 0)
Length of major axis (AA’) | ‘2a’ |
Length of minor axis | Along x = h, 2b |
Centre | C – (h, k) |
Foci | S = (h + ae, k) S’ = (h – ae, k) |
Equation of the directrices | x – h + a/e x = h – a/e |
Eccentricity | e = \( \sqrt{\frac{a^2-b^2}{a^2}} \) |
(iv) \(\frac{(x-h)^2}{a^2}+\frac{(y-k)^2}{b^2}\) = 1 (0 < a < b)
Lengtli of major axis (BB’) | ‘2b’ |
Length of minor axis | Along y = k, ’2a’ |
Centre | C = (h, k) |
Foci | S = (h, k + be) S ‘= (h, k – be) |
Equation of the directrices | y = k + b/e y = k – b/e |
Eccentricity | e = \( \sqrt{\frac{b^2-a^2}{b^2}} \) |
→ If P is any point on the ellipse \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1, (a > b) and foci are S, S’, then SP + S’P = 2a.
→ The equation of the auxiliary circle of the ellipse \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1, (a > b) is x2 + y2 = a2.
→ Parametric equations of ellipse S = 0 are x = a cos θ, y = b sin θ and θ is called the parameter.
→ If P(x1, y1) is a point on the plane of the ellipse, then P lies outside, on or inside the ellipse according as Sn is positive, zero or negative.
→ The condition for the straight line y = mx + c to touch the ellipse \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1 is (or) tangent to the ellipse is c2 = a2m2 + b2.
→ y = mx ± \(\sqrt{a^2 m^2+b^2}\) is always a tangent to the ellipse S = 0 at \(\sqrt{a^2 m^2+b^2}\) and \(\left(\frac{a^2 m}{c}, \frac{-b^2}{c}\right)\)
→ The equation of the tangent at P (x1, y1)to the ellipse \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\) = 1 is \(\frac{\mathrm{x} \mathrm{x}_1}{a^2}+\frac{\mathrm{y} \mathrm{y}_1}{\mathrm{~b}^2}\) – 1 = 0
→ The equation of the normal to the ellipse at P (x1, y1) is \(\frac{a^2 x}{x_1}-\frac{b^2 y}{y_1}\) = a2 – b2
→ Equation of the tangent at P (θ) i.e., P (a cos θ, b sin θ) to the ellipse S = 0 is \(\frac{x \cos \theta}{a}+\frac{y \sin \theta}{b}\) = 1.
→ Equation of the normal at P(θ) to the ellipse S = 0 is \(\frac{a x}{\cos \theta}-\frac{b y}{\sin \theta}\) = a2 – b2
where θ ≠ 0, \(\frac{\pi}{2}\), π, \(\frac{3 \pi}{2}\)
→ Eqilation of director circle of the ellipse S = 0 is x2 + y2 = a2 + b2
→ If P(x1, y1) Is an external point to the ellipse S = 0, then the equation of chord of contact of P w.r.t ellipse S = 0 is \(\frac{x x_1}{a^2}+\frac{y y_1}{b^2}\) = 1.