TS Inter 1st Year Ethics and Human Values Study Material Chapter 4 Life Skills

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 1st Year Ethics and Human Values Study Material 4th Lesson Life Skills Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 1st Year Ethics and Human Values Study Material 4th Lesson Life Skills

Question 1.
What are life Skills? Discuss the benefits and ways to improve skills related to Goal Setting, Problem Solving, Decision Making and Time Management.
Answer:

1. Life skills refers to the skills usually associated with managing and leading a better quality of life.
2. Life skills are defined by UNICEF as psychological abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.
3. Life skills are behaviours used approximately and responsibly for the management of personal affairs.

1) Goal Setting :

1. Goal setting is a powerful process for planning one’s ideal future and for motivating oneself to turn one’s vision of the future into reality.
2. Effective goal setting is essential to achieve our goals in a successful, manner by taking right actions in less time.
3. Some goals, such as health goals, need to be ongoing ones, so establish a daily routine. In order to maintain good health your habits must be accordingly
4. A great tool for keeping you focused is to maintain a journal or work book. Go over it regularly as a reference and to remind yourself about what you want to accomplish.
5. Many Successful people, especially atheltes, swear by both these techniques. It is important to see yourself accomplishing a goal before you actually do so.

Benefits of Setting Goals:

1. Give a big picture direction to your life goals.
2. Help keep you organized and focused.
3. Build self – confidence and sense of accomplishment.
4. Help you achieve success more efficiently in less time.
5. Make small day to day tasks more meaningful and purposeful.

2) Problem Solving :
Problem solving consists of using methods in an orderly manner for finding solutions to the problems. Planing and structuring will help make the problem solving process more likely to the successful.

Problem Solving Steps:

1. Firstly detect the problem recognize the nature of the problem.
2. Structure the problem through a period of observation, careful inspection, fact finding and developing a clear picture.
3. Look for possible solutions by generating range of possible courses of action select the best solution for implementation.

Decision Making :
People have to make decision all the time, some more important than others.

Regardless of the effort that is put into making a decision, it has to be accepted that some decisions will not be the best possible choice.

Decision making is the act of choosing between two or more courses of action. That may not be correct decision but may be a better decision according to information availability.

Steps for Decision Making in a groups:

1. List all the possible solutions available in the problem-solving process.
2. Before making a decision take account of time and be clear who is responsible for the decision.
3. Gather all relevant information and take care of it updation and accuracy on which to make the decision.
4. Take note of risks involved in decision making.
5. Evaluate the pros and cons of each possible solution or option by considering the possible advantages and disadvantages.
6. Finally make a decision and implement it and review it for the sake of better decision next time.

4) Time Management :
Time Management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control are the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency or productivity.

Strategies for Time Management:

1. The application of time management have proven to be effective for good study habits.
2. Jot down the best block of time for your work and prepare a to-do list.
3. Dedicated study places can help you to maximize your concentration.
4. Review your time schedule weekly.
5. Don’t deviate from your work for unnecessary activities.
6. Identify and utilize your resources properly to save our energy and live.
7. Review after accomplishing the schedule.

Question 2.
How can one improve Self Esteem and Self Confidence? Discuss the importance of stress Management.
Answer:
I) Self-Esteem and Self-Confidence:

1. Self-esteem is a term used in psychology to reflect a person’s overall emotional evaluation of his own worth. It is a Judgement of oneself as well as an attitude toward the self.
2. The positive or negative life experiences are undergoes create attitudes towards the self, which can be favourable and help to develop positive feelings of self-worth, or can be unfavourable and contribute to negative feelings of self-worth.

Measures to improve Self-Esteem and Self Confidence :

1. Try to stop having negative thoughts about yourself.
2. Aim for accomplishments rather the perfection.
3. View mistakes and failures as learning opportunities.
4. Try New things.
5. Plan and set goals keep track of your progress.
6. Recognize what you can change and what you cannot.
7. Do exercise to avoid stress and to fell confident.
8. Have fun for relaxation.
9. High Self-Esteem leads to Self-Confidence.

So feeling good can build confidence within yourself.

2) Stress Management:

1. Stress management refers to the wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person’s level of stress.
2. Stress produce numerous problems which can vary according to persons, situations and severity. The process of stress management is named as one of keys to a happy and successful life in modern society.

Strategies for Stress Management:

1. Avoid unnecessary stress by saying no to work that is beyond your capability and by avoiding people, situations and talks that precipitate or cause stress.
2. Alter the situation by expressing your feelings instead of bottiling them up.
3. Modify the facts causing stress. Reframe the problem through a positive approach.
4. Accept the things you cannot change.
5. “What does not kill us makes us stronger” when facing major challenges try to look at setbacks as opportunities for personal growth.

Question 3.
What are some of warning signs and causes of suicide? Discuss how positive thinking and developing assertiveness can help in preventing suicidal tendencies.
Answer:
Suicidal warnings or Symptoms:

1. Talking about suicide by making statements such as “I am going to kill my self”.
2. Withdrawing from social contact and wanting to be left alone.
3. Having mood swings.
4. Feeling trapped or hopeless about a situation.
5. Increasing use of alcohol and drugs.
6. Being severely anxions or agitated.

The above signs may vary from person to person. Some people make their intention clear, while other keep them secret.

The main causes:

1. Not having hope about the future and thinking that suicide is the only solution.
2. There may be a genetic link. The person having suicidal thoughts is more likely to have a family history of suicide.
3. Inability to face problems.
4. Experiencing a stressful life event such as loss loved one, financial or legal problems etc.
5. Having a substance abuse problem.
6. Failure in study courses.

Remedies:

1. Avoid substance abuse like drugs and alcohol.
2. Remember that suicidal feelings are often temporary. So try to overcome the tendency by diverting the mind towards various activities like praying to God, doing exercises, reading about eminent personalities, having fun etc.
3. Do not hesitate to seek the professional advice of a counsellor or psychiatrist if suicidal feelings repeatedly occur.

Positive thinking:

1. Positive thinking is much more than just being happy or displaying an upbeat attitude. Positive thoughts can have real value in your life and help you build skills that last much longer than a smile.
2. Positive thinking means approaching an unpleasant situation in a positive and productive way. You think the best is going to happen, not the worst.

Methods of increasing positive thinking:

1. Avoid personalized thinking. Do not unnecessarily blame yourself if thing go wrong. Instead of becoming emotional, analyse the problem in a logical mariner.
2. Replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts by saying positive things, and talking positively as a matter of habit.
3. Spend time with optimistic people. Set meaningful goals.

Assertiveness:

1. Assertiveness means standing up for your personal rights and expressing thoughts, feelings and beliefs in direct, honest and appropriate ways.
2. Assertiveness implies being able to express feelings, wishes, wants and desires appropriately and is an important personal and interpersonal skills in all your interaction with other people; whether at house or at the work place.
3. Assertiveness enables individuals to act in their best interests, to stand up for themselves without under anxiety, to express feelings honestly and to asset personal rights without denying the rights of others.

Question 4.
Write short notes of about 50 words each of the following.
a) Peer pressure
b) Team work
c) Interpersonal Relationships
d) Life Skills
Answer:
a) Peer pressure :

1. A peer refers to a person who is equal with another in a group. For students classmates are peer group.
2. A peer group observes or an individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes values or behaviours to conform to the group norms.
3. It is commonly associated with adolescent risk.
4. It may have positive effects when the peer are moving towards positive behaviour.
5. The importance of peers declines upon entering adulthood.

How to Deal with Peer pressure :

1. Saying “No” to peer pressue is tough, but you can do it.
2. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something which you know is wrong.
3. Try help friends who are finding it difficult to resist peer pressue.
4. If you continue to face peer pressure and you are finding it difficult to handle it, talk to someone you trust.
5. peer pressure is not always a bad thing. Peers having good values can exert pressure on each other to do what is right.

b) Team Work :
“Workdone by several associates with each doing a part but all subordinating personal prominence to the efficiency of the whole” is known as Team work.

Benefits:
i) Problem Solving :
Several heads are better than one. Each team member has a responsibility to contribute equally and offer their unique perspective on a problem arrive at the best possible solution. Team work can lead to better solutions decisions, products or services.

ii) Healthy competitions :
Healthy competition in groups can be used to motivate individuals and help the team excel.

iii) Developing relationship by working together :
This increases the level of bonding among members and avoids unnecessary conflicts.

iv) Each member has unique qualities to improve the quality of team work.

c) Interpersonal Relationships:

1. An Interpersonal relationship is a strong, deep association between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring.
2. Interpersonal relationships are formed in the context of social, cultural and other influences.
3. Developing interpersonal relationships is essential for success in life.
4. The development of interpersonal relations is the key in building what you want to achieve in life.
5. Interpersonal relationships involve more than just the verbal communication between people.
6. If you communicate effectively, people gravitate toward you naturally and interact with you. They appreciate your ability to make a person feel comfortable.
7. Social networking represents a deep-seated need for inter-personal relationships with other people.

d) Life Skills:

1. The term “life skills” refers to the skills usually associated with managing and leading a better quality of life.
2. They help us to accomplish our abilities and realize our full potential.
3. Life skills are defined by UNICEF as psychological abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.
4. Life skills are behaviours used approximately and responsibly for the management of personal affairs. They are a set of human skills acquired via teaching or direct experience that are used to handle problems and questions commonly encountered in daily human life.