TS Inter 1st Year Ethics and Human Values Study Material Chapter 2 The Constitutional Values of India

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 1st Year Ethics and Human Values Study Material 2nd Lesson The Constitutional Values of India Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 1st Year Ethics and Human Values Study Material 2nd Lesson The Constitutional Values of India

Question 1.
What is Constitution? Describe some of the values embedded in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Definition of Constitution: Constitution is a country document, which contains fundamental principles with the help of which country is governed.

In constitution powers and duties of government and rights and duties of citizens are placed.

Indian Constitution :
The constitution of India is the world’s lengthiest written constitutions. It has 395 articles and 8 shedules. The Constituent Assembly of India was formed in 1946. The leaders of Indian National Movement were members of constituent Assembly. The task of Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1946; and came in to force on 26th January 1950. So we celebrate it as a Republic day.

Values Embedded in the Indian Constitution:
The Constituent Assembly laid down some important point which are ideals in the Indian Constitution.

These ideals aim to promote Justice, liberty, equality and praternity among all Indians in the following aspects.

Justice :
Political Justice, economic Justice and Social Justice is guaranteed to all citizens of India.

Liberty :
Liberty of though, expression, beleif, faith and worship is guaranteed to all citizens.

Equality :
All Indians are assured of equality of states and opportunity.

Fraternity :
The Indian constitution enstrines the notion of ‘fraternity’ i.e., a feeling of brotherhood amongst all Indians. It strives to establish dignity of individual along with the unit and integrity of the nation.

The Indian constitution was drafted keeping in view that India has different languages, religious and cultures. It was recognized that unity in diversity is essential for peace and harmony.

Question 2.
Write an essay about Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens.
Answer:
Fundamental rights of citizens are basic human freedoms which all Indian citizens have the right to enjoy. So that they can lead the life happily.

The fundamental rights are as follows.
1) Right to Equality 2) Right to Freedom. 3) Right against Exploi¬tation. 4) Right to Freedom of Religion 5) Cultural and Educational right 6) Right to Constitutional Remedies 6) Right to compulsory Primary Education for all children.

1) Right to Equality:

1. This right provides equal opportunity in matters of public employment, untouchability is prohibited through this right.
2. Right to equality abolishes titles except military and academic distinctions like Bharata Ratna, Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Sri, Param Veer Chakra and Ashok Chakra.
3. These titles are presented by the President of India but they cannot be prefixed or suffixed to the names of the recepients as a matter of course.
4. Right to equality prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth with certain exceptions regarding women and children.

2) Right to Freedom: Right to freedom refers to

1. Freedom of speech and expression with certain restrictions, freedom of press.
2. Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.
3. Freedom to form associations or unions.
4. Freedom to move throughout the terriotory of India freely.
5. Freedom to practise any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

3) Right against Exploitation:

1. Without adequate payment no person shall be made to work.
2. But this is not applicable to beggary, bonded labours and other such practices.
3. This articles prohibits traffic in human beings for purposes of slavery and prostitution.
4. Right against exploitations also means that children below 14 years of age shall not do any Jobs like working in factories, or mines.

4) Right to Religion :

1. India is a land in which diverse religions are followed.
2. The Indian constitution gives all the freedom of conscience and practice and freedom to propagate religion.
3. No person can be compelled to pay any tax meant for promoting any particular religion.
4. No religions instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of state funds.

5) Cultural and Educational Rights :

1. The Indian constitution provides the minorities the right to preserve their culture, language and script by establishing and administering educational institutions.
2. As India has different languages and cultures cultural and educational rights are incorporated in the constitution to achieve unity in diversity.

6) Right to Constitutional remedies:

1. The right protects remains rights.
2. If any fundamental right is violated either by the state or by any person, one can move to High Court or Supreme Court and seek production.
3. Laws made by the Government can be declared unconsti-tutional and invalid if they violate fundamental rights.
4. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called this right the soul of the Indian Constitution.

7. Right to have compulsory Primary Education for all Children:

1. This Right was included in 2002 through an amendment.
2. Under this right children from 6 to 14 years of age should be provided free and complulsory Education by the government.
3. 25% allocation of seats is compulsory to the weaker sections even in private schools.

8. Fundamental duties: Unlike Fundamental rights fundamental duties are not enforceable by law. Citizens are required to observe the following.

1. To abide by the constitution and respect, the National Flag, National Anthem.
2. To Cherish and follow the Noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and project the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending diverstities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. To value and preserve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and abjure violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.

Question 3.
Describe some of the Directive Principles of State Policy pertaining to the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
The Important Directive Principles of State Policy:

1. Equal pay for equal work for both men and women; maternity facilities and motherchild welfare association for pregnant women.
2. Protection children and youth from exploitation, arrange-ment of educational facilities for children below 6 years.
3. Distribution of ownership and control of the material resources of the community to serve the common good arrangement of adequate means of livelihood and promotion of people’s health.
4. Promotion of educational and economic interests of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, physically challenged people, old people and orphans.
5. Organizing village Panchayats and endowing them with power of self-government establishment of cottage industries in villages.
6. Uniform civil code for citizens i.e., Unequality of all kinds based on status, religion, opportunity, income and facility must be abolished.
7. Decentralization of national wealth to all people; abolition of social inequality and protection of weaker sections.
8. Protection and improvement of environment and safe guarding of forests and wild life, organization of agriculture and animal husbandry.
9. Promotion of International peace and security.
10. Promotion of literacy among people, irrespective of age.

Question 4.
Write short notes of about 50 words each of the following.
a) The Indian National Emblem.
b) The need for Fundamental Duties.
c) Fundamental Rights of Children according to the Indian Constitution.
d) Preamble to the Constitution of India.
Answer:
a) The Indian National Emblem:

1. The National Emblem of India has been taken from the Sarnath Lion Pillar erect by Emperor Ashoka.
2. The National Emblem of India was adopted by Government of India on 26th January 1950.
3. In the National Emblem only three lions are visible while the fourth one is hidden from view.
4. All the lions are mounted on an abacus.
5. At the centre of abacus there is a Chakra which symbolizes the Dharma Chakra.
6. There is a bull, a galloping horse, an elephant and a lion, separated by intervening wheels over a bell shaped lotus.
7. The word “SATYA MEVA JAYATE” have been inscribed in the Devanagari Script.
8. The National Emblem of India is the official seal of the President of India and Central and State Governments.
9. The National emblem is used only for official purposes and commands the highest respect and loyalty. It is also symbol of Independent, India’s identity and sovereignty.

b) The Need for Fundamental Duties:

1. Fundamental rights and duties are like the two sides of a coin. .
2. Without performing duties, no citizen can enjoy fundamental rights.
3. Conversely there can be no duties without rights.
4. Rights originated from the world of duties.
5. Fundamental duties were introduced in the constitution by the 42nd amendment act in 1976 to make citizens realize their responsibilities.
6. The delineation of Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties are not enforceable by law.
7. It is left to the good will of citizens to abide by the provision.

c) Fundamental Rights of Children according to the Indian Constitution:
I) Right against Exploitation:

1. Without adequate payment no person shall be made to work.
2. Under this provision beggary, bonded labour and other such practices are abolished.
3. This articles prohibits traffic in human beings for purposes of slavery and prostitution. However, the state can impose compulsory service without any discrimination for public purpose.
4. Right against exploitation also means that children below 14 years of age shall not be employed to work in factories or mines or in any other hazardous occupation. Infact, child labour in any form in prohibited.

2) Right to have compulsory Primary Education for all children.
i) This Right was included in 2002 through an amendment. Under this right, children from 6 to 14 years of age should be provided free and compulsory education by the government. 25% allocation of seats is compulsory to the weaker sections even in private schools.

d) Preamble to the Constitution of India:

1. The preamble states that India is sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. The words “Socialist” and “Secular” were added in 1976 by an amendment.
2. The word sovereign emphasizes that India has its own defined territory and is free of any foreign power. In a democratic republic the supreme power is vested in the citizens who vote for their representatives in fair and free elections.
3. The power is not vested in monarch head of state. In a socialist ‘ state all decisions are made according to the wishes of the
   majority and according to established laws. In a secular country the government does not interfere in matters pertaining to religion. People of all religions have the right to practise their faith.