Here students can locate TS Inter 1st Year Chemistry Notes 4th Lesson States of Matter: Gases and Liquids to prepare for their exam.
TS Inter 1st Year Chemistry Notes 4th Lesson States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
→ Parameters of gases are pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles.
→ Boyle’s law: It states that “at constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure”.
→ Charles’ law : It states that “at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature”.
→ Avogadro’s law: It states that “at constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain equal number of molecules or moles”.
→ A gas which obeys Boyle’s law, Charles’ law and Avogadro’s law is called ideal gas.
→ Ideal gas equation is PV = nRT.
→ R is universal gas constant which denotes work done by a gas.
→ The equation of state is represented as
\(\frac{\mathrm{P}_1 \mathrm{~V}_1}{\mathrm{~T}_1}=\frac{\mathrm{P}_2 \mathrm{~V}_2}{\mathrm{~T}_2}\)
→ A real gas behaves as an ideal gas at high temperature and low pressure.
→ Diffusion is a phenomenon of intermixing of gases irrespective of gravitational force of attraction.
→ Effusion is diffusion through a small hole from a high pressure to low pressure area.
→ Graham’s law of diffusion : It states that “at constant pressure and temperature the rate of diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density”.
→ Dalton’s law of partial pressure: It states that “the total pressure of a gaseous mixture which do not react chemically with each other is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases”.
→ Partial pressure = Total pressure × Mole fraction.
→ The pressure exerted by water vapour over liquid water surface when both of them are in equilibrium is called water vapour pres¬sure or aqueous tension.
→ Kinetic gas equation is given by PV = \(\frac{1}{3}\)mnc2.
→ Kinetic energy of a gas is equal to \(\frac{3}{2}\) nRT.
→ The velocity possessed by maximum number of molecules is called the most probable velocity.
→ The ratio of sum of the velocities to the total number of molecules is called average velocity.
→ Square root of average for the squares of the velocities is called RMS velocity.
→ RMS velocity represents all gas molecules and is used in deriving kinetic gas equation.
→ The ratio of the three types of velocities is given as Cp : C̅ : C = 1 : 1.128 :1.224.
→ Gas constant per molecule is called
Boltzmann constant (K = \(\frac{\mathrm{R}}{\mathrm{N}}\)).
→ The method of separation of a mixture of two gases making use of the difference in their relative rates of diffusion or effusion is called atmolysis.