Here students can locate TS Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes 1st Lesson Human Anatomy and Physiology – I to prepare for their exam.
TS Inter 2nd Year Zoology Notes 1st Lesson Human Anatomy and Physiology – I
→ Digestive system : Fuel provider and Life sustainer.
→ It consists of alimentary canal and associated glands.
→ Human beings are mostly omnivores in food habits.
→ Complex items of food have to be broken down into simple, absorbable substances.
→ Food mainly consists of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins.
→ Alimentary canal is generally long in herbivores and comparitively shorter in carnivores.
→ The major site of digestion in the human gut is the small intestine.
→ Food is one of the basic requirements of all living organisms as it provides energy and organic material for growth and repair of tissues.
→ The breakdown of biomacro molecules into simple substances is required for their absorption into cells.
→ The process of conversion of the complex food substances into their simple absorbable forms is called digestion and carried out by our digestive system. Digestion involves both mechanical and biochemical processes.
→ Respiratory system is a catabolic process of release of energy mostly by oxidation of foods.
→ Oxygen obtained from surrounding environment is utilised in production of metabolic water.
→ Birds have developed a technique of continuous exchange of gases even during expiration due to presence of air sacs and parabronchii.
→ The rib cage and the diaphragm help mammals breath in air more effectively.
→ Homeostasis of oxygen and carbondioxide are under the control of the respiratory centre.
→ Inhalation and exhalation are under the control of the medulla oblongata.
→ There is a pneumotaxic centre in the pons and it controls the rate and depth of breathing.
→ The muscles of the elephant, seal like in some other aquatic mammals contains myoglobin which has more affinity for oxygen.
→ Processes leading to and including the chemical break down of food materials to provide energy for life is called Respiration.
→ Respiration is a vital feature of life.