TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material Chapter 6 Development in Telangana

Telangana TSBIE TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material 6th Lesson Development in Telangana Textbook Questions and Answers.

TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material 5th Lesson Development in Telangana

Essay Questions

Question 1.
Write about Telangana and its development.
Answer:
TELANGANA :
Telangana became the 29th state of India on June 2, 2014. It was earlier part of the unified state of Andhra Pradesh. The state, which, at the time of formation, comprised 10 districts, is now divided into 31 districts for more efficient administration. Hyderabad, the largest city in the state, is the capital. Other important cities are Warangal, Khammam, Nizamabad and Karimnagar. Telangana is the 12th largest state in the country in terms of area as well as population, according to the 2011 census. The population is more than 3.5 crores. The literacy rate in Telangana is 66.46% as against the national average of 74.04%.

The state has large tracts of land available as well as smaller parcels of land which are suitable for setting up factories and workshops for the production of auto components and spare parts as well as textiles. Telangana has large reserves of forest area. Apart from natural resources, Telangana also boasts of a significant amount of Software exports.

Sectoral Composition :

  1. Agricultural Sector
  2. Industrial Sector
  3. Services Sector

I. Agriculture Sector :
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy of a state and is vital for inclusive growth. The Telangana Department of Agriculture was created mainly to provide Agricultural Extension services to farmers and to transfer the latest technical knowledge to the farming community. The state is endowed with bountiful resources, has good soils, diversified cropping patterns and major irrigation systems fed by rivers like the Godavari and the Krishna. Farmers in Telangana mainly depend on rainfed water sources for irrigation. Rice is the major food crop. Other important local crops are cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco.

Recently, crops used for vegetable oil production, such as sunflower and peanuts, have gained favour. There are varieties of soils ranging from fertile alluvial to very poor sandy soils. The various soil types include chalkas, red sandy soils, dubbas, deep red loamy soils, and very deep black cotton soils that facilitate the planting of mangoes, oranges and flowers. Red soils are predominant, accounting for 48 percent of the total area. Black cotton soils, alluvial soil, rocks and boulders account for 25 percent, 20 percent and 7 percent of the area, respectively.

Agriculture Vision :
Despite the constraints, it is important to improve the agricultural situation in the state by duly harnessing the available agricultural potential and integrating it with technology and resources. To begin with, an attempt should be made to empower farmers in seed management and enable them to acquire good quality seeds at the right time and at affordable cost. Keeping in view the future requirements of agricultural production, a vision for Telangana has been framed as put forth hereunder :

Agriculture Development Vision

  • Making farming a commercially viable endeavor.
  • Providing easy access to inputs, finance, technology, and IT.
  • Increasing irrigated area by utilizing the available surface and groundwater potential.
  • Providing means for land development for efficient soil and water management.
  • Providing trained extension staff for technology transfer at the door step of farmers.
  • Identifying the yield gaps and bridging them through suitable technologies.
  • Motivating the farmers to adopt Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and balanced fertilization with necessary demonstration and training support.
  • Providing short term weather forecasting for instant action.
  • Promoting farm mechanization through access to farm machinery and equipment at affordable cost.
  • Improving water use efficiency through drip and sprinkler irrigation.

Agriculture Schemes of Telangana

✓ Agricultural Technology Management Agency. (ATMA).
✓ Rainfed Area development (RAD) Component Under National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture. (NMSA).
✓ Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana. (RKVY).
✓ Soil Health Management.
✓ Sub-Mission On Agricultural Mechanization. (SMAM).
✓ Soil Health Card.

II. Industrial Sector :
Telangana is home to large industries in pharma, engineering goods and defence. Several major manufacturing and services industries are in operation including textiles and apparels, mines and minerals, automobiles, auto components, spices, horticulture, and poultry farming.

The industrial sector in Telangana provides employment opportunities to 17.8% of the total workforce in the state. This sector registered a growth of 83.6% in 2017-18. Such remarkable growth has been possible largely due to the incentives being offered under the new government’s Industrial Policy

Framework, 2014. Several measures have been taken to speed up industrial growth. The government has allotted 1.5 lakh acres of land for the setting up of new industrial units. Rs.30,000 crore is being spent on the Telangana Water Grid to ensure drinking water supply to every house. 10% of the water under this grid will be allocated for industry. The state has become completely self-sufficient with regard to electricity. Six industrial corridors are envisioned along important national and state highways.

In the first phase the Hyderabad-Warangal, Hyderabad-Nagpur and Hyderabad-Bangalore industrial corridors are being developed. Life Sciences Information Technology and Aeronautics are among 14 core sectors identified under the new policy. Food processing, automobiles, textiles, plastic and polymers, FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods), engineering and capital goods are some of the others. The Kakatiya Mega Textile Park is coming up at Warangal, making it the textile hub of Telangana.

TS-iPASS :
The government has framed many proactive policies to encourage the growth of industry in the state, the most important of which is the TS-iPASS ACT which was framed shortly after the formation of the state in 2014. TS-iPASS or Telangana State Project Approval and Self-Certification System is the new fast-track industry policy of the government of Telangana. It is a single window clearance system for new investors in the state. It provides applicants the right to timely clearances.

This is the first time in the world that such cleamaces have been provided. A time limit of 15 days has been set for megaprojects. Applicants need not go to different departments for approval of projects as there is a common application form. There is Nodal Officer and provision of penalty if there are departmental clearance delays. There is zero tolerance for corruption. The essence of the policy is Minimum inspection and maximum facilitation’.

Telangana was ranked No. 1 in ‘Ease of Doing Business’ among all the states and union territories of India in 2016 and was ranked 2nd for the year 2017.

III. Services Sector :
Telangana’s services sector covers a wide variety of activities such as trade, hotel and restaurants, transport, communication, financing, insurance, real estate and business services. The services sector delivers “intangible” goods in all social and economic sectors in the state economy excluding broad agriculture and industry sector categories. The sector recorded strong annual average growth rate of more than 9% in the last decade. Real Estate and Business services is the leading subsector with a share of 15.6%, followed by the Hotels and Restaurants services with a share of 13.1%. Banking and Insurance stands at 6.6%. Some of the sub-sectors make huge indirect contributions. For instance, ‘transport and communications’ add immensely to infrastructure.

Tourism is growing in importance and contributing to the state’s economy. Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation (TSTDC) is a state government agency which promotes tourism in Telangana. Telangana has a variety of tourist attractions including historical places, monuments, forts, waterfalls, forests and temples. The Charminar Golconda Fort and Chowmohalla Palace in Hyderabad, the forts of Warangal and Bhongir, the temples at Warangal, Basra, and Bhadrachalam, the Kuntala waterfalls near Adilabad, and the Papikonda National Park close to Khammam are some of the places of interest.
TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material Chapter 6 Development in Telangana 1
TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material Chapter 6 Development in Telangana 2

TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material Chapter 6 Development in Telangana

Question 2.
Write about Telangana Industries.
Answer:
The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt, of India has classified industries into four categories based on the levels of pollution generated. They are : red 1 and 2, orange, green and white. Red category industries cause the most pollution and include fertilizers, pharma, tanneries, and refineries. In order to facilitate environmental clearance, the Telangana government decreed that only Red 2 category of industries would go to the government of India for clearance. 90% of applications could be cleared by the state government. The Telangana government has identified more than 1000 polluting industries in and around Hyderabad and is in the process of getting them shifted far away. Hotels, however, have been exempted.
TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material Chapter 6 Development in Telangana 3

I.T. Industry in Telangana :
Over the last few decades, Telangana has also become the hub of Information Technology. In the 1990s an exclusive software park for the I.T sector, the first of its kind in the country, was established near Hyderabad and is called the HITEC City (Hyderabad Information Technology and Engineering Consultancy City). The township is called Cyberabad. Leading IT companies like Facebook, Google, IBM, and Microsoft hold significant presence in Hyderabad. Even after the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, the I.T industry in Telangana has continued to flourish and today Telangana contributes 10% of the country’s exports in I.T.

Mining in Telangana :
Telangana is a state which is rich in minerals. It contains 20 percent of the country’s coal deposits and is rich in limestone deposits that cater to cement factories. It has other mineral resources like granite, bauxite, and mica. The extensive coal reserves around Yellandu are excavated by the Singareni Collieries Company Ltd for power generation and industrial purposes. There are limestone deposits in the area, which are used by cement factories. Telangana also has deposits of bauxite and mica. Kothagudem, Jammikunta, and Palwancha are prominent industrial towns in the state. NTPC in Ramagundam is the largest thermal power plant in South India.

Pharma Industry In Telangana :
Telangana has diversified its industrial base, with the thrust on high-tech sectors including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. A pharma city, one of the biggest in the world, is coming up in Mucherla, R.R district. The Telangana government has envisaged establishing a Life Sciences Infrastructure Fund which will be the first of its kind in the country. The Rs 1.000 crore fund will be used to create sophisticated infrastructure for the pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and medical devices industries. Telangana already accounts for one-third of the pharma industry in the country.

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