{"id":35436,"date":"2022-11-23T11:50:48","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T06:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.com\/?p=35436"},"modified":"2022-11-23T11:50:48","modified_gmt":"2022-11-23T06:20:48","slug":"ts-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-notes-chapter-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.com\/ts-inter-2nd-year-chemistry-notes-chapter-10\/","title":{"rendered":"TS Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Notes Chapter 10 Chemistry in Everyday Life"},"content":{"rendered":"
Students can go through TS Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Notes<\/a> 10th Lesson Chemistry in Everyday Life will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly.<\/p>\n \u2192 Drugs are chemicals of low molecular masses ( ~ 100 to 500 u) which interact with macro- molecular targets and produce a biological response.<\/p>\n \u2192 Drugs are called medicines when their biological response is therapeutic and useful.<\/p>\n \u2192 Use of chemical for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy.<\/p>\n \u2192 Drugs are classified on the basis of<\/p>\n \u2192 Proteins which perform the role of biological catalysts in the body are called enzymes.<\/p>\n \u2192 Proteins that are crucial to body’s communication process are called receptors.<\/p>\n \u2192 Drugs can block the binding site of the enzyme and prevent binding of substrate or can inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Such drugs are called enzyme inhibitors.<\/p>\n \u2192 In the body message between two neurons and that between neurons to muscles is communicated through certain chemicals known as chemical messengers.<\/p>\n \u2192 Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called antagonists.<\/p>\n \u2192 Drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor are called agonists.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2192 Antacids are used to counteract the effects of excess acid in the stomach.<\/p>\n \u2192 A chemical, histamine, stimulates the secretion of pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach.<\/p>\n \u2192 Cimetidine (Tegamet) and ranitidine (Zantac) are used as antacids.<\/p>\n \u2192 Histamine is a potent vasodilator. It is responsible for the nasal congestion associated with common cold and allergic response to pollen.<\/p>\n \u2192 Bromphenaramine (Dimetapp) and terfenadine (Seldane) act as antihistamines.<\/p>\n \u2192 Tranquilizers and analgesics are neurologically active drugs.<\/p>\n \u2192 Tranquilizers are a class of chemical com-pounds used for the treatment of stress and mild or even severe mental diseases.<\/p>\n \u2192 Iproniazid and phenelzine are antidepressant drugs.<\/p>\n \u2192 Chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate are relatively mild tranquilizers suitable for relieving tension.<\/p>\n \u2192 Equanii is used in controlling depression and hypertension.<\/p>\n \u2192 Barbiturates are hipnotic, i.e., sleep produc-ing agents.<\/p>\n \u2192 Analgesics reduce or abolish pain without causing disturbances of nervous system.<\/p>\n \u2192 Aspirin and paracetamol are non – narcotic analgesics.<\/p>\n \u2192 Drugs which reduce fever are called anti-pyretics.<\/p>\n \u2192 Morphine narcotics are chiefly used for the relief of post operative pain, cardiac pain etc.<\/p>\n \u2192 An antimicrobial drug tends to destroy \/ prevent development or inhibit pathogenic action of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, virus and other parasites selectively.<\/p>\n \u2192 Salvarsan was discovered by Paul Ehrlich. It was used for the treatment of syphilis.<\/p>\n \u2192 Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.<\/p>\n \u2192 Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Chloramphenicol are examples for broad spectrum antibiotics.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2192 Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum.<\/p>\n \u2192 Antiseptics and disinfectants are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of micro organisms.<\/p>\n \u2192 Antiseptics are applied to living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.<\/p>\n \u2192 Dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol.<\/p>\n \u2192 Boric acid in dilute aqueous solution is a weak antiseptic for eyes.<\/p>\n \u2192 Disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments etc.<\/p>\n \u2192 Antifertility drugs are used to check population explosion.<\/p>\n \u2192 Birth control pills essentially contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.<\/p>\n \u2192 Norethindrone is an example of synthetic progesterone derivative most widely used as antifertility drug.<\/p>\n \u2192 The estrogen derivative which is used in combination with progesterone derivative is ethynylestradiol (novestrol).<\/p>\n \u2192 Artificial sweeteners are preferred by diabetic persons and people who need to control intake of calories.<\/p>\n \u2192 Saccharin, Aspartame, Sucralose, Alitame, etc. are examples for artificial sweeteners.<\/p>\n \u2192 Food preservatives prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth.<\/p>\n \u2192 Sodium benzoate is an important food preservative.<\/p>\n \u2192 Salts of sorbic acid and propanoic acid are also used as food preservatives.<\/p>\n \u2192 Anti oxidants help in food preservation by retarding the action of oxygen on food.<\/p>\n \u2192 Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) are the most familiar antioxidants. Sometimes these are used along with citric acid for more effective action.<\/p>\n \u2192 Soaps and detergents are used as cleansing agents.<\/p>\n \u2192 Soaps used for cleaning purpose are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids, e.g., stearic, oleic and palmitic acids.<\/p>\n \u2192 Sodium or potassium soaps do not work in hard water. Synthetic detergents can be used both in soft and hard water.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2192 Branched chain detergents are not easily degraded by bacteria easily. Slow degradation of detergents leads to their accumulation and cause environmental pollution.<\/p>\n \u2192 Unbranched hydrocarbon detergents are biodegradable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Students can go through TS Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Notes 10th Lesson Chemistry in Everyday Life will help students in revising the entire concepts quickly. TS Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Notes 10th Lesson Chemistry in Everyday Life \u2192 Drugs are chemicals of low molecular masses ( ~ 100 to 500 u) which interact with macro- … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTS Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Notes 10th Lesson Chemistry in Everyday Life<\/h2>\n
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