{"id":33495,"date":"2022-11-01T14:53:12","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T09:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.com\/?p=33495"},"modified":"2022-11-16T16:52:45","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T11:22:45","slug":"ts-inter-1st-year-environmental-education-study-material-chapter-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.com\/ts-inter-1st-year-environmental-education-study-material-chapter-11\/","title":{"rendered":"TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material Chapter 11 Conventional and non-Conventional Sources of Energy"},"content":{"rendered":"
Telangana TSBIE\u00a0TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material<\/a> 11th Lesson Conventional and non-Conventional Sources of Energy Textbook Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n Essay Questions<\/span><\/p>\n Question 1. Till the beginning of the nineteenth century nearly all the energy in the world was produced by the burning of wood. Less than 2% was derived from coal, produced and used mostly in the U.K. Oil consumption began in the 1870s. By the end of the nineteenth century, coal consumption increased greatly. It accounted for half the global energy.<\/p>\n Fossil fuels are formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earths crust over millions of years. When fossil fuels are burnt they produce a lot of energy. Although human beings used fossil fuels in ancient times, the large scale extraction of these fuels began only during the Industrial Revolution. Within a short period of two hundred years we have consumed so much fossil fuel that the available deposits have been practically exhausted.<\/p>\n It is estimated that we will run out of oil, gas and coal by the end of this century. New reserves of fossil fuels are difficult to find and are much smaller than the ones found in ihe past. For this reason fossil fuels are considered Non Renewable sources of energy. They are a finite resource and cannot be replenished as they take millions of years to be formed.<\/p>\n Advantages of Conventional Sources of Energy :<\/p>\n Disadvantages of Conventional Sources of Energy :<\/p>\n <\/p>\n II. Non-Conventional Sources of energy (Renewable) : Advantages of Non – Conventional Sources of Energy : b) Non Polluting : c) Cost Effective : Disadvantages of Non – Conventional Sources of Energy : b) Initial costs of installation of power plants may be high. Question 2. Solar power harvests the energy of the Sun by using collector panels to create conditions that can then be turned into a kind of power. Large solar panel fields are often used to gather enough power to charge small substations. Many people use solar systems for heating their house in winter and cooling it in summer. Hot water too is easily obtained.<\/p>\n Advantages of Solar Energy :<\/p>\n Disadvantages of Solar Energy :<\/p>\n India has set a target of achieving 100 GW of solar power by 2022. Four of the largest solar plants in the world are in India, including the second largest solar park in the world at Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. The world’s largest solar power plant, Bhadla Solar Park, is being constructed in Rajasthan.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2. Wind Energy : Advantages of Wind Energy :<\/p>\n Disadvantages of Wind Energy :<\/p>\n Denmark is regarded as the birthplace of wind energy harvesting. The Gansu wind farm in China is the world’s largest wind farm, with a target of 20000 MW by 2020. Today wind energy is India’s biggest source of renewable electricity, accounting for nearly three times as much generating capacity as solar. The Muppandal wind farm in Tamilnadu is the largest wind farm in India.<\/p>\n 3. Geothermal Energy : Geothermal energy can be used by a residential unit or on a large scale by an industrial application. It was used during ancient times for bathing and space heating. The biggest drawback in using geothermal energy is that it can be produced only at select sites throughout the world. The largest group of geothermal power plants in the world is located at The Geysers, a geothermal field in California, United States. Indonesia, Iceland, and Philippines are countries which have very large geothermal plants. The first geothermal plant of India is located in Balrampur district in Chhattisgarh and will become operational shortly.<\/p>\n 4. Hydrogen Energy : 5. Tidal Energy : 6. Wave Energy : 7. Hydroelectric Energy : Advantages of Hydroelectric Energy :<\/p>\n Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Energy :<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 8. Biomass Energy : Advantages of Biomass Energy :<\/p>\n Disadvantages of Biomass Energy :<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 9. Nuclear Energy : Advantages of Nuclear Energy :<\/p>\n Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy :<\/p>\n Telangana TSBIE\u00a0TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material 11th Lesson Conventional and non-Conventional Sources of Energy Textbook Questions and Answers. TS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material 11th Lesson Conventional and non-Conventional Sources of Energy Essay Questions Question 1. Explain the sources of energy. Answer: I. Conventional Sources of Energy : (Non-Renewable) Conventional … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTS Inter 1st Year Environmental Education Study Material 11th Lesson Conventional and non-Conventional Sources of Energy<\/h2>\n
\nExplain the sources of energy.
\nAnswer:
\nI. Conventional Sources of Energy :
\n(Non-Renewable) Conventional Energy refers to energy that is obtained from any source that has been in widespread use for a long time. Fossil fuels and traditional biomass are the most widely used conventional source of energy. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels. Kerosene and propane are derivatives of fossil fuels. Traditional biomass refers to wood and other organic matter.<\/p>\n\n
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\nAs conventional sources of energy are exhaustible and also cause pollution, scientists have been trying to find alternative sources of energy which can be easily replenished and do not pollute the environment. Many non conventional sources of energy have been developed during the last few decades. Solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and tidal energy are examples of non conventional energy. While it is true that some of these sources, such as wind energy and biomass energy, were harnessed even in ancient times, the large scale exploitation of these resources in a systematic manner started only towards the end of the nineteenth century.<\/p>\n
\na) Renewable Resources :
\nThe most promising aspect of non – conventional sources of energy is that they are inexhaustible. Solar energy and wind energy can be harnessed as long as the Sun exists. The vast oceans are a perennial source of wave and tide energy. Uranium, needed for nuclear energy, may be exhausted in 200 years but if extracted from sea water, will last for 60,000 years. Non conventional sources of energy are, therefore, called Renewable sources of energy as they are constantly being replenished and will never get depleted.<\/p>\n
\nAnother remarkable feature of non conventional sources of energy is that they are clean and do not pollute the environment. No waste is produced. Biomass energy releases carbon, no doubt, but the carbon is already present in the organic waste that is burnt to get energy.<\/p>\n
\nNon-conventional sources of energy are becoming increasingly cost effective with each passing day. Rapid improvements in technology are enabling developing countries to leapfrog and remain on a par with developed countries.<\/p>\n
\na) Safety issues :
\nAccidents in nuclear power plants can cause leakage of radioactive material. This can have disastrous consequences not only for the workers involved but for residents living several miles away from the plant. The effects of radioactivity on human beings can linger for decades, affecting future generations. The ecosystem too is destroyed.<\/p>\n
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\nExplain the types of Non – Conventional sources of energy.
\nAnswer:
\n1. Solar Energy :
\nThe Sun is a powerful source of energy. The energy provided by the Sun to the Earth in one hour can meet the energy needs of the entire globe for a year. At present we are able to harness only .0001 % of that energy. Rapid strides in technology are enabling us to transform solar power into thermal and electrical energy efficiently and at reduced costs. The International Energy Agency estimates that by 2050 the production of solar energy will account for nearly a quarter of the world’s total energy use.
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\nWind energy is a form of solar energy. Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on towers and convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. A generator then converts the mechanical power into electricity. Wind energy harvesting has grown by 25% every year over the last two decades. By 2030 wind power is expected to supply nearly 20% of the world’s electricity.
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\nGeothermal energy is the energy that is produced from beneath the Earth. It is clean, sustainable and environment friendly. High temperatures are produced continuously inside the Earth’s crust by the slow delay of radioactive particles. Hot rocks present below the Earth heat up the water that produces steam. The steam is then captured and is used to move turbines. The rotating turbines power the generators.
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\nHydrogen is one of the most common elements available on Earth. It is an energy carrier, not an energy source. Hydrogen can store and deliver usable energy, but it does not typically exist by itself in nature and must be produced from compounds that contain it. Once hydrogen is separated from compounds such as water, it can be used as a fuel for generating electricity. Hydrogen is a tremendous source of energy and can be used as a source of fuel to power ships, vehicles, homes, industries, and rockets. It is completely renewable, can be produced on demand from organic waste or water and does not leave any toxic emissions in the atmosphere. However, the cost of producing hydrogen energy is very high. Japan, Germany, Iceland, and U.S.A are countries which are in the forefront in the field of hydrogen energy.
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\nTidal energy uses the rise and fall of tides to convert kinetic energy of incoming and outgoing tides into electrical energy. It is dependent on the gravitational force of the Earth and the moon. Tides are produced when there is increased height of water levels in the ocean. The generation of energy through tidal power is mostly prevalent in coastal areas. Huge investment and limited availability of sites are the major drawbacks of tidal energy. Tidal energy is one of the renewable sources of energy. Large amounts of energy are produced even when tides move at a low speed. South Korea has the largest tidal power plant in the world. France, U.K. and Belgium are other countries which have such plants.
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\nWave energy is produced from the movement of waves that are produced in the oceans. Wave energy is renewable, environment friendly and causes no harm to the atmosphere. It can be harnessed along the coastal regions of many countries and can help a country to reduce its dependence on foreign countries for fuel. However, wave energy has its disadvantages. It can damage the marine ecosystem and can also be a source of disturbance to private and commercial vessels. It is highly dependent on wavelength and can also be a source of visual and noise pollution. Sweden, Portugal, Spain and U.K. are some countries which produce wave energy.
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\nHydroelectric energy is produced when the power of moving water is harnessed to produce electricity. The power of moving water has been harnessed for centuries. Initially it was used to run grain mills. Today hydroelectric power is the most widely used non conventional type of energy in the world. It represents about 17% of total electricity production. China is the largest producer of hydroelectricity, loilowed by Canada, Brazil and the united States.
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\nBiomass energy is produced from organic material that comes from plants and animals. Biomass includes crops, plants, trees, yard clippings, wood chips and animal wastes. Wood accounts for 44% of biomass energy. Chlorophyll present in plants captures the Sun’s energy by converting carbondioxide from the air and water from the ground into carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis. When the plants are burned, the water and carbondioxide are again released back into the atmosphere. Biomass energy is used for heating and cooking in homes and as fuel in industrial production.
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\nNuclear energy is power released through specific nuclear reactions. This power is then converted to electrical power. There are about 30 countries which produce nuclear power. U.S.A produces more electricity through the use of nuclear power than any other nation. It is followed by France, Russia, South Korea, Germany and China. France derives more than 75% of its energy needs from nuclear power.
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