{"id":33058,"date":"2022-10-21T12:14:39","date_gmt":"2022-10-21T06:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.com\/?p=33058"},"modified":"2022-11-16T14:45:08","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T09:15:08","slug":"ts-inter-2nd-year-political-science-study-material-chapter-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tsboardsolutions.com\/ts-inter-2nd-year-political-science-study-material-chapter-6\/","title":{"rendered":"TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material Chapter 6 Local Government"},"content":{"rendered":"

Telangana TSBIE\u00a0TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material<\/a> 6th Lesson Local Government Textbook Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n

TS Inter 2nd Year Political Science Study Material 6th Lesson Local Government<\/h2>\n

Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nWrite about a brief historical background of local governments in India.
\nAnswer:
\nHistorical Background :
\nLocal governments in India have a long historical background. The Rigveda the oldest of four Vedas, mentioned two institutions namenly. Sabha and Samithi which performed several administrative and political functions at community level. They were the effective administrative state structures at local levels in ancient period. They relate to village panchayats and caste panchayats. Which managed the administrative and judicial affairs of a village community. These institutions continued for several years even without the effective support of the ruling classes of the time. Many eminent writers like Megasthanes Kautilya and Fahieh have cited the existence of these bodies in their writings.<\/p>\n

In medieval period, village panchayats flourished during the Chola Dynasty in South India. The Cholas were renowed for their patronage of the local bodies. However, the local governments of the present form is attributes to the efforts of some British Officers at higher levels. They developed these bodies to promote the colonial interests. Lord Mayo’s Resolution (1870) and Lord Rippon’s Resolution (1882) paved the way for the progress of these institutions in India; Earlier the East India Company established the Municipal Corporation of Madras in 1688 with the consent of Emperor George II. Some Mayor courts were setup in Madras in 1726 for collecting taxes and administering justice.<\/p>\n

The Regulating Act of 1773 paved the way for the establishment of local governments, at Calcutta (Kolkota), Madras and Bombay (Mumbai). Lord Rippon, the Governor General of India moved the famous resolution for devolving financial and administrative powers to the local governments. His resolution is known as the Magna Carta of Local Governments in India. He was described as the father of local self-governments in India. Later on the successive British rulers in India have intiated many steps for providing more authority to the local bodies. Some of the notable legal enactments are Bengal Municipalities Act, 1884.<\/p>\n

Bengal Local Governments Act 1885, Bengal village self-government Act, 1919 etc. The Royal Commission on Decentralizatin headed by Sir Charles Hobhouse up of village panchayats, constitution of district boards, entrusting primary obligations to municipalities etc. The Government of India Act 1919 introduced diarchy at state level. It gave impetus to the local governments. It empowered the Indian ministers to take decisions in regard to the maintenance of local bodies.<\/p>\n

The Government of India Act 1935 assigned the provincial governments with the obligation of making the local bodies energetic and efficient. It placed the subject of Local Self Government under Entry 12 of the provincial governments. Consequently many provincial governments paused Acts delegating the local governments the powers of administration including criminal justice to the panchayats. Prominent leaders of national movements live Mahatma Gandhi suggested the cause of local governments. Gandhi supported the cause of local governemnts.<\/p>\n

\"TS<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nDescribe the main provisions of the 73rd<\/sup> Constitution Amendment Act, 1992.
\nAnswer:
\nThe Union Government headed by the Prime Minister RV. Narasimha Rao strongly felt the need for immediate grant of constitutional status to the Panchayat Raj Institutions. It introduced a Bill to that effect in the Parliament in September 1991. Later, the bill was referred to a joint select committee which studied the former and submitted its report in July 1992. The; bill was accepted by the Parliament and the same was referred to the state legislatures for their approval. As majority state legislative assemblies accepted the Bill, it became an Act in the name of the constitution (Seventy-Third Amendment) Act, 1992. The Act came into force April 24, 1993.<\/p>\n

The Act reinserted Part IX which was deleted by the constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956 and added a new schedule, namely 11th<\/sup> Schedule. The Act deals with Articles 243 to 243(0) of the Indian Constitution.<\/p>\n

Main provision of the act :
\n1. Gram Sabha :
\nArticle 243 (A) deals with the Gram Sabha. Every village has to have a Gram Sabha consisting of all registered voters of a village. It shall meet atleast twice a year.<\/p>\n

2. Constitution of Panchayat :
\nThe Act envisages a uniform three tier system of Panchayats at Rural level throughout the Country.
\nThey are : Gram panchayat at village level 2) Mandal Parishad or Pahchayat Samithi at Mjandal level and 3) Zilla Parishad at District level.<\/p>\n

3. Reservation of Seats :
\nThe Act provides reservations in Panchayat Raj institutions for SCs, STs and BCs proportion to thjeir population. It also provides 1\/3 of seats reserved for women.<\/p>\n

4. Duration of Panchayat :
\nThe Duration of Panchayat is five years at every level. Incase of dissolution, election should be conducted within six months.<\/p>\n

5. Composition of Panchayat:
\nEvery Gram Panchayat comprises four organs, namely,
\ni) Panchayat
\nii) Sarpanch,
\niii) Panchayat Secretary and
\niv) Gram Sabha.<\/p>\n

6. Qualifications and Disqualifications :
\nThe Act specified qualifications and disqualifications of the candidate to contest the Panchayats. i) He should be of 21 years of age ii) He should be voter in that area iii) He shall not hold any office of profit, iv) He should pay an amount as deposit specified by the State Legislature.<\/p>\n

7) Powers and Functions :
\nArticle 243 (G) explains the powers and functions of the Panchayats. It has powers on 29 items listed in the XIth<\/sup> schedule of the constitution. They are Agriculture,<\/p>\n

Health and Sanitation, Drinking water, Fisheries, Social Foresty, Rural housing, Roads etc.<\/p>\n

8) State Finance Commission :
\nArticle 243(1) provides for the state finance commission. The governor of the state shall constitute a finance commission for every five years. It shall make the following recommendations to the Governor i) To review the financial position of the Panchayats ii) The distributioin of Funds between the state and Panchayats iii) The grants-in-aid to the Panchayats from the consolidated fund of the state. It consists of a chairman and four other members.<\/p>\n

9) State Election Commission :
\nArticle 243(K) explains how the state Election Commission is to ensure free and fair elections to the Panchayats. The State Election Commissioner is appointed by the governor to perform the following functions.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. To prepare and update the electoral rolls of the voters for Panchayat elections.<\/li>\n
  2. To conduct free and fair elections to the Panchayats<\/li>\n
  3. To allot symbols to the contesting candidate during the elections.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Question 3.
    \nMention the main provisions of the 74th<\/sup> Constitution Amendment Act, 1992.
    \nAnswer:
    \nThe constitution seventy-fourth Amendment Act, 1992 was approved by the parliament in December, 1992. It was regarded as a progressive step in strengthening the urban local bodies in India. It provided a common frame work for the effective functioning of these bodies. The Act came into force on June 1, 1993.<\/p>\n

    Main Provisions :
    \nThe main provisions of the Act are as follows :
    \n1) Constitution of Municipalities :
    \nThe Act provides three kinds of urban local governments in every state. They are : i) Nagar Panchayat ii) Municipality and iii) Municipal Corporation.<\/p>\n

    2) Composition of Municipalities :
    \nAll members of urban local bodies shall be elected directly or indirectly by the people respective areas. They are councillors to Nagar Panchayat and municipalities and corporators to municipal corporations. Chairpersons, Vice-chairpersons, and Mayors and Deputy mayors should be elected by the members of the urban local bodies. MLAs, MPs, and MLCs are also exofficio members of their respective urban local bodies.<\/p>\n

    3) Reservation of Seats :
    \nThe Act provides reservations in urban local bodies for SCs, STs and BCs in proportion to their population. It provides 1\/3 of seats reserved for women.<\/p>\n

    4) Duration of Municipality :
    \nThe duration of urban local bodies is five years at every level. In case of dissolution, election should be conducted within six months.<\/p>\n

    5) Qualifications and Disqualifications :
    \nThe Act specified qualifications and disqualifications of the candidate to contest in urban local bodies, i) He should have completed 21 years of age ii) He should be a voter in the area iii) He should not hold any office of profit iv) He should pay an amount as deposit specified by the state legislature.<\/p>\n

    6) Powers and Functions :
    \nArticle 243(W) explains the powers and functions of the urban local bodies. It has powers on 18 items listed in XIIth<\/sup> schedule of the constitution. They are urban planning, public health, sanitation, fire services, burial grounds, roads and bridges etc.<\/p>\n

    7) State Finance Commission :
    \nState Finance Commission, which is constituted for the Panchayats under Article 243(l), shall also review the financial position of the urban local bodies and forward necessary recommendations to the governor.<\/p>\n

    8) State Election Commission :
    \nState Election commission, which is constituted for the Panchayats under Article 243(K) is entitled to conduct elections to urban local bodies.<\/p>\n

    \"TS<\/p>\n

    Question 4.
    \nWrite a brief note on Telangana Panchayat Raj Act of 2018.
    \nAnswer:
    \nOn the basis of 73rd<\/sup> and 74th<\/sup> Constitutional Amendment Acts, erst while Andhra Pradesh Government enacted the Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act 1994 that came into existence on 30th<\/sup> May 1994. After the formation of Telangana as a separate State on 2nd<\/sup> June 2014 the old Act was continued in the State. Subsequently, the Telangana Government led by K. Chandra Shekar Rao, enacted a new law namely the Telangana Panchayat Raj Act 2018. This new Act was came into existence on 18th April 2018. The main objectives of the new Act are to strengthening the local governments in Telangana and fulfill the ambitions and aspirations of the new state. It consists of 297 sections, VIII schedules, and 9 parts.<\/p>\n

    Main Features of the Telangana Panchayat Raj Act :
    \n1) Three-Tier System :
    \nProvides for a three-tier Panchayat Raj system i.e., Grama Panchayat at village level. Mandal Praja Parishad at Mandal level and Zilla Praja Parishad at District level.<\/p>\n

    2) Qualifications and Disqualifications :
    \nThe Act specified grounds for qualifications and disqualifications of my candidate contesting for any Panchayat post
    \na) He\/she should be completed the age of 21 years.
    \nb) He\/she shold be voter in the area.
    \nc) He\/she should not possess any profitable income post of the Government.
    \nd) He\/she should pay an amount as deposit specified by the state legislature.
    \ne) He\/she is not elibigle for having more than two children after 30 may, 1999.<\/p>\n

    Explanation :
    \nA person having more than two children before 31st may, 1995 shall not be disqualified so long as the number of children does not increase.<\/p>\n

    3) Reservations :
    \nThis Act provides reservations in all tiers to SCs & STs on the basis of proportion their population 34% seats are reserved for BCs and 50% seats reserve for women. The reservations shall be rotated every two consecutive terms.<\/p>\n

    4) Duration of Panchayat :
    \nThe duration of Panchayat is five years at every level. Incase of dissolution, election should be conducted within six months. But, where the remaining of the period is less than six months for any vacancy, it shall not be necessary to hold any election fo rremaining period.<\/p>\n

    5) Powers and Functions :
    \nThis Act provides powers and functions of the Panchayats. It has power on 29 items listed in XIth schedule of the constitution. They are agriculture, health and sanitation, drinking water, social welfare etc.<\/p>\n

    6) State Election Commission :
    \nThe act provides for the constitution of the State Election Commission for preparation of eletoral rolls and conduct of elections to all Panchayat Raj Institutions. The Election Commission shall consist of a State Election Commissioner. The Governor on the recommendatin of the Government shall appoint the State Election Commissioner. The conditions of service and tenure of office of the State Election Commissioner shall be decided by the Governor V. Nagi Reddy is the present Telangana State Election Commissioner.<\/p>\n

    7) State Finance Commission :
    \nA Finance Commission should be constituted once in every five years by the Governor on the recommendation of the Government. The Finance Commission shall consist of a chairman and four other members of whom one shall be the Member-Secretary. The Governor shall by order appoint on the recommendation of the government of the Chairman and other members of the commission. The Finance Commission shall review the financial position of the Gram Panhcayats, Mandal Praja Parishads and Zilla Praja Parishads and make recommendations to the Government. The State Finance Commission suggests ways to improve the Financial position of the local governments. G. Rajesham Goud is the present Chairperson of Telangana State Finance Commission.<\/p>\n

    8) Village Panchayat Tribunal :
    \nVillage Panchayat Tribunal should be established by the State Government. It consists of three members, that will enquire the appellate reagrding removal of Sarpanch and others matters.<\/p>\n

    Question 5.
    \nDescribe the composition and powers of Zilla Parishads in Telangana.
    \nAnswer:
    \nThe Zilla Praja Parishad is at the apex of the Panchayat Raj institution. It covers the entire rural area of the district and is the deliberative body. Each district shall have a Zilla Praja Parishad by its name. Except Hyderabad, each district have a Zilla Praja Parishad with the name of such district. Presently there are 32 Zilla Praja Parishads in Telangana.<\/p>\n

    Composition :
    \nZilla Praja Parishad comprises six organs, namely :<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Zilla Parishad<\/li>\n
    2. Zilla Parishad Chairman<\/li>\n
    3. Zilla Mahasabha<\/li>\n
    4. Chief Executive Officer<\/li>\n
    5. Standing Committees and<\/li>\n
    6. District Collector.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      1) Zilla Parishad :
      \nIt consists of three categories of members namely :
      \ni) Elected members from Territorial constituencies in the district directly by the people.
      \nii) Ex-officio members :
      \nMembers of Rajya Sabha, members of Loksabha, members of State Legislative Council and numbers of State Legislative Assembly are the Ex-officio members of the Zilla Praja Parishad.<\/p>\n

      iii) Co-opt members :
      \nTwo persons belonging to Minority Communities to be co-opted in the prescribed manner by the members from among persons who are registered voters in the district.<\/p>\n

      2) Zilla Praja Parishad Chairperson :
      \nZilla Praja Parishad Chairperson is the political head and first person of the Zilla Praja Parishad. He is eiected by the elected members i.e., Z.RT.C. He presides over and conducts the meetings of the Zilla Praja Parishad. The progress of the rural areas of the district depends on the active initiative and role of te chairperson.<\/p>\n

      3) Chief Executive Officer(CEO) :
      \nThe Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the Chief Executive Authority of the Zilla Praja Parishad. He is appointed by the state government. He shall be responsible for implementing the resolutions of the Zilla Praja Parishad. All employees of Zilla Praja Parishad shall be under the responsibility, administrative and supervision of the CEO.<\/p>\n

      4) Zilla Maha Sabha :
      \nThere will be a Zilla Mahasabha in every Zilla Praja Parishad. It comprises a chairman and some other members of Zilla Praja Parishad. It serves as an advisory body to the Zilla Parishad.<\/p>\n

      5) Standing Committees :
      \nThere are seven standing committees in Zilla Praja Parishad. They render advice to the Zilla Praja Parishad on several matters like planning, finance, agriculture, rural development, women, social welfare, education, health etc.<\/p>\n

      6) District Collector :
      \nThe District Collector participates in Zilla Praja Parishad and standing committee meetings as a permanent invitee powers and functions of the Zilla Praja Parishad.<\/p>\n

      The main powers and functions of the Zilla Praja Parishad are to took after various uses of mandal parishads and act as the co-ordination agency at various programme of Mandal Praja Parishads. The Zilla Praja Parishad shall also have the power to,<\/p>\n